稀土变质高锌铝合金的组织和性能

研究了Al-10at%RE变质高锌铝合金的组织和性能。金属型铝合金组织为不发达的粗大α树枝晶，晶界上杂乱分布增大块状或长条状的富硅相及其它相。经钠盐精炼的0．2wt%RE变质后，硅相和其它晶闸相变为球状或细短条状，均匀分布在晶界上，合金生长形态发生较大变化，α树枝晶发达而细小，二次枝晶臂间距显著减小。变质后，抗拉强度提高了29．5％，伸长率提高了34．8％。     

稀土元素钕对高铝含量镁铝合金凝固组织的影响

在高铝含量镁铝合金系中添加0.4%稀土Nd进行变质处理,研究凝固组织中析出相的类型转变及形貌特征。结果发现,稀土元素Nd的变质作用使高铝含量镁-铝合金凝固组织中出现大量树枝晶;在亚共晶成分范围内,首先析出α相树枝晶,随着Al含量不断增加并接近共晶成分,α树枝晶周围出现β相晕圈并不断增厚,α枝晶数量减少,进而发生β相晕圈向β相树枝晶的转变,β枝晶数量增加,分枝变得发达。Nd的变质作用使共晶成分附近的镁铝合金凝固组织形貌发生明显改变,由未变质的典型共生共晶转变为变质后的α、β枝晶及共生共晶共存。     

添加稀土元素Ce对AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

用金相显微镜、能量色散谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究了稀土元素Ce对AZ91D镁合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明，Ce对AZ91D镁合金具有明显的变质效果，加入0．4％Ce后，α-Mg树枝晶变化不明显，晶界上的β-Mg17Al12相呈断续网状分布；加入0．8％Ce后，合金晶界上的离异共晶β相基本上断裂成骨骼状，转变为颗粒状且分布比较均匀；加入1．2％稀土Ce后，枝晶变细，共晶β相完全变为颗粒相，弥散分布于晶界处。微结构分析发现，组织中出现了分布于晶界处的杆状Al10Ce2Mn7化合物。     

Zr变质及热处理对ZA27合金组织与性能的影响

制备了Zr含量为(质量分数)O.2%和O.5%的ZA27合金铸锭,并对合金进行了370℃×12 h固溶处理及100℃人工时效处理.结果表明,O.2%的Zr可以使ZA27合金发达的树枝晶变为细小的花瓣状枝晶,起到显著的变质作用,而Zr含量为O.5%的合金中出现粗大的杆状Al<,3>Zr化合物,导致细化晶粒效果减弱.固溶处理后,合金中过饱和的初生a′树枝晶转变为细小的(α+η)两相组织,少量ε-CuZn<,5>相存留于α晶界上.Zr含量为O.2%的合金中α晶粒变得更加均匀、细小.此外,Zr变质可以显著提高ZA27合金时效处理的峰值硬度,并延迟了对应的时效时间.     

Ni元素和变质剂对亚共晶铝铁合金组织的影响

采用水冷快速冷却铜模制备含铁0.30％～1.55％(质量分数)的亚共晶铝铁合金,用光学显微镜、TEM和EDX分析方法研究了Fe、Ni元素和变质剂对合金组织的影响.结果表明:随着Fe、Ni含量的增加,合金晶界处共晶化合物增多,二次枝晶增多并相互连接成网状,晶界处颗粒状A19FeNi相呈层状分布.当Fe、Ni含量分别增加到1.55％、1.5％时,组织呈层状分布,并含有粗大针状和长针片状初生相.变质剂A1-Ti-B和稀土元素Ce均可显著细化粗大的含铁初生相,消除枝晶组织,但A1-Ti-B对α-Al相晶粒细化效果不明显,而稀土Ce能显著细化α-Al相与共晶组织.     

热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的组织分析

对热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的铸态及热处理组织进行了观察、分析和讨论。结果表明：热型连铸锌铝合金线材的显微组织为定向生长的平行柱状枝晶组织;共晶合金ZA5的枝状芥是的每个枝晶都由多层片状共晶β和η两相构成,过共晶合金的组织为初生树枝晶和枝晶间共晶组织,其中ZA8,ZA12初生相为β相,ZA22和ZA27的初生相是α相。     

Cu对Zn-27Al二元合金凝固组织的影响

研究了Cu元素的添加量对Zn-27Al二元合金凝固组织的影响,并通过XRD、EPMA、SEM等检测手段分析了随Cu元素含量的变化合金组织中的相变及组织转变过程。结果表明,随着Cu含量的增加,组织由弥散分布的富Cu的ε相逐渐转变为富集于α-Al枝晶晶臂上的CuZn4相;金相组织由粗大的等轴晶逐渐变为发达的树枝晶、长径比大的柱状树枝晶、二次枝晶发达主干相对短小的树枝晶。     

复合细化变质多元铝硅合金强化机制的研究

为改善力学性能,采用新型Al-5Ti-1B-1RE中间合金细化剂和Al-10Sr中间合金变质剂对铸态多元铝硅A356铝合金及在铸态A356铝合金中按一定比例添加Cu、Mn、Ti等元素组成的新型铝合金进行复合细化变质处理。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱、透射电镜(TEM)和电子式万能试验机(CSS-44100)等技术对多元铝硅合金中的第二相粒子的形态分布特征及强化机制进行分析。结果表明：经复合细化变质处理的A356铝合金中的第二相粒子共晶硅相由粗大的片层状转变为典型的纤维状,在软韧相α-Al基体晶界处较均匀的析出,α-Al相晶粒尺寸显著变小,其强化机制主要是第二相粒子共晶硅Hall-Petch晶界细晶强化;在新型铝合金中除第二相粒子共晶硅外,还存在其它较弥散分布在晶界或晶内的第二相强化粒子,多种强化机制共同起作用,当分布在晶界上时,主要是Hall-Petch强化机制;当分布在晶内时,主要是Orowan强化机制,成为阻碍位错运动的有效障碍,起到强化作用。     

高锌超高强铝合金微观组织及力学性能研究

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线物相分析仪和透射电镜等研究了Al-10Zn-1.77Mg-1.0Cu-0.13Zr铝合金的微观组织演变和力学性能。结果表明:合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,主要存在α(Al)和η相(Mg Zn2)。双级均匀化处理后,铸态枝晶组织完全消除,非平衡共晶组织几乎完全回溶进基体。时效处理后,晶内析出相为针状η′相和球状GP区,晶界沉淀相η相沿晶界断续分布,晶界无析出区宽约23nm。基体沉淀相、晶界沉淀相以及晶界无析出区的良好匹配,使Al-10Zn-1.77Mg-1.0Cu-0.13Zr合金不仅具有超高的抗拉强度,同时还拥有良好的塑性。     

喷射沉积ZA35合金的组织与力学性能

采用了喷射沉积技术制备ZA35合金，并添加合金元素Mn，研究了其成形后的组织与力学性能。结果表明，喷射沉积锌铝合金的抗拉强度同金属型铸造相比，室温时高出41.4％，150℃时高出53．3％，180℃时高出63．5％。伸长率随温度升高而明显增加。其晶粒细小，组织分布均匀，ε相和Mn相化合物分布于晶界和枝晶间，能够抑制枝晶的发展，细化组织。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.