CrSiN纳米复合薄膜的摩擦学性能

采用中频非平衡反应磁控溅射技术在单晶硅P(111)基材上制备了CrSiN纳米复合薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、Kevex能谱仪(EDX)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和纳米压痕仪对薄膜的相结构、化学成分组成和力学性能进行了测试分析。利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机(UMT-2)考察了薄膜和GCr15钢球对磨的摩擦学性能并采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察磨痕形貌。结果表明:CrN薄膜中Si元素的掺杂改变了薄膜晶体结构,所制备的CrSiN复合薄膜为多相复合结构,即nc-CrN/aSi3N4所组成的纳米晶/非晶复合结构。CrSiN纳米复合薄膜的力学性能均优于CrN薄膜,其硬度均高于CrN薄膜的硬度,其中Si原子数分数为12.6%时薄膜的硬度达到最大,对应纳米晶/非晶复合强化。CrSiN纳米复合薄膜的摩擦因数低于CrN薄膜,具有很好的抗磨损性能,并具有一定的润滑作用。     

含硅无氢非晶碳基薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

为了研究Si掺杂对无氢非晶碳基薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用直流磁控溅射技术在单晶硅和304不锈钢基底上沉积不同Si含量的无氢非晶碳基薄膜。采用SEM、Raman光谱、纳米压痕仪等分析手段对薄膜的成分、结构和力学性能进行表征。利用球盘式往复摩擦试验机测试薄膜在无润滑条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:Si掺杂能降低薄膜内应力和促进sp3杂化,高于10%的Si原子导致薄膜硬度增加。在不同湿度条件下,Si掺杂并未明显影响溅射无氢非晶碳基薄膜的摩擦因数;相反,含Si薄膜在不同测试条件下都具有较高的磨损速率。薄膜磨损速率随相对湿度增加而减小,随Si含量增加而增加;高Si含量薄膜在低湿度条件下具有明显不稳定的摩擦因数和显著增加的磨损速率。这意味着在设计和发展性能优异的无氢非晶碳基摩擦学涂层时,应充分考虑Si掺杂导致的性能损失。     

Effect of bias voltage on microstructure and properties of Ti-doped graphite-like carbon films synthesized by magnetron sputtering

Ti-doped graphite-like carbon (GLC) films with different microstructures and compositions were fabricated using magnetron sputtering technique. The influence of bias voltages on microstructure, hardness, internal stress, adhesion strength and tribological properties of the as-deposited GLC films were systemically investigated. The results showed that with increasing bias voltage, the graphite-like structure component (sp² bond) in the GLC films increased, and the films gradually became much smoother and denser. The nanohardness and compressive internal stress increased significantly with the increase of bias voltage up to −300 V and were constant after −400 V. GLC films deposited with bias voltages in the range of -300--400 V exhibited optimum adhesion strength with the substrates. Both the friction coefficients and the wear rates of GLC films in ambient air and water decreased with increasing voltages in the lower bias range (0--300 V), however, they were constant for higher bias values (beyond −300 V) . In addition, the wear rate of GLC films under water-lubricated condition was significantly higher for voltages below −300 V but lower at high voltage than that under dry friction condition. The excellent tribological performance of Ti-doped GLC films prepared at higher bias voltages of −300--400 V are attributed to their high hardness, tribo-induced lubricating top-layers and planar (2D) graphite-like structure.     

高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备纳米复合高熵碳化物(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x)薄膜EI北大核心CSCD

高熵碳化物薄膜的脆性限制了其在高承载、长周期服役条件下的应用。精细设计的纳米复合结构可以在不损失薄膜强度前提下显著提高薄膜的韧性。采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术制备以非晶为基体连续相,以碳化物陶瓷相为分散相的非晶-晶体的高熵碳化物(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x)薄膜,研究不同C_(2)H_(2)气体流量(F_(C))对薄膜成分、结构、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。采用能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析薄膜的成分、形貌、结构及各元素的化学状态,进一步采用纳米压痕以及球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的硬度、模量和摩擦磨损性能进行表征。结果表明,随着乙炔气体流量的增加,薄膜中碳含量逐渐增加,结构从非晶转变为非晶-晶体的纳米复合结构。纳米复合结构薄膜的硬度随着乙炔流量的增加逐渐增加,这是因为薄膜中生成大量碳化物陶瓷相,薄膜硬度最高为20 GPa。纳米复合薄膜呈现优异的摩擦学性能,在F_(C)=3 mL/min时,薄膜的摩擦性能达到最优,其磨损量为2.9×10^(-6)mm^(3)/Nm。综上,采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术可以精细调控薄膜结构,制备出强韧一体化、耐磨减摩的纳米复合结构(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x)薄膜。     

