Production control: Current developments and future trends

Manufacturing industry is going through a period of unprecedented change as a result of the developments in micro-electronic technology. This is bringing about a transformation not only in hardware, in the form of computer-aided manufacturing, but in the manner in which production is organised and controlled.It is in the latter connection that the present paper sets out to review current developments and future trends. In particular the machine readable bar-code is seen as a key element in extending computerised control to cover not only the machines, but tools, materials and parts and their movement in the development of fully integrated manufacturing systems.As the move towards automation gathers pace it is forecast that manufacturing industry will become more process industry like in form, with consequences for the way in which production is organised and controlled.Finally consideration is given to the manner in which these current developments in the field of production are giving rise to a structural alteration in industrial labour requirements in which, in the future, fewer people will be required but on highly enriched work tasks.     

DTN网络中PRoPHET路由协议的改进

对DTN网络中PRoPHET路由协议进行了改进,在采用基于效用值来选择DTN路由下一跳的同时,充分利用了临时簇内的端到端的连接.另外,当网络中发生了DTN拥塞时,把拥塞节点上紧急程度低的信息转移到临时簇的周围其它节点,然后传输紧急程度高的信息到拥塞节点.仿真结果表明,与DTN网络中路由协议PRoPHET相比,改进后的路由方法提高了数据包的成功发送率,降低了平均发送延时.     

应用于CSCW协同控制机制的分析与设计

基于因特网环境的CSCW中协同控制的研究,提出一个协同控制机制的概念模式,依此模式发展一个协同控制协议,实际应用于CSCW环境,使得在一个多用户信息共享环境中的群体合作能顺利进行,并增进了CSCW系统的协同程度和确保数据的一致性,发展成为一个可以应用于CSCW环境的协同控制协议.通过对该协同控制模式的研究结果,建立有实际应用目标的CSCW环境,推广到远程协作学习、协同设计、协同会诊、协同创作、群体决策等应用领域.     

The scope of digital image media in art education

In this case study of forms 7–9 in a Swedish school, the subject conceptions of and teaching practices in art subjects of schoolteachers and pupils are studied, in particular with regard to digital media. How the core content of a subject is conceived is compared to the importance of digital media in the teaching practice. For three years a class was followed whose teachers taught the pupils in both the art subject and in a local optional subject called Media. The method of triangulation involving participant observations, focus talks, interviews and questionnaires was employed in order to study the role of digital media in different subjects and their actual use by pupils. The results show that the school subject paradigm in the subject of art is chiefly connected to image production for developing aesthetic-practical skills. Traditional manual production is encouraged, thereby contributing to the limited use of digital media in the subject of art. Frame factors such as time and material also contribute to the limited use of digital media in the subject of art. Unlike the subject of art, the optional subject of media is conceived of more as a communication subject, and digital technology for image production is encouraged. In general, the use of digital media in the school is mainly guaranteed by the school's media plan. The role of the art subject is not prominent in this plan, but its teachers are active in implementing digital media in other contexts than within the framework of the art subject. In this study the representatives of the subject of art hardly used digital image processing at all in their teaching, but did so to a great extent in the optional subject of media. This made it clear that digital media in the subject of art in this school are not regarded as a prioritised media-specific competence. Offering and being able to provide a larger repertoire of digital media in the teaching of art could contribute to a change of the subject paradigm in a more clearly communicative than aesthetic-practical direction.     

日汉机器翻译中词的自动切分技术

本文阐述NDJCMT系统中词的自动切分技术, NDJCMT是我们实现的一个日汉机器翻译实验系统, 词的自动切分是日语词素分析、句法及语义分析的基础, 是一项日本语计算机信息处理的基础性研完课题, 它涉及对语言本身的研究。日语和汉语类似, 词及词之间无分隔符, 通常假名、汉字混写, 给词的切分造成了困难。作者根据日语的特点, 提出了一种“ 句节数最少” 词的自动切分方法, 使用语言编程且在一机上获得实现。     

Requirements for Computerized Patient Monitoring Systems

During the last decade, interest has increased in the use of computers in the delivery of health care services in the United States and Europe. One of the early applications of computers in clinical care was in intensive care units (ICU's) where computers were felt to be useful to nurses in monitoring the condition of these critically ill patients, and in alerting them to sudden changes in patient condition.     

