焊接塑性应变演变过程——不锈钢薄板焊接塑性应变演变过程

采用数值模拟方法对不锈钢薄板电弧焊接塑性应变演变过程进行了分析.结果表明,在焊接过程中焊缝及近缝区内无论是纵向塑性应变还是横向塑性应变均为压缩塑性应变,熔池凝固冷却产生的拉伸回复不足以完全抵消加热过程已产生的压缩塑性应变,最终残留在焊缝及近缝区内的塑性应变仍保持压缩状态,压缩塑性区的宽度明显大于材料"力学熔化区"宽度.     

焊接塑性应变演变过程——低碳钢、不锈钢及钛合金塑性应变演变特点及规律

采用数值模拟方法对低碳钢、不锈钢及钛合金3种材料薄板电弧焊接塑性应变演变过程进行了分析.结果表明,在焊接过程中,焊缝及近缝区内无论是纵向塑性应变还是横向塑性应变均为压缩塑性应变,熔池凝固及高温区冷却产生的拉伸卸载不足以完全抵消加热过程产生的压缩塑性应变,最终残留在焊缝及近缝区内的塑性应变仍保持压缩状态,压缩塑性区的宽度明显宽于材料"力学熔化"区宽度.     

钛合金焊接过程应力应变特点分析

采用有限元分析和试验测试相结合的方法对钛合金薄板钨极氩弧焊的焊接应力应变进行分析.结果表明,在焊接不均匀加热和冷却的综合过程中,熔池金属是在周边已经产生了压缩塑性应变的框架内熔化,并在已经发生了压缩塑性应变的近缝区框架内冷却.焊缝冷却过程中,在"力学熔化"区间,有拉伸塑性应变的卸载过程,但残余状态仍保留了压缩塑性应变.焊缝在冷却、凝固降温过程中,其纵向拉应力的峰值始终低于材料在相应温度下的屈服强度,直至残余状态.     

钛合金焊接热弹塑性应力应变过程全图

针对焊接冷却过程中是否有卸载发生这一问题展开讨论,采用数值模拟方法研究在移动热源情况下钛合金焊接应力应变发展过程,给出钛合金焊接热弹塑性应力应变过程全图的定量物理描述.结果表明,钛合金焊接冷却过程中有卸载发生;钛合金焊接热弹塑性应力应变过程全图由熔化区、压缩塑性区、拉伸塑性区、卸载区、受压弹性区五部分构成;在力学熔化区等温线内的拉伸塑性区的范围包括焊缝和近缝区,但在残余状态焊缝和近缝区均为卸载区.     

关于焊接残余应力与应变问题的分析与探讨

传统的观点认为在焊缝及近缝区存在着残余压缩塑性应变,而近几年有学者提出焊缝不存在残余压缩塑性应变,只存在拉伸应力和应变,在焊后焊缝当中不可能存在残余压缩塑性变形,从而对消除残余应力的方法进行了重新论述,为了分析关于焊缝和近缝区纵向残余应力及纵向塑性应变的分布,采用数值模拟的方法对熔焊接头的应力和应变进行了分析和计算,结果表明,焊缝及近缝区存在着纵向残余压缩塑性应变,验证了传统观点的正确性,并就计算结果对有关残余应力与应变的因果关系及相关问题进行了分析和讨论.     

关于焊接塑性应变的计算与讨论

采用数值模拟的方法计算了平板熔焊对接接头的纵向塑性应变的分布和动态演变过程.就目前学者所提出的焊缝存在的拉伸塑性应变的观点与传统的残余压缩塑性应变理论所存在的分歧,对比了考虑熔化现象和不考虑熔化现象两种情况,分析了焊缝中心和热影响区焊接准稳态时纵向塑性应变的变化规律.结果表明,考虑熔化现象和不考虑熔化现象纵向塑性应变结果基本相同,在焊接加热过程中所产生的压缩塑性应变始终大于冷却过程中所产生的拉伸塑性应变,在考虑熔化现象的情况下,其热影响区也始终处于压缩塑性应变状态,只是在移动热源经过后,其压缩塑性应变值在冷却的过程中有所减小.     

