无人机载三维激光扫描技术在露天矿山测量中的应用

采用无人机载三维激光扫描测量系统对某露天矿山进行扫描测量,快速获得了该露天矿山全面而翔实的海量点云数据,通过构建精细三维实体模型并与传统测量数据进行复合比对,分析典型剖面的关键点信息,得到该套系统在该露天矿山复杂工况环境下的相对测量精度优于5 cm。分别对该露天采场两阶段爆破后的地表地形实施了扫描测量工作,并快速得到了该露天采场两阶段回采矿石量,为矿山生产计划的及时调整和储量动态管理提供了准确而及时的数据支撑,显著提升了露天矿山的数字化管理水平。     

某尾矿库浸润线偏高探析及治理

随着矿山整合,打造绿色、和谐矿山的需求日益趋烈。矿山为极限利用矿石的可选性,就需进一步将尾矿粒度变细,将其有用成分最大化选别出来。湖南郴州某矿山主要生产钨、钼、铋和萤石等多金属矿,该矿山一在用尾矿库尾矿平均粒级dcp=0.038 mm,尾矿粒度-0.074 mm占82%,加之入库入量多,导致该尾矿库浸润线偏高、主坝和副坝坝坡面出现部分沼泽化现象。文章对该尾矿库浸润线偏高的原因进行探析和研究,提出清污分流、增设大口辐射井、排津盲井、垂直加水平联合排渗、初期坝实施水平排渗管、采用分级尾砂模袋法堆筑子坝等综合治理措施,将尾矿库浸润线有效降至控制浸润线埋深以下,坝体安全稳定性满足设计要求,进而保障了尾矿库的正常运行。     

见龙坡选厂尾矿库稳定性分析

尾矿库是矿山生产过程中的重要组成部分,同时也是矿山主要的危险源之一。尾矿库的渗流是计算坝体稳定性最重要的指标,因此对尾矿库堆坝进行渗流计算和分析显得尤为重要。通过工程地质勘察,介绍了见龙坡尾矿库的基本情况,对见龙坡选厂尾矿库进行坝基稳定性评价,并对见龙坡选厂尾矿库进行尾矿堆坝渗流计算和分析、坝体抗滑稳定性计算。结果表明:见龙坡选厂尾矿库现状条件、洪水运行条件及特殊运行时均满足坝坡稳定的最小安全系数要求,坝体现阶段处于基本稳定状态,能确保矿山安全生产。     

尾矿库干滩扬尘的湿盖固化方法研究

尾矿仓库是金属、非金属矿山所需的生产设施。目前全国各地有一万多座尾矿库，每年都有大量尾矿排入尾矿库中。尾矿库对矿山的生态环境影响很大，其中尾矿库的扬尘是造成矿山环境污染的形式之一。本文提出尾矿库干摊扬尘防治的伸缩柱架式微喷水法及用微喷法建立的表层防护湿盖，用于防护尾矿坝表面扬尘。     

废弃尾矿库综合治理中库容计算问题研究

尾矿库综合治理中,堆积库容是确定尾矿库等别和治理方案的重要因素,本文基于南沟尾矿库库容计算实践,对原始地形资料和尾矿库设计资料缺失条件下的库容计算问题进行分析和研究,以确定尾矿库的库容,为尾矿库的库容计算提供了新方法。     

尾矿库水工设施采动影响及防护措施

文章结合实践工作经验,通过理论分析方法、数值模拟方法对矿山沉陷区建立尾矿库下方矿产资源开采的可行性进行研究,分析开采活动对坝体、水工设施的影响,并对沉陷区地表沉陷变形进行相应计算。结合分析和计算结果认为,矿山开采活动会对尾矿库坝体、水工设施造成一定程度的采动影响。为此,提出了必要的防护对策以应对损害影响,旨在加强尾矿库坝体、附属设施的稳定性,避免出现安全风险事故。     

焦家金矿王家尾矿库地质环境问题及其防控分析

随着社会的发展,矿山的开采在推动社会发展的同时,也带来了许多环境问题,其中尾矿库就是其中的一大症结。本文以焦家金成矿带上典型的王家尾矿库为例,针对尾矿库坝体稳定性、尾矿库地下水体污染以及尾矿库土地资源破坏等三个方面的地质环境问题进行了分析,并分类提出了相应的防控建议。研究成果可为焦家金矿区及国内相似矿区的生态环境保护及绿色矿山建设提供有益参考。     

