A novel method for automatic modulation recognition

Automatic recognition of the digital modulation plays an important role in various applications. This paper investigates the design of an accurate system for recognition of digital modulations. First, it is introduced an efficient pattern recognition system that includes two main modules: the feature extraction module and the classifier module. Feature extraction module extracts a suitable combination of the higher order moments up to eighth, higher order cumulants up to eighth and instantaneous characteristics of digital modulations. These combinations of the features are applied for the first time in this area. In the classifier module, two important classes of supervised classifiers, i.e., multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network and hierarchical multi-class support vector machine based classifier are investigated. By experimental study, we choose the best classifier for recognition of the considered modulations. Then, we propose a hybrid heuristic recognition system that an optimization module is added to improve the generalization performance of the classifier. In this module we have used a new optimization algorithm called Bees Algorithm. This module optimizes the classifier design by searching for the best value of the parameters that tune its discriminant function, and upstream by looking for the best subset of features that feed the classifier. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid intelligent technique has very high recognition accuracy even at low levels of SNR with a little number of the features.     

Blind digital modulation classification in software radio using the optimized classifier and feature subset selection

Automatic recognition of digital modulations plays an important role in various applications such as software defined radio. This study investigates the design of an accurate system for recognition of digital modulations. First, an efficient system is introduced that includes two main modules: the feature extraction module and the classifier module. First module extracts a suitable combination of the higher order moments up to eighth, higher order cumulants up to eighth and instantaneous characteristics of digital modulations. These features are applied for the first time in this area. In the classifier module, several supervised classifiers, such as multilayer perceptron neural network, radial basis function and multi-class support vector machine based classifier are investigated. By experimental study, we choose the best classifier for recognition of the considered modulations. Then, we propose a hybrid heuristic recognition system to which an optimization module is added to improve the generalization performance of the classifier. This module optimizes the classifier design by searching for the best value of the parameters that tune its discriminant function (kernel parameters selection) and upstream by looking for the best subset of features that feed the classifier. Simulation results show that the proposed system has a very high recognition accuracy. This high efficiency is achieved with little features, which have been selected using particle swarm optimizer.     

基于SAE和GNDO-SVM的脑电信号情绪识别

情感计算是现代人机交互中的关键问题, 随着人工智能的发展, 基于脑电信号(electroencephalogram, EEG)的情绪识别已经成为重要的研究方向. 为了提高情绪识别的分类精度, 本研究引入堆叠自动编码器(stacked auto-encoder, SAE)对EEG多通道信号进行深度特征提取, 并提出一种基于广义正态分布优化的支持向量机(generalized normal distribution optimization based support vector machine, GNDO-SVM)情绪识别模型. 实验结果表明, 与基于遗传算法、粒子群算法和麻雀搜索算法优化的支持向量机模型相比, 所提出的GNDO-SVM模型具有更优的分类性能, 基于SAE深度特征的情感识别准确率达到了90.94%, 表明SAE能够有效地挖掘EEG信号不同通道间的深度相关性信息. 因此, 利用SAE深度特征结合GNDO-SVM模型可以有效地实现EEG信号的情绪识别.     

An hybrid detection system of control chart patterns using cascaded SVM and neural network�Cbased detector

Early detection of unnatural control chart patterns (CCP) is desirable for any industrial process. Most of recent CCP recognition works are on statistical feature extraction and artificial neural network (ANN)-based recognizers. In this paper, a two-stage hybrid detection system has been proposed using support vector machine (SVM) with self-organized maps. Direct Cosine transform of the CCP data is taken as input. Simulation results show significant improvement over conventional recognizers, with reduced detection window length. An analogous recognition system consisting of statistical feature vector input to the SVM classifier is further developed for comparison.     

基于SVM的离线图像目标分类算法

目标分类是计算机视觉与模式识别领域的关键环节. SVM(支持向量机)是在统计学习理论基础上提出的一种新的机器学习方法.提出一种支持向量机结合梯度直方图特征的离线图像目标分类算法.首先对训练集进行预处理,然后对处理后的图片进行梯度直方图特征提取,最后通过训练得到可以检测图像目标的分类器.利用得到的分类器对测试图片进行测试,测试结果表明,对目标分类检测有良好的效果.     