焊接应力场与应变场的计算与讨论

经典的观点认为焊缝存在残余压缩塑性应变,而目前有学者认为焊缝是在冷却的过程中形成的,与加热过程无关,认为焊缝只存在拉伸塑性应变,而不存在压缩塑性应变.针对这一对传统残余塑变理论的质疑,采用有限元方法对薄板熔焊对接接头纵向应力和应变的瞬态变化以及由焊缝中心到母材边缘的纵向应力和应变分布情况进行了计算.结果表明,焊缝及近缝区存在着残余压缩塑性应变,应力状态为拉应力,由焊缝中心到母材边缘其纵向应力由拉应力转变为压应力,纵向压缩塑性变形量逐渐下降,离焊缝较远受温度场影响较小的母材不产生塑性变形.     

铝合金薄板焊件纵向塑性应变场的数值模拟

利用弹塑性有限元分析软件对普通焊件的纵向塑性应变场进行了模拟.结果表明,对于尺寸为200 mm×100 mm ×2 mm的2A12T4铝合金薄板填丝对接焊件,其焊缝部位只存在纵向拉伸塑性应变;在靠近焊缝的区域,既存在纵向压缩塑性应变,也存在纵向拉伸塑性应变;在焊缝长度方向纵向残余塑性应变的分布不均匀,在靠近起弧端和收弧端的区域呈现复杂的分布特征.焊接过程中温度场的变化和热源旁侧金属受力状况的不同是近缝区金属纵向塑性应变不均匀分布的原因.     

应力应变,疲劳与脆断,断裂力学

20091057关于焊接塑性应变的计算与讨论/方洪渊…//焊接学报.-2008,29(7):60~63采用数值模拟的方法计算了平板熔焊对接接头的纵向塑性应变的分布和动态演变过程。就目前学者所提出的焊缝存在的拉伸塑性应变的观点与传统的残余压缩塑性应变理论所存在的分歧,对比了考虑熔化现象和不考虑熔化现象两种情况,分析了焊缝中心和热影响区焊接准稳态时纵向塑性应变的变化规律。结果表明,考虑熔化现象和不考虑熔化现象纵向塑性应变结果基本相同,在焊接加热过程中所产生的压缩塑性应变始终大于冷却过程中所产生的拉伸塑性应变,在考虑熔化现象的情况下,其热影响区也始终处于压缩塑性应变状态,只是在移动热源经过后,其压缩塑性应变值在冷却的过程中有所减小。图8参1020091058焊接应力变形原理若干问题的探讨(二)/王者昌//焊接学报.-2008,29(7):69~72提出焊接残余应力形成和消除原理:焊接残余应力不是压缩塑性应变引起的,而是由于焊缝和近缝区金属在“力学熔点“及以下温度冷却收缩受阻产生的;消除焊接残余应力不是产生拉伸塑性应变以减少、抵消和补偿压缩塑性应变,而是将残余弹性应变转变为塑性应变;消除焊接残余应力并不是必须去除固有...     

焊接应力变形原理若干问题的探讨(一)

在焊接加热和冷却过程中,组成焊件的小窄条之间不可能存在完全刚性拘束,端面不可能保持平面,会分别产生凸出和凹进,平截面假设不成立.不用平截面假设也可以得到类似的焊接残余应力分布.焊缝不存在残余压缩塑性应变,只存在拉伸应变,焊缝和近缝区残余压缩塑性应变分布和大小的传统观点不成立.提出新的近似用熔池最宽处温度分布表示的拉伸塑性应变分布原理图及其相应的计算公式.     