我国电子政务信息安全及保障体系

本文从电子政务信息安全的基本内涵入手,以新的视角分析了当前电子政务信息安全的现状,以及威胁信息安全的因素,深入剖析了当前流行的威胁政务信息安全的主要手段,最后从技术、观念等多层面有针对性地提出了保障电子政务系统信息安全的具体设想与措施.     

Electroosmotic flows with simultaneous spatio-temporal modulations in zeta potential: cases of thick electrical double layers beyond the Debye Hückel limit

We devise a mathematical model for analyzing the effects of spatio-temporal perturbations in zeta potential on electroosmotic transport in narrow fluidic confinements, considering thick electrical double layer limits. The spatial perturbations in zeta potential may be attributed to surface charge patterning, either designed or manifested as a natural artifact of the surface inhomogeneities. The time-dependent variations in zeta potential, as considered in this work, may stem from the temporal perturbations in the bulk ionic concentrations in the end-channel reservoirs or ‘wells’. Overcoming the simplifications routinely employed in the literature, we develop here an improved analytical formalism, without imposing any constraints on the magnitude of the zeta potential. Using these solutions, we highlight the possibilities of obtaining designed rotationalities in the flow structure with simultaneous spatial variations in the zeta potential and temporal variations in the well concentrations. We show that such combinations of spatial and temporal variations, in effect, render the flow system to be capable of shedding vortex structures that are not otherwise obtainable with spatial variations in zeta potential alone.     

关联规则挖掘技术研究进展*

为帮助人们深入研究关联规则挖掘技术,总结了关联规则的分类方法、评价方法以及相关技术的最新进展,特别是对关联规则的主要算法进行了详细的介绍,并探讨未来的发展方向。该研究比较系统全面,对将来进一步深入分析关联规则挖掘技术具有指导意义。     

基于网络芯片功能验证效率的探析

讨论了分配问题匈牙利法在网络芯片功能验证中的应用,在建立了网络芯片模型的基础上提出验证需求,针对网络芯片验证的实际问题对匈牙利法进行了扩展和改进,提出了适应于分级流水芯片提高其功能验证效率的有效方式,改进后的匈牙利法具有更好的适用性。芯片验证结果证明了其可行性及其优越性。     

Increased synchrony with increase of a low-threshold calcium conductance in a model thalamic network: a phase-shift mechanism

A computer model of a thalamic network was used in order to examine the effects of an isolated augmentation in a low-threshold calcium current. Such an isolated augmentation has been observed in the reticular thalamic (RE) nucleus of the genetic absence epilepsy rat from the Strasbourg (GAERS) model of absence epilepsy. An augmentation of the low-threshold calcium conductance in the RE neurons (gTs) of the model thalamic network was found to lead to an increase in the synchronized firing of the network. This supports the hypothesis that the isolated increase in gTs may be responsible for epileptic activity in the GAERS rat. The increase of gTs in the RE neurons led to a slight increase in the period of the isolated RE neuron firing. In contrast, the low-threshold spike of the RE neuron remained relatively unchanged by the increase of gTs. This suggests that the enhanced synchrony in the network was primarily due to a phase shift in the firing of the RE neurons with respect to the thalamocortical neurons. The ability of this phase-shift mechanism to lead to changes in synchrony was further examined using the model thalamic network. A similar increase in the period of RE neuron oscillations was obtained through an increase in the conductance of the calcium-mediated potassium channel. This change was once again found to increase synchronous firing in the network.     

