小户型住宅的舒适性设计分析

本文在探讨小户型住宅内涵的基础上,从小户型住宅的布局、空间可变性、室内空间设计、以人为本的设计理念及复合性设计等方面,分析了小户型住宅的舒适性设计的要点。     

基于居住主体需求的中小户型住宅设计研究

通过对中小户型居住主体居住需求及生活方式的调研分析,总结出中小户型住宅设计的空间适应性原则、室内环境舒适性原则、居住空间个性化原则、公共配套设施完备的原则,提出中小户型住宅的设计方法.     

城市中小户型住宅设计及发展探析

随着城市土地资源的日趋紧张,住房价格持续攀升,具有基本功能、交通便捷、配套设施齐全的中小户型住宅成为越来越多工薪阶层的选择。为适应城市多种人群的居住需求,中小户型住宅的设计需要遵循经济性、适应性、紧凑性、舒适性、多样性的原则,通过优化设计方案进行功能分区,利用多用方式减少无效空间,提高房屋空间的利用率,并积极采用新技术、新方法丰厚中小户型住宅的设计,从而为人们创造出具有良好品质的住宅。     

小户型住宅内部空间设计初探

在“小户型”住宅已成为主力户型的背景下，本文论述了“小户型”住宅内部空间设计的基本原则。提出“小户型”住宅内部空间设计要坚持创新理念、以人为本、功能为先，并结合实例。就如何以小见大，提高有限空间的利用效率，打造出品质较高、实用性强、舒适性好的“小户型”住宅进行了探讨。     

浅析错层式小户型的空间合理化设计

近年来,我国的住宅建筑空间设计发生了很大变化,小户型住宅逐渐成为现代普通市民青睐的对象。错层式小户型住宅设计成为现代住宅建筑设计的一张王牌,是因为其人性化的内部设计最大限度地满足了人们对立体生活的追求,通过"小面积、大空间"改变传统的城市小户型住宅设计,使人们的居住空间错落有致,功能空间分配合理,并对私人空间的私密性和舒适性进行完善。     

探析小户型的储物空间设计

<正>随着小户型住宅的备受关注和热销,如何最大限度的利用小户型的空间也是小户型室内设计的热门话题。通过对小户型的储物空间设计的分析,强调小户型的储物空间应以居住者的生活内容为设计依据,和空间设计充分结合,提高住宅的使用价值和营造舒适的家居环境。绪论小户型的发展将成为中国住宅发展的趋势,基于我国的发展中国     

浅议中小户型住宅精细化设计

随着市场经济的快速发展,生活水平的不断提高,居民需求的多元化,人们对住宅的人性化、舒适性以及细节处理上的要求也越来越高,住宅设计精细化的趋势越来越明显,本文从中小户型住宅建筑设计入手,提出如何在规划设计、建筑单体设计、室内空间布置等方面做好中小户型住宅设计,并指出在新的政策形势下建筑师应当注重对中小户型住宅进行精细化设计,力求设计出舒适、健康、高质量的现代居民住宅环境。     

小户型住宅视觉开阔感的营造

小户型住宅在我国现代化进程中倍受青睐,其居住主体大多为单身青年和年轻夫妻家庭,不仅有投资方面的优势,更体现了青年人追求高效舒适和简约时尚的生活方式。文章从空间的几何构成方面分析如何使小户型住宅最大限度地克服自身局限性,使住户获得开阔舒适的空间体验。     

如何提高小户型建筑的实用与舒适性

小户型住宅是房地产的主力军之一,但因其面积的限制性很强,就对小户型住宅的设计有着很大的制约。本文将重点放在了小户型住宅设计方案的完善上,强调其实用性和舒适性的要求,从小户型住宅的特点入手,详细分析了制约小户型住宅设计的因素,并为相关设计人员提供建议。     

小户型住宅的实用与舒适的设计探讨

在房地产的不断发展中,小户型受到了广泛的关注,成为房地产行业的主力军,得到了人们的青睐。本文以杭州江南春城的庭院深深为例,分析了小户型住宅的实用性和舒适性的设计要求,目的是为小户型住宅的设计提供指导和借鉴,进而为小户型的发展起到促进作用,并为人们生活质量的提高奠定坚实的基础和保证。     

Thermal comfort in transitional spaces—basic concepts: literature review and trial measurement