A fast hybrid computer vision technique for real-time embedded bus passenger flow calculation through camera

Bus passenger flow calculation system is a critical part of the smart public transportation framework. Bus passenger flow information can help to make data statistics report of the passenger at a bus station which can be used by public transport operator to evaluate the quality of the transportation. Statistics report of crowded passengers in the bus station help managers to understand the bus transit operations, can provide the database for the intelligent transportation scheduling, help to provide more and better services for passengers, overall data statistics of passengers has important practical significance to improve public transport environment. This paper presents a passenger counting algorithm based on hybrid machine learning approach. In the first step, an advanced method is used to extract the Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) feature of passenger’s heads. Classification of head features is done by using support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier for the liner model. Heads are detected successfully after performing all steps. In next step Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) is used to reality head tracking, the multiple target tracking is achieved and the head motion trajectory of passenger target is captured stably. At last, the trajectory is analyzed and the automatic counting of bus passenger flow is realized. In the last step, the proposed algorithm is move to embedded system for practical implementation. In this paper, the algorithm intends to use ADSP-BF609 embedded platform for transplantation. The experimental results demonstrate that the statistical accuracy of the proposed algorithm is enhanced successfully; especially during the daytime with the good illustration, the effective counting of the passenger flow is achieved and the inward and outward passenger counting can be realized. In this paper three feature extraction models are used namely local binary patterns, histograms of oriented gradients and binarized statistical image in order to get accurate features. Furthermore, three common classification techniques including naïve bayes classifier, boosted tress and support vector machines are used for fine classification of extracted vectors obtained from different features extractors model. 94.50% accuracy is achieved when support vector machine (SVM) classifies the features extracted using Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). SVM surpasses the accuracy obtained by Boosted tree namely 81.30% using Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) features.

     

A modified hybrid neural network for pattern recognition and its application to SSW complex in EEG

In this study, a modified hybrid neural network with asymmetric basis functions is presented for feature extraction of spike and slow wave complexes in electroencephalography (EEG). Feature extraction process has a great importance in all pattern recognition and classification problems. A gradient descent algorithm, indeed a back propagation type, is adapted to the proposed artificial neural network. The performance of the proposed network is measured using a support vector machine classifier fed by features extracted using the proposed neural network. The results show that the proposed neural network model can effectively be used in pattern recognition tasks. In experiments, real EEG data are used.     

基于改进粒子群算法的最优特征子集研究

特征选择是模式识别系统的难点.针对高维数据对象,先运用改进粒子群优化(PSO)算法快速、有效地从特征样本中提取一组最优特征子集,然后采用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)分类器对最优特征子集进行分类,验证特征选择的好坏.经大量实验验证,在保证分类正确率的前提下,该方法有效提高了特征选择效率.     

基于保局投影的离线签名识别

针对离线签名识别中的特征提取问题,提出了一种基于保局投影的签名识别方法。该方法首先对签名图像进行形状特征、伪动态特征和纹理特征的提取;然后采用保局投影得到更具判别性的特征;最后运用支持向量机进行分类识别。实验表明该方法不但能有效地降低特征空间的维数,而且能使分类准确率得到显著提高。     

Electroencephalography‐based feature extraction using complex network for automated epileptic seizure detection

Electroencephalography signals are typically used for analyzing epileptic seizures. These signals are highly nonlinear and nonstationary, and some specific patterns exist for certain disease types that are hard to develop an automatic epileptic seizure detection system. This paper discussed statistical mechanics of complex networks, which inherit the characteristic properties of electroencephalography signals, for feature extraction via a horizontal visibility algorithm in order to reduce processing time and complexity. The algorithm transforms a time series signal into a complex network, which some features are abbreviated. The statistical mechanics are calculated to capture distinctions pertaining to certain diseases to form a feature vector. The feature vector is classified by multiclass classification via a k‐nearest neighbor classifier, a multilayer perceptron neural network, and a support vector machine with a 10‐fold cross‐validation criterion. In performance evaluation of proposed method with healthy, seizure‐free interval, and seizure signals, firstly, input data length is regarded among some practical signal samples by optimizing between accuracy‐processing time, and the proposed method yields outstanding performance on the average classification accuracy for 3‐class problems mainly for detection of seizure‐free interval and seizure signals and acceptable results for 2‐class and 5‐class problems comparing with conventional methods. The proposed method is another tool that can be used for classifying signal patterns, as an alternative to time/frequency analyses.     