在线监测系统在某尾矿库中的应用

本文以某矿山尾矿库的现状为背景,针对现有人工监测效率低,数据可信性低等弊端,为保证矿山尾矿库的安全运行,有针对性地提出了在线监测系统,并介绍了在线监测系统的组成、监测参数及安设位置,同时分析其监测效果,实践证明,该在线监测系统具有很好的适应性。该系统的应用给矿山带来了良好的经济效益及社会效益,为同类矿山尾矿库建设提供了一定的参考价值。     

凡口铅锌矿尾矿库安全在线监测系统建设

尾矿库是矿山生产活动中的重要组成部分,是保证矿山生产连续稳定运行的重要设施.同时尾矿库也是矿山危险场所,容易发生溃坝事故,造成尾矿泄露,毁坏下游建筑物,发生人员伤亡的严重后果.因此,有必要建立一套高效的尾矿库安全监测系统.凡口铅锌矿尾矿库监测系统软件由监测数据采集模块、库区影像监测模块、数据分析模块、数据查询模块、数据输出模块、安全预警模块和系统管理模块七大模块组成,具备信息共享功能,可满足矿山尾矿库监测的要求,并能够准确及时地反应尾矿库浸润线、坝体变形、库水位、干滩长度、降水量等各重点部位及项目的变化,建立合理的预警值,对各指标进行及时反馈,对矿区安全管理人员判断尾矿库安全情况,做出正确的预防应对措施,保证尾矿库安全有重大意义.     

尾矿库溃坝影响分析

本文以磁选铁矿尾砂为研究对象,通过分析水利行业关于各类泥石流的研究成果,结合尾砂粒径和尾砂堆放特点,提出一个专适用于矿山尾矿库的溃坝影响分析方法,可对尾矿库溃坝影响进行定量分析,并计算泄砂总量、溃口宽度、坝址处最大流量、洪水传播时间、流速、淤积厚度、冲击力等重要参数,为矿库溃坝影响分析及防治工作提供依据。结果表明提出的矿山尾矿库溃坝影响分析方法可以对尾矿库溃坝造成的泥石流影响进行评估,从而确定其影响范围,影响程度,预先做好防灾措施,并在工程中得到了有效应用。     

Glutathione conjugation with diethylmaleate in various brain structures

It was shown that GSH concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in hypothalamus (H) and sensomotor cortex (SC) were twice more than in ME. After single or double injection of diethylmaleate (DEM) two-phase change of the GSH level was observed in all the investigated structures. In the first 1-3 h phase, the pool of free GSH decreases by more than 50% as a result of conjugative effect of DEM. In the second phase which is about 3 days long the level of GSH is gradually restored mainly due to the activation of its biosynthesis. In various brain structures conjugation and reduction processes has their own peculiarities: conjugation processes predominate in H and SC while the reduction processes predominate in ME. These processes were almost two times intensified in all the investigated structures under double injection of DEM.     

黄铜矿浮选体系晶态/无定形二氧化硅的流变特性与夹带行为

硅酸盐类脉石夹带是制约贫杂难选矿高效浮选分离的难题之一。借助分批浮选试验、流变学测试、冷冻扫描电镜测试、颗粒沉降试验，探究了黄铜矿浮选体系晶态/无定形二氧化硅的流变特性与夹带行为。结果显示，随着脉石中无定形二氧化硅含量的增加，矿浆表观黏度呈指数型增大，黄铜矿回收率持续降低，脉石回收率先升高后降低。脉石回收率发生变化是脉石夹带率、水回收率共同作用的结果:在黏度低增长区，脉石夹带率上移对脉石回收率升高起主导作用，而在黏度中、高增长区，水回收率减少是脉石回收率由升转降的主要原因。总脉石夹带率和各粒级脉石夹带率均随无定形二氧化硅含量增加而升高，且各粒级脉石夹带率呈现出明显差异性，细粒脉石夹带率增幅最大。冷冻扫描电镜与沉降试验表明，无定形二氧化硅与石英颗粒形成了聚集体结构，导致矿浆体系黏度增大，因而脉石颗粒沉降减缓、泡沫排液“洗涤”脉石作用弱化，单位泡沫水中的脉石质量增大，脉石夹带率升高。      

Free surface flow and heat transfer in conduction mode laser welding

Temperature profiles and fluid flow fields in a weld pool are simulated through numerical solutions of Navier-Stokes equation and the equation of conservation of energy for low power laser welding in conduction mode. Experimentally determined weld pool surface topography, peak temperature, and the secondary dendrite arm spacings are found to be in fair agreement with the corresponding theoretically calculated values.     

