1.5MW紧凑式单轴多级离心压气机设计

利用自主开发的离心压气机气动设计程序,遵循效率最优和尺寸最小化原则,研发了一款1.5 MW、总压比为12的紧凑式单轴多级离心压气机。该多级离心压气机由单轴驱动10级闭式离心压气机,其中前后5级离心压气机采用"背靠背"结构布置相互抵消部分轴向力。通过全三维数值模拟整体评估了该多级离心压气机的性能,结果表明:设计工况下,10级离心压气机的总压比为12.24,绝热效率为75.4%,内部流动状况良好;设计转速下,失速裕度为8.6%,堵塞裕度为33%。各项性能指标表明所研发的多级离心压气机性能满足设计要求。     

多级轴流压气机率先失速级的预测方法研究

在多级轴流压气机特性计算HARIKA算法基础上，发展了一种预测多级轴流压气机率先失速级的方法。该方法结合多级轴流压气机单级的最大静压升能力和实际工作点的特性，配合使用单级级叠加非设计点性能预测方法，可以很好地预估多级压气机的率先失速级，与已有试验结果比较表明该预测方法是正确可靠的。     

某小流量三级轴流压气机的气动性能及数值分析

以某三级跨音速轴流压气机为研究对象,采用三维数值模拟计算方法对其在设计转速下进行了数值模拟,得到了压气机的特性曲线及总体性能。通过改变出口静压,得到了其在设计转速下的近设计点、近最高效率点、近失速点、近堵塞点并分析了压气机在典型工况下的内部流动特性。研究分析表明:近设计点、近最高效率点的流动情况较好,但效率较低。动叶前缘与叶片流道内的激波、转静子吸力面尾缘处的低能团、叶顶间隙的泄露流引发压气机的气动性能降低,进而造成压气机效率较低、流动损失加大。     

静叶安装角对压气机稳定性影响的数值研究

为提升某多级高速轴流压气机非设计转速下的稳定裕度,采用基于时间推进技术的通流彻体力模型结合优化算法,模拟该压气机的特性,优化静叶安装角.运用该通流模型研究了静叶调节机构的机械误差对该压气机特性及稳定边界的影响.结果 表明:90％转速下用下山单纯形法和遗传算法得出的优化结果近失速点流量分别减小了2.6％和4.0％;稳定裕度分别相对增长了5.6％和8.5％;静叶安装角误差全为+1°和全为-1°时,近失速点流量和压比都分别减小和增大;安装角误差对峰值效率的影响有限.     

自循环机匣处理喷气位置对压气机性能的影响

为了揭示自循环机匣处理对Stage 37气动性能的影响机理，利用数值模拟方法研究了不同喷气位置对压气机气动性能的影响。在设计转速时，分析了不同喷气位置的自循环机匣处理装置的叶尖流场，探讨了自循环机匣处理的扩稳机理。数值模拟结果显示：不同喷气位置的自循环机匣处理在略微降低压气机效率的情况下，能够分别扩大2.96%，2.72%，2.83%，2.6%的失速裕度；设计转速时，Stage 37中转子叶尖区激波/叶尖泄漏涡相互干涉以及泄漏涡破裂后产生的阻塞区，是影响Stage 37压气机内部流动失稳的关键因素。自循环机匣处理的扩稳机制主要在于利用高速喷气抑制叶尖泄漏涡的破碎程度，减小叶尖阻塞区面积，进而提高压气机的失速裕度。     

轴向间隙引气对双级轴流式压气机性能及流场影响的数值研究

采用数值模拟的方法,研究了引气对某双级轴流压气机气动性能的影响。数值计算所获得实壁机匣总性能与试验结果符合良好,结果表明,在靠近第二级转子前缘处的机匣引气能够有效地提高压气机的失速裕度的同时,对压气机的压比和效率影响较小,分析了引气对压气机顶部区域流场结构的影响。     

高压比大推力离心压气机流场分析

基于CFD设计了一款转速60000 r/min、压比7、流量1.5 kg/s的大推力压气机,采用spalart-allmaras湍流模型和Navier-Stokes方程组对压气机叶轮内的气体流动及其工作范围进行了数值模拟,分析了60000 r/min转速时最高效率点附近的相对马赫数和流线云图,开展了非设计转速下的流场分析,计算了不同转速下的工况,研究了设计转速下叶轮入口处激波和射流尾迹的流动情况。研究结果表明：设计工况条件下,等熵效率为84.25%,压比为8.167;转速从48000 r/min到54000 r/min时,等熵效率提高,流场改善,气动损失减小;压气机转速从60000 r/min增加到72000 r/min时,压气机等熵效率、气动损失减小、稳定工作范围收窄;高压叶轮的主要气动损失为叶片表面的激波损失、叶尖间隙损失、二次流损失及吸力面尾缘的低能流体。     