基于ACO-FS-SVM特征选择加权的网络入侵分类方法

特征选择和分类器设计是网络入侵分类的关键,为了提高网络入侵分类率,针对特征选择问题,提出一种蚁群算法优化SVM选择和加权特征的网络入侵分类方法.首先利用支持向量机的分类精度和特征子集维数加权构造了综合适应度指标,然后利用蚁群算法的全局寻优和多次优解搜索能力实现特征子集搜索;然后选择网络数据的关键特征,计算信息增益获得各个特征权重,并根据特征权重构建加权支持向量机的网络入侵分类器;最后设计了局部细化搜索方式,使得特征选择结果不含冗余特征的同时提高了算法的收敛性,并通过KDD1999数据集验证了算法有效性.结果表明,ACO-SVM有效降低了特征维数,提高了网络入侵检测正确率和检测速度.     

Forest optimization algorithm-based feature selection using classifier ensemble

Features selection is the process of choosing the relevant subset of features from the high-dimensional dataset to enhance the performance of the classifier. Much research has been carried out in the present world for the process of feature selection. Algorithms such as Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree, and genetic algorithm are applied to the high-dimensional dataset to select the relevant features and also to increase the computational speed. The proposed model presents a solution for selection of features using ensemble classifier algorithms. The proposed algorithm is the combination of minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR) and forest optimization algorithm (FOA). Ensemble-based algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and NB is further used to enhance the performance of the classifier algorithm. The mRMR-FOA is used to select the relevant features from the various datasets and 21% to 24% improvement is recorded in the feature selection. The ensemble classifier algorithms further improves the performance of the algorithm and provides accuracy of 96%.     

基于手势特征融合的操作动作识别

针对动态复杂场景下的操作动作识别,提出一种基于手势特征融合的动作识别框架,该框架主要包含RGB视频特征提取模块、手势特征提取模块与动作分类模块。其中RGB视频特征提取模块主要使用I3D网络提取RGB视频的时间和空间特征;手势特征提取模块利用Mask R-CNN网络提取操作者手势特征;动作分类模块融合上述特征,并输入到分类器中进行分类。在EPIC-Kitchens数据集上,提出的方法识别抓取手势的准确性高达89.63%,识别综合动作的准确度达到了74.67%。     

重叠特征策略与参数优化的运动想象脑电模式识别

针对运动想象脑电信号的非线性、非平稳特性,提出重叠特征策略与参数优化方法.通过重叠频带滤波(OFB)进行预处理,在滤波后的信号上提取共同空间模式特征(CSP).将OFB-CSP特征输入鲁棒支持矩阵机,完成模式识别,在模式识别中通过校正粒子群算法(CPSO)动态调整被试个体最优参数.在两个公开数据集上进行实验,分别验证OFB预处理可提升CSP特征区分度,CPSO可为个体寻找最优的鲁棒支持矩阵机分类参数.文中方法提升运动想象识别率,样本和计算资源需求较小,适合脑机接口的实际应用.     

全局和局部特征相融合的人脸识别算法

为了进一步提高特征提取效率和人脸识别正确率,提出一种融合全局和局部特征的人脸识别算法。引入局部散度矩阵和全局散度矩阵,两者分别表征样本的全局特征和局部特征;基于同类样本尽可能的紧密而异类样本尽可能远离的事实,构造最优化问题,采用支持向量机建立人脸分类器,并通过仿真实验测试算法的性能。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅提高了人脸识别正确率,而且提高了人脸识别效率。     