300 t复吹转炉底吹系统优化模拟

 顶底复合吹炼转炉炼钢法是当下主流的炼钢方法,底部供气元件的种类、支数、排布方式和底吹供气强度直接影响着转炉熔池的混匀效果,合理的流场不仅可以降低生产成本,更能缩短冶炼周期,增加企业效益。基于冷态水模拟以及CFD数值模拟手段各自的研究特点,以某钢厂300 t转炉为原型,将不同底吹条件下熔池的混匀时间、死区以及弱流区体积作为评判依据,对300 t转炉的底枪排布方式、底吹供气模式(非均匀供气和均匀供气)以及底吹供气强度进行了系统研究,研究结果表明,当底枪排布位置由0.3D(D为炉底直径)到0.5D,底吹系统对炉壁处钢液的搅拌能力明显增强,但熔池内死区以及弱流区体积却会明显增加,使得整个熔池混匀时间增长;在对适宜底吹强度研究发现,当熔池底吹强度的临界值为0.28 m3/(t·min),此底吹强度下对熔池的搅拌效果最好;底吹系统对熔池的搅拌效果会随着供气模式的不同而改变,当底吹流量分配为2:1时,底吹系统对熔池的搅拌效果最佳,均匀供气模式(1:1)次之,而当分配比为3:1和4:1时,由于熔池的大流量侧供气强度相对较大,会极大影响底吹系统对熔池的搅拌效果。     

Analysis on Non‐Uniform Gas Flow in Blast Furnace Based on DEM‐CFD Combined Model

Blast furnace technology is currently aiming at low reducing agent operation so as to decrease CO₂ emissions. At the same time, the inner volume of blast furnaces has frequently been enlarged so as to increase production rate in some countries, including Japan. Operating conditions designed for low reducing agent in a large blast furnace tend to cause unfavorable phenomena such as slipping of the burden and gas channeling due to the decrease in coke rate. Mathematical models help to clarify the in‐furnace phenomena under these situations. From the above backgrounds, a new model has been developed that combines Discrete Element Method with Computational Fluid Dynamics (DEM‐CFD) to simulate precisely the gas flow and solid motion in a blast furnace. The present study aimed to develop a three‐dimensional mathematical model based on DEM‐CFD for simultaneous analysis of gas and solid flow in the whole blast furnace. The unbalanced gas flow in the case of clogging of the particular tuyere was analyzed to clarify the circumferential unevenness in the lower part of the blast furnace. Based on the combined DEM with CFD model, the non‐uniform gas flow in the lower part of the blast furnace was precisely evaluated.     

Spatial and temporal analysis of human motor activity using noninvasive NIR topography

The effect of motor activity on the left fronto-central region of the human brain was analyzed spatially and temporally by using noninvasive near-infrared light (NIR) topography. The changes in oxygenation states caused by motor activity were measured using intensity-modulated NIR spectroscopy at ten measurement positions on the head surface. The subject randomly performed unilateral finger opposition for 30 s as motor stimulation. When the subject performed contralateral (right) finger movement, significant increases in both oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and total hemoglobin (total-Hb) and decreases in deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) were observed in a particular area. By mapping the static topograms of the changes of each Hb and comparing them with an anatomical image of MRI, it was found that the particular area was located on the motor cortex along the central sulcus. By mapping the dynamic topograms of the changes of total-Hb, which reflect the cerebral blood volume, and analyzing the spatiotemporal hemodynamic changes associated with the brain activity, it was found that the regional change in cerebral blood volume in the primary motor area overlaps the global change around the motor cortex. These results demonstrate that NIR topography can be used to effectively observe the human brain activity.     

