双头斜轧铝球的实验研究

铝球斜轧模具设计首次采用了双头轧制的设计方案。为了对设计理论进行检验 ,并获取铝球轧制的力能参数 ,本文作者做了铝球双头轧制实验。实验中对轧制压力、轧制扭矩、轧制功率进行了测试 ,并将几套不同的模具所测得的结果进行了比较与分析。实验采用了计算机测试技术 ,取得了比较满意的实验结果     

Effect of joint design on mechanical properties of AL7075 weldment

The effects of joint design on the mechanical properties of AL7075-T6 aluminum sheet were studied on the latest automated gas-tungsten arc-welding system. Using ER5356 filler metal, full-penetration welds were made on workpieces with various included joint angles. Testing of the mechanical properties of the joints was done in the as-welded, naturally aged, and postweld heat-treated conditions. The results show that by using crack-resistant filler, and by selecting the proper joint design and postweld heat treatment, strong, dependable welds can be produced on thin AL7075 sheet material. An elasticity model of the weld joint was established to help understand the mechanical behavior of the joints. An undermatched joint design is shown to be capable of achieving a joint strength that matches the strength of the base alloy.     

AL6XN超级奥氏体钢高温拉伸时的动态应变时效

研究了固溶处理AL6XN超级奥氏体钢在温度773～973K以及3.3×10-5～3.3×10-3s-1应变速率范围的高温拉伸力学行为。结果表明,AL6XN奥氏体钢在以上实验条件下(不包括873K,3.3×10-5s-1)均存在动态应变时效,具体表现为在真应力-真应变曲线上出现锯齿形,同时屈服强度在773～973K范围呈现平台区;临界应变量随着温度从773K升高到923K逐渐降低,并且在此温度范围激活能为304kJ/mol,说明动态应变时效的机制为AL6XN奥氏体钢中Cr和Mo等置换原子与位错的交互作用。透射电镜分析同时表明AL6XN奥氏体钢形变后位错结构呈平面滑移特征。     

Effect of small additions of transition metals on aging of alloy AL9V

Conclusions The addition of Ti, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, or V to alloy AL9V reduces the decomposition rate of the solid solution during aging. One of the possible reasons for this is the distortion of the lattice of the matrix due to the difference between the atomic radius of the alloying element and aluminum.State Planning Institute of Nonferrous Metals Processing. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 19–22, May, 1971.     

Tool flank wear prediction in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy SiC composite

Flank wear occurs on the relief face of the tool and the life of a tool used in a machining process depends upon the amount of flank wear; so predicting of flank wear is an important requirement for higher productivity and product quality. In the present work, the effects of feed, depth of cut and cutting speed on flank wear of tungsten carbide and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy with 10 wt% SiC composite are studied; also artificial neural network (ANN) and co-active neuro fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) are used to predict the flank wear of tungsten carbide and PCD inserts. The feed, depth of cut and cutting speed are selected as the input variables and artificial neural network and co-active neuro fuzzy inference system model are designed with two output variables. The comparison between the results of the presented models shows that the artificial neural network with the average relative prediction error of 1.03% for flank wear values of tungsten carbide inserts and 1.7% for flank wear values of PCD inserts is more accurate and can be utilized effectively for the prediction of flank wear in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy SiC composite. It is also found that the tungsten carbide insert flank wear can be predicted with less error than PCD flank wear insert using ANN. With Regard to the effect of the cutting parameters on the flank wear, it is found that the increase of the feed, depth of cut and cutting speed increases the flank wear. Also the feed and depth of cut are the most effective parameters on the flank wear and the cutting speed has lesser effect.     

铝合金AL5454等通道挤压工艺的模拟研究

利用Deform-3D对铝合金AL5454挤压件进行ECAP工艺的模拟研究,得出了挤压过程中模具拐角、模具圆心角半径等对挤压件变形等效应力的影响规律,从而为ECAP模具设计、实验研究、工艺参数拟定提供理论指导。     

Analysis and estimation of state variables in CNC face milling of AL6061

In this study, the effect of cutting parameters and machining forces on surface roughness and material removal rate of AL6061 in CNC face milling operation is investigated. Based on the experimental data, two different modeling techniques, namely regression analysis and multilayer perceptron, MLP, neural network, have been used to estimate the state variables (i.e. surface roughness, R _a , and material removal rate, MRR). Simulation results presented using machining data demonstrate that the MLP neural network possesses more powerful capacity than the regression analysis and performs the estimation of the R _a and MRR, simultaneously.     