类富勒烯/非晶多层碳膜的制备及性能

针对碳基薄膜存在的高应力问题,利用单极脉冲等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在单晶硅衬底上制备了含氢类富勒烯/非晶层交替构成的类金刚石多层膜。采用高分辨透射电子显微镜和激光拉曼光谱仪分析了多层膜的结构特征;用X射线光电子能谱分析了薄膜的化学键状态;用纳米压痕仪测定了薄膜的硬度和弹性模量;在CSM往复式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了薄膜在大气下的摩擦学性能,同时比较了多层膜与非晶、类富勒烯薄膜的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:多层膜的硬度高于非晶和类富勒烯单层薄膜,达到28.78GPa;在大气环境下与Si3N4球对摩时平均摩擦因数略低于类富勒烯单层膜,耐磨性明显优于单层非晶和类富勒烯薄膜。     

Comparison in mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-W-N and Cr-Mo-N multilayer films deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering

Cr-W-N and Cr-Mo-N films were deposited on high speed steel substrate by unbalanced DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphologies of the films confirmed that the bilayer thickness of multilayer became thinner, and then structural transformation occurred from multilayer to composite with increasing the rotation velocity of substrate holder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the Cr-W-N films were composed of CrN and W₂N crystalline phases, and the Cr-Mo-N films consisted of crystalline CrN and amorphous/nanocrystalline Mo₂N. Mechanical and tribological properties were investigated by using a nanoindentor and a ball-on-disk tribometer, respectively. The Cr-W-N films exhibited excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance, while Cr-Mo-N films showed lower friction coefficient. Optimal mechanical and tribological properties were obtained in the Cr-W-N multilayer film with a bilayer period of 12 nm.     

脉冲偏压对直流磁控溅射沉积MoN薄膜结构及性能的影响

MoN薄膜是一种具有潜在应用价值的薄膜材料,但对于其结构和性能的研究还较少。采用直流磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢基体表面沉积MoN薄膜,研究了脉冲偏压对MoN薄膜结构和性能的影响,并系统研究了MoN薄膜在不同摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析薄膜的晶相结构、晶粒尺寸、表面及断面形貌,采用HMV-2T显微硬度仪测试薄膜的显微硬度。采用UMT-TriboLab多功能摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电镜观察磨损表面,分析其磨损机制。结果表明：脉冲偏压显著影响直流磁控沉积的MoN薄膜的晶相结构、表面形貌、断面结构、硬度和摩擦磨损性能;随脉冲偏压的增大,MoN薄膜的膜厚、硬度都先增大后减小,而薄膜的磨损率却先减小后增大,其中-500 V脉冲偏压下沉积的MoN薄膜具有最高硬度为7731 N/mm²,以及最低的磨损率为5.8×10^-7 mm³/（N·m）。此外,MoN薄膜在不同载荷和转速的摩擦条件下表现出不同的摩擦学行为。     

Study on the Tribological Properties of Graphite-like Amorphous Carbon Film under Different Testing Conditions

Graphite-like amorphous carbon film was fabricated by unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique.Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and tribometer were subsequently used to investigate the microstructure and tribological properties of the resultant film.It is found that the deposited carbon film is dominated by sp 2 sites,and the intensity ratio of the D and G peaks is as high as 4.0,which is one order of magnitude larger than that of diamond-like carbon films with high sp 3 content,indicating a more graphite-like structure.However,the as-deposited carbon film exhibits moderately high hardness(13.7 GPa),low internal stress(0.38 GPa)and superior tribological properties with high load bearing capacity(Hertz contact stress about 3.2 GPa)and low wear rate(2.73×10-10 cm3/N.m)in ambient atmosphere.Although it displays a poor wear resistance in water lubricated condition,a superior wear resistance is achieved in oil lubricated condition.Its inherent physical property,the formation of transfer layer and the friction induced chemical reactions may be commonly responsible for its tribological properties.     