Current thermal comfort research extensively documents various aspects of the human thermal response to stable environmental conditions. Reviews of recent research on outdoor comfort, however, reveals a lack of information on response to conditions in transitional spaces—those areas that are influenced by outdoor climate, yet are architecturally bounded by a building. In this work, we focused on transitional space as a space in between outdoor and indoor. Transitional spaces were organized into three categories depending on their proximity to interior spaces. Pilot measurements of physical variables were taken in six places. Transitional spaces’ physical environments varied by the space type and architectural characteristics. The typical behaviors observed were walking, standing, and sitting —different and varied compared to the sedentary behavior in offices or homes. The most efficient architectural shape of transitional spaces is related to the corresponding regional climatic condition. It was verified that PMV cannot be used for transitional space thermal comfort predictions because of its unstable and dynamic physical and MET value.     

长春地区高校教学建筑交往空间冬季热舒适性研究

文中对吉林建筑大学公共教学楼交往空间冬季的热舒适性进行了实际的测试与模拟研究,并且根据其空间热舒适性的现状做出了优化策略的研究和验证,以期望改善交往空间的热舒适性。     

Low carbon heating and older adults: comfort,cosiness and glow

Policies to decarbonize heat provision involve the diffusion of low carbon thermal technologies (e.g. ground-source heat pumps and wood pellet boilers). In domestic buildings, such efforts presume the compatibility of novel technologies with practices of home-making, in terms of comfort, cosiness and sociability. However, research on engagement with low carbon technologies post-installation is limited, particularly with older adults, a growing social group in an ageing society. This study explores how older adults living with low carbon thermal technologies represent thermal comfort, drawing on in-depth interviews in diverse UK home environments (owner-occupied and rented; extra-care, sheltered and care homes; urban and rural). Findings indicate that cosiness and glow are highly valued by and for older adults, and achieved in diverse ways that may run counter to policy goals. In owner-occupied, rural homes, wood-burning stoves were retained after installation of under-floor heating/heat pumps to provide a visible glow and hospitality to guests. In care homes, fake fireplaces provide cosiness and glow without compromising concerns about risk. The research suggests that presumed emissions savings from the deployment of low carbon heating technologies may be overestimated, as home-making practices lead to the supplementing of these devices to provide comfort, cosiness and sociability.     

Thermal comfort and use of thermostats in Finnish homes and offices

Thermal comfort and use of thermostats in homes and office rooms were examined by a quantitative interview survey with a nationally representative sample in Finland. The total number of respondents was 3094. The results show that thermal comfort levels are lower in offices than in homes. People feel cold and hot more often in offices than in homes during both the winter and summer seasons. The perceived control over room temperature is remarkably low in offices. Higher thermal comfort levels and perceived control in homes are supported by greater adaptive opportunities. In offices people have fewer opportunities to control the thermal environment, people deal worse with thermostats, and people have lower opportunities to adapt to different thermal environments.     

基于室外热舒适的寒地教学组团形态设计策略

立足寒地城乡地域特征,修正室外热舒适预测指标,分析寒地高校教学楼组团形态对室外热舒适的影响并提出 优化设计策略,改善寒地室外热舒适性能。基于寒地校园热环境实测数据修正室外热舒适预测指标,通过模拟实验提 出基于室外热舒适的组团形态设计策略。当D/H=2.50 时,教学楼组团室外热舒适和空间感受较好;L 型围合式和三 面围合式是兼顾室外热舒适、节能和空间需求的较优组团形式。室外热舒适评价指标需结合地域特征进行修正,设计 者可通过优化教学楼组团形态改善寒地高校室外热舒适水平。     

An experimental technique for thermal comfort comparison in a transient pull down

Various types of spaces are controlled for maintaining a desired comfort-condition level. Examples include buildings, automobiles, airplanes, and trains. The steady-state or longer-duration HVAC control is well established. However, situations are encountered where a rapid march towards a thermal space comfort level is required such as in the parked automobiles or in buildings where thermal mass is utilized for conserving energy. Many times design changes are proposed to improve the transient pull down in one zone but that could significantly affect the transient pull down in another zone. Further, in addition to the temperature, other parameters such as air velocity, mean radiant temperature, humidity need to be considered for assessing space comfort level. In our work we have developed an experimental technique for the multi-zone or comparative assessment of thermal comfort in a transient pull-down situations. First, the fan and system curves were developed for the competing designs. The predicted mean vote (PMV) methodology was employed for determining perceived comfort level. PMV is an ideal technique since it accounts for all of the above-mentioned parameters that are needed to assess space comfort level. Using an indoor climate analyzer, the transient PMV response at various locations was obtained. Conclusions are drawn to illustrate how this technique can be utilized for the simultaneous assessment of thermal comfort level in multiple zones, especially when transient pull downs are encountered.     