进口轮毂比d=0.45的轴流式双级压气机试验研究

为了验证进口轮毂比d=0.45轴流式双级压气机气动性能和掌握压气机性能试验技术,本文进行了上述压气机的性能试验,测得了相对换算转速n(пр)＝0.546、0.766、0.876、1.00下压气机的特性,同时对低转速范围内压气机的喘振现象进行了观察。试验结果表明：试验所得增压比特性与理论计算十分接近,平均半径处速度三角形与设计的基本重合,只是试验的压气机效率,由于温度场的不均及用温升计算,相差较大。     

变流量工况下小型离心压气机多目标优化设计

为提高离心压气机变流量工况下的性能,基于三维流场分析研究了离心压气机叶片几何参数对其变工况气动性能的影响规律;基于相关性分析建立了降阶的优化设 计变量空间,采用拉丁超立方试验设计、Kriging模型和NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行了离心压气机叶轮变流量工况多目标优化。优化后,叶轮设计流量的压比提高6.43%,效率提高3.99%;小流量时压比提高5.62%,效率提高3.52%;内部流动损失减少,喘振流量减小2.7%,阻塞流量增加6.85%,稳定工作范围得到扩宽。     

涡轮增压压气机叶轮的气动优化设计

以某型涡轮增压压气机为研究对象,采用逆向工程技术中的三维扫描的方法反求压气机叶轮,建立叶轮的几何模型,在此基础上,对叶轮几何型线进行参数化拟合,进而以效率和压比为优化目标,利用人工神经网络和遗传算法对叶轮进行气动优化设计。结果表明:优化后,叶轮的气动性能得到很大提高,在优化点叶轮的效率比原模型提高了2.01%,压比比原模型提高了0.12,综合稳定裕度也提高了。     

Numerical study on the range enhancement of a centrifugal compressor with a ring groove system

A numerical study of casing treatments on a centrifugal compressor to improve stability and stall margin is presented. High efficiency, high pressure ratio, and a wide operating range are required for a high-performance centrifugal compressor. A ring groove casing treatment is effective for flow range enhancement in centrifugal compressors. Compressor performance was analyzed according to the ring groove location, and the results were compared with the case without a ring groove. The effect of guide vanes in the ring groove was also investigated. Four variants of grooves were modeled and simulated using computational fluid dynamics to optimize the groove location. Numerical analysis was performed using a commercial code ANSYS-CFX program. The simulation results showed that the ring groove increased the operating range of the compressor. The ring groove with guide vanes improved both performance of the compressor at low flow rates and the stall margin of the compressor.     

Reliability-based design optimization of axial compressor using uncertainty model for stall margin

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of the NASA stage 37 axial compressor is performed using an uncertainty model for stall margin in order to guarantee stable operation of the compressor. The main characteristics of RBDO for the axial compressor are summarized as follows: First, the values of mass flow rate and pressure ratio in stall margin calculation are defined as statistical models with normal distribution for consideration of the uncertainty in stall margin. Second, Monte Carlo Simulation is used in the RBDO process to calculate failure probability of stall margin accurately. Third, an approximation model that is constructed by an artificial neural network is adopted to reduce the time cost of RBDO. The present method is applied to the NASA stage 37 compressor to improve the reliability of stall margin with both maximized efficiency and minimized weight. The RBDO result is compared with the deterministic optimization (DO) result which does not include an uncertainty model. In the DO case, stall margin is slightly higher than the reference value of the required constraint, but the probability of stall is 43%. This is unacceptable risk for an aircraft engine, which requires absolutely stable operation in flight. However, stall margin obtained in RBDO is 2.7% higher than the reference value, and the probability of success increases to 95% with the improved efficiency and weight. Therefore, RBDO of the axial compressor for aircraft engine can be a reliable design optimization method through consideration of unexpected disturbance of the flow conditions.     

静叶摆动辅助轴流压气机退出旋转失速过程的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法,对轴流压气机进入旋转失速、退出旋转失速过程以及加入叶片摆动耦合使压气机退出旋转失速的过程进行了三维数值模拟。对比了加入与未加入叶片摆动对压气机退出旋转失速状态过程中的流量影响。数值计算表明,在加入合适的叶片摆动耦合后,可以使得压气机退出旋转失速状态的流量减小1.6%,压比上升1.7%。结合两种退出方式的旋转失速过程对比,得到该压气机失速团破碎的条件:部分叶片通道全叶高消除显著的流动分离,出现具有一定"稳定裕度"的优质流动,导致失速团传播途径受阻,使失速团迅速破碎、消失。     

基于CFD的离心压缩机整级性能优化设计

本文采用CFD技术研究离心压缩机整级性能优化设计方法.首先用一元理论进行初始设计,应用全三维流场分析的方法分析叶轮、扩压器以及回流器叶片参数变化对压缩机性能的影响.在此基础上,对主要几何参数进行了优化设计.研究结果表明;通过在压缩机运行过程中调节扩压器叶片的角度,可以使压缩机的最大效率和工况范围均得到改善.对于本模型的压缩机,效率可提高3％以上.优化设计后压缩机整级气动性能得到明显改善.     