选择性键合金属-类金刚石复合薄膜的性能研究

目的研究具有选择性键合作用的掺杂金属元素(Cu、Al、Ti)对类金刚石(DLC)薄膜的结构和摩擦学性能的影响。方法以高纯石墨及其与金属复合靶作为靶材,采用离子源镀膜技术分别在n-型(100)单晶硅片和抛光304不锈钢片基体上制备金属-DLC复合膜。采用514.6 nm氩离子激发源的Raman光谱仪,对金属-DLC复合薄膜进行拉曼光谱分析。采用努氏硬度计和表面轮廓仪测量计算薄膜的硬度和残余应力。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察DLC薄膜的表面形貌和结构。使用球-盘滑动磨损试验机对DLC复合薄膜进行摩擦学性能分析。结果类金刚石薄膜中掺入不同金属元素掺杂后,摩擦系数保持相对稳定,但磨损率存在较大差异。无掺杂DLC膜中的sp~3键含量最高,薄膜硬度高,残余应力大,在摩擦过程中易脱落。Ti-DLC金属复合膜的表面质量最好,结构致密,残余应力释放的同时保持较高的硬度,测得其磨损率最低,为0.13×10~(-15) m~3/nm。结论通过在DLC膜中掺杂不同键合能力的金属元素能够调控DLC薄膜的微观结构,改善薄膜的力学性能(硬度、残余应力),提高薄膜的抗磨损性能。薄膜的摩擦学性能与薄膜的微观结构与金属掺杂元素的存在形态有关。     

Microstructure,Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of CNx Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

The microstructure,mechanical,and tribological properties of the carbon nitride(CN_x) thin films with different nitrogen contents deposited on high-speed steel substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering were studied.CN_x films with nitrogen contents from 10.7 to 28.2 at.%had an amorphous structure composing of the carbon bonds of sp~2C-C,sp~2C-N,and sp~3C-N.The TiN inter-layer cause the adhesion of CN_x films enhancement.The more nitrogen concentration led to larger film hardness and friction coefficient against GCr15 steel balls,but the wear rates decreased.     

CNx层厚度对DLC/CNx多层膜结构和力学性能的影响

为了降低DLC膜的内应力,提高其力学性能,采用磁控溅射法在Si(100)基体上交替沉积了不同CN_x层厚度的DLC/CN_x纳米多层膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、纳米压痕仪、涂层附着力划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等分析了多层膜的微观组织、成键结构、力学和摩擦学性能。结果表明:所有DLC/CN_x多层膜均为非晶结构,结构致密,内应力低(约-475~-170 MPa),强化效应显著。随着CN_x层厚度的增大,CN_x膜内sp3键含量降低,DLC/CN_x多层膜的硬度和结合力逐渐降低,磨损率则逐渐上升。多层膜在真空和大气中的摩擦状态平稳,摩擦因数分别为0.16和0.2,CN_x层厚度的影响很小。CN_x层厚度为0.5 nm的多层膜的硬度可达36.9 GPa,结合力为27 N,在两种测试环境中均具有优异的摩擦学性能。     

Microstructure and mechanical property evaluation of pulsed DC magnetron sputtered Cr–B and Cr–B–N films