Cr-Mo-V钢焊接接头塑性损伤的非线性超声评价

采用非线性超声纵波技术对汽轮机转子钢30Cr2Ni4MoV焊接接头不同程度塑性损伤试样进行了超声非线性信号的检测.结果表明,超声非线性参数随着焊接接头试样塑性应变或损伤的加剧而显著上升;对于同一加载情况下的试样,与母材和热影响区相比,焊缝中心的非线性参数变化最大.同时,利用透射电子显微镜对不同塑性应变焊缝中心微观结构进行观察,发现位错密度的增加是导致非线性参数随着塑性应变增大的主要原因.     

Effects of plastic strain and strain path on youngs modulus of sheet metals

The effects of plastic strain and strain path on Young’s modulus of sheet metals are experimentally investigated using low carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, copper and brass sheets of 1 mm thickness. These sheets are firstly deformed to different plastic strains under a few strain paths from balanced biaxial stretching to uniaxial tension. Then, a small uniaxial tension test specimen is cut from each deformed sheet and Young’s modulus is measured using electrical-resistance strain gauges glued to both surfaces of the specimen. The experimental results show that Young’s moduli of the low carbon steel and stainless steel sheets decrease with increasing plastic strain, while those of aluminium, copper and brass sheets hardly change with the plastic strain. In all materials, however, the effect of the strain path on Young’s modulus is not necessarily evident. It is confirmed that Young’s modulus of the low carbon steel sheet can be recovered to the initial value of undeformed sheet by a subsequent annealing. In addition to Young’s modulus, the effects of the plastic strain and the strain paths on Poisson’s ratio of these materials are also shown.     

Effects of plastic strain of diamond-like carbon coated stainless steel on the corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid environment

We have investigated the effect of plastic deformation of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated and uncoated stainless steel on the corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid environment to measure its protective efficiency as a biomedical coating material. We deposited the DLC film on 304 stainless steel specimens by radio frequency plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition(R.F.-PACVD) method, followed by a tensile test to apply plastic strain on the coated specimen. Corrosion behavior in the simulated body fluid environment was studied by a potentiodynamic polarization test. As the tensile deformation progressed, the cracks of the film were observed to be perpendicular to the tensile axis. Further deformation increased both cracking and the spallation. Estimated porosity and corrosion current density increased, and thus the protective efficiency decreased at a strain of 2%. In spite of the degradation, the anti-corrosion properties were significantly improved relative to the uncoated stainless steel. However, a significant increase in porosity and corrosion current density was observed at a strain of 4%. This study showed that increasing the thickness of the Si interlayer of film improved the corrosion resistance with reduction of spallations and cracks.     

“原位观察”下的水龙头激光焊接头腐蚀性能分析

采用低耗能激光焊新工艺制造水龙头薄壳,替代传统高污染、高耗能的整体铸造工艺,对304、310 s不锈钢激光焊接头进行沸腾硫酸-硫酸铁及室温浸蚀对比腐蚀研究.在设定的腐蚀时间内,采用“原位观察”腐蚀过程焊缝及熔合区微观组织变化.结果表明,310 s比304耐腐蚀性更好,随腐蚀时间加长,接头熔合区晶粒晶界未明显加宽,焊缝断口微观特征主要为韧窝,证明其未发生晶间腐蚀.焊缝金属成分分析表明焊缝中心晶粒与母材相近,腐蚀沟Cr元素降至20.81%高于12%,保证其耐腐蚀性能.     

Evolution of plastic strain during a flow forming process

The distribution of equivalent plastic strain through the thickness of several AISI 1020 steel plates formed under different conditions over a smooth cylindrical mandrel using a single-roller forward flow forming operation was studied by measuring the local micro-indentation hardness of the deformed material. The equivalent plastic strain was higher at the inner and outer surfaces and lowest at the center of the workpiece. Empirical expressions are presented which describe the contribution of the roller and mandrel to the total local equivalent plastic strain within the flow formed part. The dependence of these expressions upon the thickness reduction during flow forming is discussed.