利用08 AL一次拉延成形CA488发动机油底壳的数值分析

利用 1s-dyna3d软件分析了 0 8AL材料在CA488发动机油底壳的一次拉延成形过程中出现的主要问题和解决的具体措施。模拟了这种材料调整方案的一次拉延成形 ,得出了采用 0 8AL板料冲压时模具应采取的具体结构     

Experimental study of surface roughness in slot end milling AL2014-T6

The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of cutting condition and tool geometry on surface roughness when slot end milling AL2014-T6. The parameters considered were the cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, concavity and axial relief angles of the end cutting edge of the end mill. Surface roughness models for both dry cutting and coolant conditions were built using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the experimental results. The results showed that the dry-cut roughness was reduced by applying cutting fluid. The significant factors affecting the dry-cut model were the cutting speed, feed, concavity and axial relief angles; while for the coolant model, they were the feed and concavity angle. Surface roughness generally increases with the increase of feed, concavity and axial relief angles, while concavity angle is more than 2.5°.     

Formation of coatings of mixed aluminum and manganese oxides on the AL25 alloy

Features of plasma electrolytic oxidation of the AL25 cast complex-alloyed aluminum alloy are discussed. It has been shown that a variation in the nature and concentration ratio of the electrolyte compo- nents provides the formation of mixed-oxide coatings containing the materials of the basic matrix and the dopant. An increase in the coating thickness and the manganese oxide content in the coating is achieved by the homogenization of the treated surface owing to the simultaneous formation of oxides and the removal of alloying components of the alloy from the surface layers. Current density intervals that provide a uniform distribution of elements in the coating and a high efficiency of the Faraday and thermochemical reactions are determined. It is found that the stoichiometric oxygen index in MnO_x oxides is x = 1.71–1.87. Testing of the synthesized oxide systems in the model oxidation of carbon(II) oxide to CO₂ shows that the ignition and complete conversion temperatures are at the level of values characteristic of platinum catalysts.     

超低温高韧性球墨铸铁QT400-18AL的研究及应用

转向架轴箱为CRH300型高速列车核心部件,要求采用QT400-18AL(-40℃)球铁制造。在分析了生产这种球铁的技术难度及影响因素后,采用高纯生铁及综合技术措施研制成功全铁素体球铁转向架轴箱,其缺口冲击值分别为:20.8 J(20℃)、19.4 J(0℃)、19.2 J(-20℃)、16.8 J(-40℃)、13.6 J(-50℃),并首次给出这种铸铁的韧性、塑性转变曲线。     

基于正交实验与BP神经网络的2AL2激光切割工艺参数优化

运用正交试验对2A12铝合金激光切割参数中激光功率、切割速度、气体压力的工艺数据进行极差、方差分析,得到综合质量最优的因素组合。并以切口粗糙度为研究对象,建立其BP神经网络预测模型,训练后的模型在验证样本测试中的预测值和实际值之间误差较小,从而证明了建立BP神经网络来预测激光切割切口表面粗糙度的可行性,在实际生产中对指导激光切割获得较好的切割质量有一定的实用价值。     

Identification of the plastic deformation characteristics of AL5052-O sheet based on the non-associated flow rule

This study aims to determine the plastic deformation characteristics of aluminum 5052-O based on non-associated flow rule. To achieve this goal, a new strain hardening model named as Kim-Tuan hardening model is proposed to perfectly describe the stress-strain relation of the studied material in terms of the uniaxial tensile test and to predict the material’s post-necking behavior. Additionally, the plastic behaviors of AL5052-O sheet are described by two approaches: the associated flow rule with YLD2000-2d yield function and the non-associated flow rule with Hill's quadratic function (NAFR-Hill48). The parameters of these functions were derived from the material properties that were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests and bulge test. The flow curve based on Kim-Tuan model and plastic behaviors obtained from two above-mentioned approaches were imported into a finite element analysis code to simulate the hydraulic bulge test for this material to confirm the precision of material characteristics achieved before. The simulation results based on the NAFR-Hill48 match well with the experiment results of bulge test while the YLD2000-2d provides highly accurate predictions for anisotropy of this material.     