CrB₂ and four Cr–B–N films with high Cr/B ratio and various nitrogen contents were deposited by a co-sputtering process using a bipolar asymmetric pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering system. The structures and BN bonding nature of the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The surface and cross sectional morphologies of the thin films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface roughness of the thin films was explored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoindentation, microscratch and ball-on-disk wear techniques were used to evaluate the hardness, and tribological properties of the thin films, respectively.The microstructure of the Cr–B–N thin films changed from a coarse columnar structure to a glassy and featureless morphology as the nitrogen content increased from 15.2 at.% to 54.5 at.%, whereas the corresponding structure developed from an amorphous state to a nanocomposite structure consisting of CrN nanograins and amorphous BN phases. It was found that high hardness, good tribological and brittle properties were obtained for the CrB₂ coating. The hardness and elastic modulus of the Cr–B–N thin films decreased with increasing nitrogen content until the nanocomposite structure of nanocrystalline CrN grains and an amorphous BN matrix was formed. However, the hardening effect induced by the nanocomposite structure was limited due to the fact that the small CrN nanograins were surrounded by a thick intergranular soft amorphous BN layer. On the other hand, the fracture toughness and resistance against elastic strain to failure of the Cr–B–N coatings were effectively enhanced by the addition of nitrogen.     

Microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties evaluation of pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtered nanostructured Cr-Zr-N and Cr-Zr-Si-N thin films

Cr-Zr-Si-N thin films with various Zr contents were deposited by a bipolar asymmetric pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering system. In addition, a Cr-Zr-N film without Si addition was fabricated as a reference. The influence of Zr on the constitution, microstructure, mechanical, tribological and electrochemical properties of Cr-Zr-Si-N films was investigated. The microstructure of thin films was determined by a glancing angle X-ray diffractometer (GA-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. A nanoindenter, a Vickers micro hardness tester and pin-on-disk wear tests were adopted to evaluate the hardness, toughness and tribological properties of thin films, respectively. The electrochemical properties of thin films were also evaluated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. In case of the Cr-Zr-Si-N films, the Si content was fixed around 6-8 at.% and various Zr contents ranging from 0.5 to 13.6 at.% were achieved by changing the Zr target power density. In comparison to the Cr-Zr-N reference film, the addition of ~ 7.0 at.% Si in Cr-Zr-Si-N films resulted in a refined columnar structure and enhanced mechanical and anti-corrosion properties. A lattice constant expansion of these films was observed with increasing Zr content. A nanostructured thin film with around 5-10 nm grain size was obtained in case of a Cr-13.6 at.% Zr-6.8 at.% Si-N film. In general, the hardness, plastic deformation resistance and corrosion resistance increased also with increasing Zr content in the Cr-Zr-Si-N films. The Cr-Zr-Si-N film containing 13.6 at.% Zr exhibited a combination of high hardness, good mechanical properties, adequate tribological performance and excellent corrosion resistance in this study.     

Characterisation and tribological evaluation of nitrogen-containing molybdenum–copper PVD metallic nanocomposite films

This paper reports on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of molybdenum–copper nanocomposite films ‘doped’ with small amounts of nitrogen, which contain either no nitride phase (i.e. the nitrogen is held in interstitial solid solution, mainly in molybdenum) or small amounts of lower nitrides (i.e. Mo₂N). All films were deposited on Si wafers, AISI M2 high speed steel and AISI 316 stainless steel by reactive sputtering using a hot-filament-enhanced dc unbalanced magnetron system. A systematic approach was adopted to investigate the evolution of metal/metal and ceramic/metal phase combinations with increasing nitrogen content (up to 40 at.% N) in the film. Coating composition and microstructure were determined by cross-sectional TEM, SEM and XPS. XRD was used to identify (where possible) metallic and metal-nitride phases. Mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus were determined by low load Knoop and instrumented Vickers indentation measurements. Reciprocating sliding, micro-abrasion and impact tests were performed to assess tribological performance.

It was found that increasing the nitrogen gas flow rate from 0 to 15 sccm (and therefore nitrogen content in the film from 0 to 24 at.% N), refined significantly the coating microstructure from columnar to a dense and more equiaxed morphology, increasing the hardness whilst maintaining (almost constant) elastic modulus values, close to that of molybdenum metal. Further increases in the nitrogen gas flow rate resulted in films that appeared to contain significant fractions of the Mo₂N ceramic phase. SEM and cross-sectional TEM analyses of the film deposited at a nitrogen flow rate of 20 sccm (containing 36 at.% N) demonstrated a microstructure consisting of 50–100 nm wide columns, which contain small regions of contrast in dark-field images, of the order of 3–5 nm wide. A maximum hardness of 32 GPa and the highest hardness/modulus ratio was however found in the (predominantly metallic) film deposited at a nitrogen gas flow rate of 15 sccm. This film also performed best in both micro-abrasion and impact wear tests; in contrast, the ‘ceramic’ film (deposited at 20 sccm nitrogen flow rate) performed better in reciprocating sliding wear.     