高密度人流开放空间降温与遮阳设计的研究

现代城市开放空间中,高密度的人流和极端炎热的天气往往造成其使用舒适度降低,有必要通过场地降温设计改善城市高密度人流开放空间的环境舒适度。以世博会场地这一典型的高密度人流开放空间为例,研究场地降温与遮阳设计。研究基于对人体舒适度模型的分析,通过对影响人体舒适度的4个因子的比较,采用低压雾喷降温设备,并结合场地遮阳设施进行合理的布局和设计,可有效改善场地使用人群的体感舒适度,达到高密度人流开放空间的人性化使用。     

Thermal comfort in care homes: vulnerability,responsibility and ‘thermal care’

Care homes are a distinctive setting for the management of thermal comfort due to the expectations involving the provision of both a home environment and caring service. Based on six UK case studies, the care home setting is investigated for how owners, managers and staff understand thermal needs and how their management of thermal comfort is shaped. The core function of good quality care is understood as closely related to the provision of thermal comfort. The association between ‘old and cold' and the obligations that follow for the provision of care are deeply entrenched in activities: such as the provision of hot drinks, use of blankets and the non-stop operation of heating systems. The responsibility for the provision of ‘thermal care' for residents is challenging and complicated by the diversity of people living (and working) together, their occupation of communal spaces, and the interactions between the means of providing thermal comfort and physical safety. The wider implications are identified for the uptake of sustainable technology, patterns of thermal-related vulnerability and, most significantly, for how the ethics, agency and relationality of thermal care provision are to be understood. Future research needs and directions are considered.     

Indoor thermal environment and energy saving for urban residential buildings in China

The purpose of this survey is to investigate the actual conditions of the residential indoor thermal environment in urban areas in China for evaluating thermal comfort and predicting the energy conservation feasibility for space heating and cooling.The apartment homes under investigation were located in the urban areas of nine major cities. The questionnaire survey revealed building characteristics, the types of space heating and cooling system in use, aspects of life style, during winter and summer seasons, and so on. The measurement showed that winter indoor temperatures in Harbin, Urumqi, Beijing and Xi’an remain at a relatively stable level near 20 °C due to the central heating system installed. However in the other cities lacking central heating systems, indoor temperatures fluctuated as a function of the change of outdoor temperature. On the other hand, summer indoor evening temperatures in Shanghai, Changsha, Chongqing and Hong Kong were higher than the comfort zone of ASHRAE. Therefore it is expected that energy use for space heating and cooling in the southern China will increase in the near future because of occupants’ requirement for comfortable indoor environment. Based on the results yielded by this study, in Beijing the calculation of space heating and cooling loads indicated that the energy used to heat indoor spaces can be halved by installing thermal insulation and properly sealing the building.     

Dwelling performance and adaptive summer comfort in low-income Australian households

Increasing reliance on air-conditioning to improve summertime comfort in dwellings results in higher energy bills, peak electricity demand and environmental issues. In pursuit of social equity, society needs to develop ways of improving cooling that are less reliant on air-conditioning. Designing homes to emphasize adaptive thermal comfort can reduce this reliance, particularly when combined with improved dwelling thermal performance. A multi-method evaluation of 10 low-income dwellings in the state of Victoria in Australia is presented, including low-energy and ‘standard-performance’ houses. The combination of performance monitoring and householder interviews reveals new insights for achieving summertime comfort. The low-energy houses without air-conditioning were both measured and perceived as more comfortable than the ‘standard-performance’ houses with air-conditioning. The low-energy households achieved improved personal thermal comfort through a combination of improved fabric performance augmented with adaptive comfort activities (e.g., opening/closing windows). This outcome reduces reliance on air-conditioning, reduces living costs and energy consumption, and improves environmental outcomes. There is a need to integrate lessons from adaptive thermal comfort theory and strategies into minimum building performance requirements and standards, as well as wider design strategies. It is evident that adaptive comfort has a role to play in a transition to a low-carbon housing future.