Syntactic Positions of Prepositional Phrases in the History of Chinese: Using the Developing Sheffield Corpus of Chinese for Diachronic Linguistic Studies

This paper reports the completion of the first expansion phaseof the Sheffield Corpus of Chinese (SCC). We describe the majorimprovements we made in expanding the corpus. They involve thecoverage of time periods, choice of text types and categories,and selection of individual texts; the mark up scheme and theintegral search and analysis tool. We use the developing SCCto examine Li and Thompson's; (1974, 1975, 1976) controversialpostverbal predominance hypothesis for prepositional phrases(PPs) in Archaic Chinese and their word order change hypothesisfor PPs in general in the history of the Chinese language. Ourstudy provides no evidence for the postverbal predominance hypothesisfor PPs in Archaic Chinese and the word order change hypothesisfor PPs in general from postverbal in Archaic Chinese to preverbalin Modern Chinese. Our findings show that postverbal and preverbalPPs have been in coexistence and there have always been moreoccurrences of preverbal PPs than postverbal PPs in all thetime periods covered in the current SCC. Although use of somePPs declined in some time periods and use of others emergedin other time periods, there was never a predominant positionfor PPs in any time period in the history of Chinese. We showdifferences in the distribution of PPs in different time periodsand provide an account of the syntactic positions of PPs inthose time periods.     

在结构与随机扰动下的大系统的稳定性

在本文中,我们给出了在结构与随机扰动下的动态大系统的稳定性分析,建立了这类大系统的依概率吸引性,依概率一致有界性,依概率大范围渐近稳定性,p吸引性,一致p有界性,和大范围渐近p稳定性的结论。这些结论的假设是由孤立子系统和与其联系的李亚普诺夫函数,受扰系统的结构和作用在子系统上的随机扰动表出的。     

RAID控制器中磁盘接口控制器流水线设计与实现

在研究磁盘接口功能和现有磁盘接口设计的基础上,提出了一种带四级流水的磁盘接口设计模型,并对该模型实现过程中的模块间通信问题和模块间缓冲管理问题进行了相应的分析和设计。通过FPGA仿真与实验结果表明,在各种情况下,磁盘接口的吞吐率都有提高,在高写请求率和重负载两种情况下尤为显著。     

Methods of system development in Finland

Interest in the use of different methodologies, methods and tools for information systems analysis and design has been increasing for the last decade in Finland. This has resulted in the founding of a special interest group in systems analysis and design within the Finnish Data Procesing Association and in its making a survey of the methods and tools in use in Finland in 1980. This survey was in the form of a questionnaire mailed to the company members of the association. The results of the survey show a wide use of different tools in the design and implementation of information systems. In the analysis phase, there seems to be a need for more and better methods and tools. In 1980 several companies began to use new methodologies, methods and tools in the field; the most common are: the Swedish ISAC, Jackson's JSP, and the data dictionary.     

惯性系统的时域在线辨识

给出二阶惯性系统阶跃响应斜率和幅值在幅值拐点处的时域表达式及其矩形脉冲响应幅值在其极大值点处的时域表达式,三阶惯性系统阶跃响应斜率在响应的二阶导数极大值点处、阶跃响应幅值在其拐点处和矩形脉冲响应斜率在响应二阶导数极小值点处的时域表达式,并找到了一种在时域辨识一阶、二阶和三阶惯性系统的方法．实测结果表明,该方法简便、可靠,测试精度高．     

An evaluation study of the use of a cognitive tool in a one-to-one classroom for promoting classroom-based dialogic interaction

An evaluation study was conducted to investigate the effect of the use of a computer-supported cognitive tool (CT) in the one-to-one classroom setting on student engagement, attainment and perceptions in learning common fractions. Two Primary 4 classes with 68 students participated in this study based on 11 teaching sessions lasting 455 min in total. The students in the experimental group learned the target topic with the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom, while the students in the control group learned the target topic under the traditional teaching approach. The results of a time allocation analysis showed that the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom enhanced student engagement in terms of time-on-task for learning exploration during class time. The results of the post-attainment test indicated that students in the experimental group performed better than those in the control group. Moreover, the questionnaire survey results indicated that students liked to learn the target topic with the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom. This study reveals the potential of the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom to promote classroom-based dialogic interaction in mathematics lessons. It also implies a need for a longitudinal study to investigate suitable pedagogical designs for the use of CT for promoting knowledge transfer in learning challenging mathematics topics.     