煤炭矿区排矸场表层土壤重金属污染研究

采用填埋覆土的方式对煤矸石进行处理,在沉陷区沟壑地带分层充填矸石,使沟地变为平地,对环境保护有重要意义。神府东胜煤田的大多数煤矿现已基本采用填埋覆土的方式对煤矸石进行处理。以神府东胜煤田中某排矸场为研究对象,分析了排矸场表层土壤（地表及-1 m处）中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn含量的空间分布特征及土壤中重金属的赋存形态。研究表明,排矸场中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn含量超过该地区的土壤背景值,对当地的土壤环境造成了一定的污染;排矸场土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb在-1 m处的含量高于表层土壤,并且排矸场中-1 m处土壤的8种重金属元素的含量都高于对照区土壤重金属含量;排矸场中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni残渣态占比最大,As可氧化态占比最大,Mn、Zn、Pb可交换态和可还原态占比较大,Mn、Zn、Pb以更不稳定的形态存在,对生态环境影响较大。     

Photoelectric measurement of the foaming process in the reduction of slags containing iron oxide

A measuring method for determining foaming volume is being developed. The volume increase and the progress of the foaming process can be continuously determined and quantified by optical means through evaluation of brightness differences. The influences of various reducing agents on the foaming process are considered. CO evolution resulting from the reaction between liquid iron oxide and carbon constitutes the decisive factor for foaming of this type. In contrast, the temperature-dependent formation of O₂ which occurs during conversion of haematite to magnetite only produces a small increase in volume during the melting process. No foaming is observed during reduction by the gas phase at the surface of the specimen. The foaming behaviour of slags in the basic FeO_n-CaO-SiO₂ system is investigated. Maximum foaming occurs in the moderate basicity range. Similarly, foaming may also be maximized with moderate gangue contents in the oxide melt. Relatively high volume increases are likewise achieved within certain temperature ranges. The rate of gas formation constitutes the main criterion determining the foaming intensity. The highest volume increase values observed lie in the region of 1100% related to the initial volume. The foaming process always exhibits a reliable degree of reproducibility.     

Mechanisms of Small-Strain Shear-Modulus Anisotropy in Soils

In this paper, experimental studies using a true triaxial apparatus and a bender element system, and numerical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM) were used to investigate the stress- and fabric-induced shear-stiffness anisotropy in soils at small strains. Verified by experiments and DEM simulations, the shear modulus was found to be relatively independent of the out-of-plane stress component, which can be revealed by the indistinctive change in the contact normal distribution and the normal contact forces on that plane in the DEM simulations. Simulation and experimental results also demonstrated that the shear modulus is equally contributed by the two principal stress components on the associated shearing planes. Fabric-induced stiffness anisotropy, i.e., the highest Gxy or Ghh, can be explained by simulation findings in which more contact normals prefer to distribute along the horizontal direction. The experiments and simulations also reveal that the fabric-induced stiffness anisotropy increases with an increasing aspect ratio of the particles. The assumption of transversely isotropic fabric in soils is valid based on the DEM simulation results; however, this assumption is not completely supported by the experimental results.     

CO2+O2地浸采铀脉石矿物与浸矿剂相互作用研究

在CO2+O2地浸采铀应用过程中,浸矿剂不仅与载铀物质发生反应,亦与脉石矿物发生反应。为探索砂岩型铀矿主要脉石矿物与浸矿剂的相互作用,在中性条件下（pH分别为6.20、6.40、6.60、6.80和7.00）对脉石单矿物及天然铀矿石进行高压釜静态浸出试验,对比浸出溶液中各种离子浓度变化和反应后渣样的形貌变化特征。发现：1）方解石溶解可产生HCO3-和Ca2+,HCO3-升高能加速铀浸出,而Ca2+浓度升高会增加石膏和方解石沉淀风险;2）黄铁矿与浸矿剂反应易产生H+,阻碍CO2与水反应生成HCO3-,不利于铀浸出,但当黄铁矿与方解石同时存在,黄铁矿同浸矿剂相互作用会加速方解石的溶解,故对富方解石的矿石来说,黄铁矿的存在有利于铀的浸出;3）钾长石溶解可形成黏土矿物,对溶出的铀酰离子有一定的吸附性;此外,黏土颗粒细小,在地浸工业应用过程中增加黏土物理堵塞的风险;4）高岭石在浸出过程中会释放其所吸附的其他离子,同时吸附铀酰。渣样矿物学分析结果显示,各种矿物在浸出过程中均发生差异性溶解,其中方解石溶解最明显,表面逐步被侵蚀粗糙,钾长石表面溶蚀微弱;黄铁矿表面随着浸矿剂的作用逐步覆盖一层铁氧化物或者铁的氢氧化物;高岭石的微观形貌变化不明显。