Stall inception and warning in a single-stage transonic axial compressor with axial skewed slot casing treatment

Characteristic changes in the stall inception in a single-stage transonic axial compressor with an axial skewed slot casing treatment were investigated experimentally. A rotating stall occurred intermittently in a compressor with an axial skewed slot, whereas spike-type rotating stalls occurred in the case of smooth casing. The axial skewed slot suppressed stall cell growth and increased the operating range. A mild surge, the frequency of which is the Helmholtz frequency of the compressor system, occurred with the rotating stall. The irregularity in the pressure signals at the slot bottom increased decreasing flow rate. An autocorrelation-based stall warning method was applied to the measured pressure signals. Results estimate and warn against the stall margin in a compressor with an axial skewed slot.     

Inlet Recirculation Influence to the Flow Structure of Centrifugal Impeller

Inlet recirculation is proved as an effective way for centrifugal compressor surge margin extension,and is successively used in some engineering applications.Unfortunately its working mechanism is still not being well understood,which leads to redesigning of inlet recirculation mostly by experience.Also,most study about inlet recirculation is steady to date.It is necessary to study surge margin extension mechanism about inlet recirculation.To expose the mechanism in detail,steady and unsteady numerical simulations were performed on a centrifugal compressor with and without inlet recirculation.The results showed that,with inlet recirculation,the inlet axial velocity is augmented,relative Mach number around blade tip leading edge area is significantly reduced and so is the flow angle.As the flow angle decreased,the incidence angle reduced which greatly improves the flow field inside the impeller.Moreover,inlet recirculation changes the blade loading around blade tip and restrains the flow separation on the blade suction side at the leading edge area.The unsteady results of static pressure around blade surface,entropy at inlet crossflow section and vorticity distributions at near tip span surface indicated that,at near stall condition,strong fluctuation exists in the vicinity of tip area due to the interaction between tip leakage flow and core flow.By inlet recirculation these strong flow fluctuations are eliminated so the flow stability is greatly enhanced.All these improvements mentioned above are the reason for inlet recirculation delays compressor stall.This research reveals the surge margin extension reason of inlet recirculation from an unsteady flow viewpoint and provides important reference for inlet recirculation structure design.     

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Unstable Flow Structure in a Centrifugal Compressor with a Vaneless Diffuse

The unstable flow phenomena in compressors, such as stall and surge, are closely related to the e ciency and the operating region. It is indispensable to capture the unstable flow structure in compressors and understand the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates. Cooperated with the manufacturer, an industrial centrifugal compressor with a vaneless di user is tested by its performance test rig and our multi-phase dynamic measurement system. Many dynamic pressure transducers are circumferentially mounted on the casing surface at seven radial locations, spanning the impeller region and the di user inlet region. The pressure fields from the design condition to surge are measured in details. Based on the multi-phase dynamic signals, the original location of stall occurring can be determined. Meanwhile, the information of the unstable flow structure is obtained, such as the circumferential mode and the propagating speed of stall cells. To get more details of the vortex structure, an unsteady simulation of this tested compressor is carried out. The computational result is well matched with the experimental result and further illustrates how the unstable flow structure in the impeller region gradually a ects the stability of the total machine at low flow rates. The dynamic mode decomposition(DMD) method is applied to get the specific flow pattern corresponding to the stall frequency. Both experimental and computational analysis show that the flow structure at a particular radial location in the impeller region has a great impact on the stall and surge. Some di erences between the computational and experimental result are also discussed. Through these two main analytical methods, an insight into the unstable flow structure in an industrial compressor is gained. The result also plays a crucial role in the guidance of the compressor stabilization techniques.     

压气机叶顶微喷气扩稳研究（英文）

The mechanism of compressor stall margin enhancement using the tip air injection is explored. The transonic compressor, NASA Rotor 37, is taken as the object to study the tip clearance flow under active control of tip air injection by numerical simulations. The effects of injection parameters(injection total temperature, injection position, injection angle, injection mass flow, injection port size, injection type and etc) on the stall margin extension are emphatically analyzed. Results show that the enhancement of tip leakage vortex enlarges the low-energy region induced by the shock wave in the row channel when the working condition is moving to stall point. In addition, the enhancement of radial vortex increases its entrainment ability, which tends to expand separation zone. Once the tip injection imposed, the decrease of the leakage vortex intensity widens the stall margin, while the total pressure loss increases to some extent due to the mixing of the tip micro jet with the mainstream. It is found that injection parameters should be restricted to a moderate region so as to achieve a good stall margin extension without an excessive increase in the pressure loss.