Analysis of Vegetation Changes in Fujian Province Using MODIS EVI Time Series Data (2000~2017)

Fujian province has the highest forest coverage rate in China for decades, which has played an important role in maintaining a good ecosystem quality in southeastern China. This study conducted an investigate aiming to find out the spatial and temporal changes of the vegetation status in Fujian and the impact factor involving in the vegetation growth during the period from 2000 to 2017, using the summer data of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product, associated with meteorological and non-meteorological data. The results showed that the mean EVI of Fujian rose as a whole during the 17 study years, from 0.454 in 2000 to 0.505 in 2017, increased by 11.2% in the period. This indicates that the overall vegetation status in Fujian has been improved, especially in, south and west parts of the province, while eastern coastal areas have shown decrease in vegetation coverage. Correlation analysis showed that during the study period, meteorological factors (temperature and precipitation) had no significant impact on the provincial EVI change, and the improvement of the vegetation status mainly due to non-meteorological factors. Both the construction of the ecological province in Fujian starting in 2003 and the soil erosion treatment starting in 2012 have strong relationships with vegetation increase. The increase of forest coverage rate and the decrease of soil erosion area have contributed significantly to the enhancement of Fujian’s EVI in the past 17 years.     

Ergonomics evaluation of modified industrial helmets for use in tropical environments

Hotness, weight, fitting problems etc., have been found to be the chief causes of the unpopularity of industrial safety helmets in tropical environments in developing countries (DC). Some selected safety helmets manufactured in industrialized countries (IC) were modified to provide extra head ventilation and to reduce weight, in order to make them more acceptable to users in hot environments. The modified helmets were subjected to ergonomics evaluation both objectively and subjectively in the laboratory (in simulated tropical conditions) as well as in the field situation. There was evidence that white helmets had some advantages in comfort, viz. reduction of hotness, compared to the other colours, e.g. red, green etc., when worn in the presence of radiant heat in the laboratory. Ventilation holes provided at the top of the shell seemed to reduce the greenhouse effect within the helmet shell which therefore felt less uncomfortable than a fully covered helmet. Even with a small reduction of weight, such as 45 g in helmets weighing about 350g, the difference in weight was perceived by the wearers. In adapting helmets made in IC for use in tropical climates, head ventilation and low weight perception are important aspects in comfort which need to be considered. In addition to low cost, a harness material suitable for sweat absorption is required. Adjustability and sizing to fit 90% of the user population also needs to be considered in the design and manufacture of safety helmets for people in DC.     

Learning style analysis in adaptive GBL application to teach SQL

The benefits derived from delivering learning content in ways that match the student's learning style have been identified in classroom learning and eLearning. Although there is limited empirical evidence in adaptive Games-Based Learning (GBL), adaptivity has been identified to have the potential to improve learning effectiveness. This paper presents the results of a study to investigate the use of learning styles in GBL particularly in identifying the learning style in GBL including the learning style's fluctuation during the learning process. For the purposes of this study, a game with two game modes was developed: 1) non-adaptivity mode and 2) a mode that had an in-game adaptive system that dynamically and continuously adapted its contents according to the student's interactions in the game. In both modes, the interactions between the participants and the game were recorded in a database. The study was performed with 60 students in Higher Education. The results show that the learning style identified by using a learning style questionnaire is not always consistent with the learning style identified in the game. The results also show the learning style fluctuates during the learning process in GBL although there is a tendency for participants to choose the same learning style as the learning style identified outside the game in the first mission of the game. The number of mistakes committed by participants has been identified to have a strong correlation to the fluctuation. The results contribute to the body of empirical evidence in adaptive GBL particularly in identifying the learning style fluctuation in GBL and the paper provides recommendations on the use of adaptivity in GBL to accommodate this fluctuation.