脉冲磁控溅射MoS2涂层的组织结构及摩擦学性能

采用单极性脉冲磁控溅射技术在A286基体表面制备MoS₂低摩擦系数涂层(LFC)。利用XRD、SEM等手段表征涂层的成分与微观组织;采用原位纳米力学测试系统、球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机分析涂层的力学和摩擦学性能,并探讨了脉冲偏压对涂层结构、力学和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,脉冲偏压由300V增加到600V,MoS₂涂层择优取向发生了(002)向(100)转变,当脉冲偏压增至800V时又恢复(002)择优取向,;随着脉冲偏压的增加,涂层的硬度及弹性模量出现先减少后增大趋势,摩擦系数在0.065~0.076范围内波动,呈现出先增加后减小趋势;偏压为800V的涂层摩擦学性能最佳,其磨损率仅为基体的13.5%。     

掺杂类金刚石薄膜微观结构和摩擦学性能的研究进展

类金刚石(Diamond like carbon,DLC)薄膜具有高硬度、低摩擦系数、低磨损率的特点,已广泛应用于各行各业,但也存在内应力大、热稳定性差以及摩擦学性能对环境敏感等问题,制约了DLC薄膜的应用.在DLC薄膜中,掺入异质元素能够改变薄膜成分、微观结构和sp3杂化键含量,可有效地减小薄膜内应力,提高结合力并改善摩擦学性能.首先介绍了掺杂DLC薄膜的起源和制备方法,简要分析了各种制备方式的优缺点,并从掺杂元素在DLC薄膜中的存在形式和sp3杂化键含量两个方面,讨论了掺杂对DLC薄膜微观结构的影响,并简要介绍了掺杂对DLC薄膜机械性能的影响.金属元素掺入DLC薄膜后,以原子溶解、单质纳米晶或金属碳化物纳米晶的形式,分布于非晶基体中;非金属元素掺入DLC薄膜后,主要以原子溶解形式溶于非晶基体.随后,系统讨论了掺杂对DLC薄膜摩擦学性能的影响.S、Ag元素的掺入能够有效减小真空环境下DLC薄膜的摩擦系数;B、N、F、Si或过渡金属的掺入能够提高DLC薄膜的热稳定性,拓宽DLC薄膜的使用温度范围;Si、F、B以及钛等过渡金属元素的掺入能够降低DLC薄膜摩擦学性能对湿度的敏感性.最后,提出了多元素掺杂和多种方法联合应用是DLC薄膜未来的重点研究方向.     

电弧离子镀制备 TiSiN 纳米复合涂层

目的在SiH4气氛下制备Si掺杂的TiSiN纳米复合涂层,为SiH4用于工业化TiSiN涂层生产提供依据。方法采用电弧离子镀技术,在SiH4气氛下,于单晶硅和硬质合金衬底上制备Si掺杂的TiSiN纳米复合涂层,研究SiH4流量对TiSiN涂层化学组分、微观结构、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果 SiH4流量对TiSiN纳米复合涂层的微观结构、硬度及摩擦系数的影响明显。随着SiH4流量的增加,TiSiN涂层由柱状晶生长的晶体结构逐渐转变为纳米晶镶嵌于非晶基体的复合结构。Si在涂层中以Si3N4非晶相存在,随着涂层中Si含量逐渐增加,TiN晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,Si3N4起到细化晶粒的作用。在42 m L/min的SiH4流量下,涂层硬度高达4100HV0.025。在对磨材料为硬质合金的条件下,TiSiN涂层摩擦系数小于0.6。结论 SiH4气氛下可以制备出Ti N纳米晶镶嵌于Si3N4非晶相结构的TiSiN纳米复合涂层,涂层的显微硬度较高。SiH4可以作为Si源用于TiSiN纳米复合涂层的工业化生产。     