基于粗糙集和改进鲸鱼优化算法的特征选择方法

随着互联网和物联网技术的发展,数据的收集变得越发容易。但是,高维数据中包含了很多冗余和不相关的特征,直接使用会徒增模型的计算量,甚至会降低模型的表现性能,故很有必要对高维数据进行降维处理。特征选择可以通过减少特征维度来降低计算开销和去除冗余特征,以提高机器学习模型的性能,并保留了数据的原始特征,具有良好的可解释性。特征选择已经成为机器学习领域中重要的数据预处理步骤之一。粗糙集理论是一种可用于特征选择的有效方法,它可以通过去除冗余信息来保留原始特征的特性。然而,由于计算所有的特征子集组合的开销较大,传统的基于粗糙集的特征选择方法很难找到全局最优的特征子集。针对上述问题,文中提出了一种基于粗糙集和改进鲸鱼优化算法的特征选择方法。为避免鲸鱼算法陷入局部优化,文中提出了种群优化和扰动策略的改进鲸鱼算法。该算法首先随机初始化一系列特征子集,然后用基于粗糙集属性依赖度的目标函数来评价各子集的优劣,最后使用改进鲸鱼优化算法,通过不断迭代找到可接受的近似最优特征子集。在UCI数据集上的实验结果表明,当以支持向量机为评价所用的分类器时,文中提出的算法能找到具有较少信息损失的特征子集,且具有较高的分类精度。因此,所提算法在特征选择方面具有一定的优势。     

基于粒子群优化核主元分析的轴承状态识别

轴承状态识别的准确率与特征提取紧密相关,而特征提取对轴承状态识别显得尤为重要.因时频域的各个特征对不同程度的故障信号敏感度各不相同,特征提取不当将会造成状态识别准确率下降.针对上述问题提出粒子群优化(PSO)核主元分析(KPCA),并利用该方法对轴承的复合特征集进行特征提取,提取后的特征向量构成识别特征集,由优化的支持向量机识别分类.选用美国凯斯西储大学滚动轴承试验台的振动数据进行处理分析,通过3种实验方案进行验证.结果表明,提出的方法明显改善了轴承状态识别的准确率.     

基于音乐情感识别的舞台灯光控制方法研究

为了实现音乐情感识别的舞台灯光自动控制,需对音乐文件进行情感标记。针对人工情感标记效率低、速度慢的问题,开展了基于音乐情感识别的舞台灯光控制方法研究,提出了一种基于支持向量机和粒子群优化的音乐情感特征提取、分类和识别算法。首先以231首MIDI音乐文件为例,对平均音高、平均音强、旋律的方向等7种音乐基本特征进行提取并进行标准化处理;之后组成音乐情感特征向量输入支持向量机（SVM）多分类器,并利用改进的粒子群算法（PSO）优化分类器参数,建立标准音乐分类模型;最后设计灯光动作模型,将新的音乐文件通过离散情感模型与灯光动作相匹配,生成舞台灯光控制方法。实验结果表明了情感识别模型的有效性,与传统SVM多分类模型相比,明显提高了音乐情感的识别率,减少了测试时间,从而为舞台灯光设计人员提供合理参考。     

机器学习在网络路测质差小区分析中的应用

由于LTE网络数据量庞大而且种类繁多,人工路测分析已经无法满足当今对基于路测数据质差小区检测的需求.为了提高质差小区检测的效率与正确率,机器学习逐渐在质差小区检测中得到了应用.本文针对小区数量较少的路测数据,提出了一种基于距离的四维特征的质差小区检测方法.该方法采用聚类算法和人工判断相结合的方式对路测数据进行标定,对比分析了基于距离的四维特征和传统的两维特征的提取效果,并在逻辑回归分类器、决策树分类器、支持向量机分类器和k近邻分类器这4种分类器中进行分类.实验结果表明,基于距离的四维特征比传统的二维特征更有利于质差小区检测;使用四维特征进行分类,支持向量机分类器的效果最好.     

基于分形布朗运动和Ada Boosting的多类音频例子识别

提出了一种基于分形布朗运动的音频特征提取和识别方法．这种方法使用分形布朗运动模型计算出音频例子的分形维数，并作为其分形特征．针对音频分形特征符合高斯分布的特点，使用Ada Boosting算法进行特征约减．然后分别使用Ada-加权高斯分类器和支持向量机对约减特征后的音频分类，并在两类分类的基础上构造多类分类的模型．实验表明，经过特征约减后的音频分形特征在音乐和语音的分类中都优于其他音频特征．