Fatigue Damage Mechanism of AL6XN Austenitic Stainless Steel at High Temperatures

By the combination of transmission electron microscope, neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering methods, mechanical fatigue behavior of AL6XN austenitic stainless steel was investigated in the temperature range of 400–600 °C. At 400 °C, in addition to the occurrence of dynamic strain aging, the formation of short-range order was evidenced from the forbidden electron diffraction spot of 1/3 {422} in face-centered cubic(fcc) structure viewed down [111] zone axis, which facilitate the planar slip mode of dislocation and result in the work hardening during the fatigue deformation. The fatigue damage is mainly dominated by the accumulation of planar slip band and the interaction among various slip systems. With increasing temperature, precipitates of chi phase, Laves phase and sigma phase were formed during the fatigue tests at 500 and 600 °C. An increase in precipitation content at 600 °C has also been confirmed by both scanning electron microscope and small-angle neutron scattering analysis. The dislocation pileup originating from the uncoordinated deformation between precipitate and austenitic matrix is an important fatigue damage leading to crack. The continuous cycle softening behavior was also observed on the fatigue curve at 600 °C, which is considered to be caused by dynamic recovery.     

The characterization and interpretation of ductile fracture mechanisms in AL2024-T351 using X-ray and focused ion beam tomography

This paper describes an experimental investigation into the mechanism of ductile fracture in the aluminum alloy AL2024-T351 using a combination of synchrotron X-ray and focused ion beam tomography. Microstructural features that influence fracture at the micro- and nanoscale were characterized in virgin material in three-dimensions. The nature and volume fraction of ductile damage was then quantified as a function of distance below the fracture surfaces of tested notched and fatigue pre-cracked laboratory specimens. In both specimens the ductile fracture process initiates with the brittle fracture of large irregular intermetallic particles at low levels of plastic strain. With increasing plasticity, the resulting voids grow and combine with pre-existing porosity to increase the overall void volume fraction. Once a critical void volume fraction is attained, final failure occurs by the fracture or decohesion of dispersoids from the matrix, initiating a second population of nanoscale voids, which interlinks the larger voids. The critical void volume fraction for coalescence and the distribution of ductile damage below the fracture surface is markedly different between blunt-notched and pre-cracked specimens, with notched specimens exhibiting a significantly lower critical void volume fraction and a more extensive distribution of ductile damage below the fracture surface than is observed in pre-cracked specimens. This observation, related to the gradients in stress triaxiality and plastic strain in each specimen type, has important implications for the calibration of ductile damage mechanics models against notched-specimen data and their use to predict crack behavior in engineering structures.     

Structure of diffusion layers formed at liquid aluminum alloy-steel contact boundary

The microstructure and composition of diffusion layers that arise upon the spread of the liquid aluminum alloys AL5, AL9, AL852, and A7075 over the St3 steel has been investigated using optical and electron microscopy. The thermophysical conditions of the interaction of the melt with the substrate under which at the boundary of the substrate the plastic transition layer of iron-based solid solution improving quality of the coating is formed have been determined.     

Oxidation behaviour of the Mo–Si–B and Mo–Si–B–Al alloys in the temperature range of 700–1300 °C

The isothermal oxidation kinetics of molybdenum silicide based alloys with composition (in at.%) as 76Mo–14Si–10B (MSB), 77Mo–12Si–8B–3Al (MSB3AL), and 73.4Mo–11.2Si–8.1B–7.3Al (MSB7.3AL) processed by reaction hot pressing of elemental powders, have been investigated in the temperature range of 700–1300 °C in dry air for 24 h. The microstructures of all the alloys have shown the presence of α-Mo, Mo₃Si, Mo₅SiB₂ and SiO₂ or α-Al₂O₃ phases. The oxidation kinetics and the resulting scale characteristics depend on the alloy composition and temperature of exposure. While all the three alloys show unabated loss of mass causing pest disintegration at 700 °C, the MSB3AL and MSB7.3AL alloys undergo large mass loss in the range of 800–900 °C as well. The loss in mass has been attributed primarily to volatilization of MoO₃ as well as spallation. The oxide scales formed in the range of 700–800 °C show SiO₂ and MoO₃, while those formed at 900 °C or above contain Mo, MoO₂ and SiO₂. In addition, α-Al₂O₃ or mullite has been found in the oxide scales of MSB3AL and MSB7.3AL alloys. The oxidation resistance of the Mo–Si–B alloys can be enhanced in the range of 700–800 °C by pre-oxidation treatment at 1150 °C to form a protective scale of B₂O₃–SiO₂.