DLC基纳米多层膜摩擦学性能的研究进展与展望

类金刚石(DLC)薄膜是一种良好的固体润滑剂,能够有效延长机械零件、工具的使用寿命。DLC基纳米多层薄膜的设计是耐磨薄膜领域的一项研究热点,薄膜中不同组分层具备不同的物理化学性能组合,能从多个角度(如高温、硬度、润滑)进行设计来提升薄膜力学性能、摩擦学性能以及耐腐蚀性能等。综述了DLC多层薄膜的设计目的与研究进展,以金属/DLC基纳米多层膜、金属氮化物/DLC基纳米多层膜、金属硫化物/DLC基纳米多层膜以及其他DLC基纳米多层膜为主,对早期研究成果及现在的研究方向进行了概述。介绍了以上几种DLC基纳米多层膜的现有设计思路(形成纳米晶/非晶复合结构、软/硬交替沉积,诱导转移膜形成,实现非公度接触)。随后对摩擦机理进行了分析总结:1)层与层间形成特殊过渡层,提高了结合力;2)软/硬的多层交替设计,可以抵抗应力松弛和裂纹偏转;3)高接触应力和催化作用下诱导DLC中的sp³向sp²转化,形成高度有序的转移膜,从而实现非公度接触。最后对DLC基纳米多层膜的未来发展进行了展望。     

High Temperature Tribological Properties of Ti-GLC Films Deposited on Different Bearing Steel SubstratesEI北大核心CSCD

针对航空发动机主轴轴承服役工况恶劣和类石墨碳基薄膜在高温环境下的性能研究不足等问题,采用磁控溅射技术在不同轴承钢基体(M50 钢、M50NiL 钢和 W9Cr4V2Mo 钢)上沉积 Ti-GLC 薄膜,探究在不同温度下的摩擦学性能。采用 SEM、 Raman 分析薄膜的微观结构,采用纳米压痕仪、划痕仪等测试其力学性能,利用 MFT-5000 型多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试所镀薄膜在不同温度下(室温、200 ℃、250 ℃和 300 ℃)的摩擦学性能。结果表明：在三种不同轴承钢基体沉积的 Ti-GLC 薄膜,其硬度和弹性模量变化不大,结合力从大到小依次为 M50＞M50NiL＞W9Cr4V2Mo。随着温度的升高,三种钢基体沉积 Ti-GLC 薄膜的摩擦因数均逐渐增大,而磨损率则先减小后增大,且表现出不同的磨损形式。三种轴承钢基体沉积 Ti-GLC 薄膜的最佳工作温度区间为室温~200 ℃,M50 钢基体所镀薄膜具有更好的力学性能和摩擦学性能,其结合力达到 80 N 以上, 300 ℃时的平均摩擦因数为 0.125,磨损率仅为 3.05×10^?17 m³ /(N·m)。研究成果为类石墨碳基薄膜在高温环境下的实际应用奠定了理论基础。     

Cu-Ti合金薄膜的微结构和力学性能

通过磁控共溅射方法制备了一系列不同Ti含量的Cu-Ti合金薄膜,采用EDS、XRD、TEM、AFM和纳米力学探针表征了薄膜的微结构和力学性能,研究了化合物对超过饱和固溶薄膜的强化作用。结果表明,由于溅射粒子的高分散性和薄膜生长的高非平衡性,Cu-Ti薄膜形成了超过饱和固溶体,晶格的剧烈畸变使Cu固溶体晶粒迅速细化。随Ti含量的增加,薄膜中产生高分散的细小Cu Tix化合物,并逐步形成Cu超过饱和固溶体纳米晶和细小化合物分布于非晶基体中的结构。与微结构的变化相应,薄膜的硬度随Ti含量的增加持续提高,并在含21.4%Ti(原子分数)时达到8.7GPa的最高值。高分散金属间化合物的存在是Cu-Ti合金薄膜在形成非晶结构后硬度得以继续提高的原因。