基于相位映射的结构光相位误差补偿方法研究

为减小结构光投影视觉测量系统中相位失真对测量结果的影响,基于最小二乘法和线性插值方法,建立实际光栅相位与理想光栅相位映射关系,并以此关系对投影条纹的相位误差进行校正。在校正过程中,为满足线性插值的单调性、有效性和唯一性,对所采集到的相位进行线性拉伸变换,使其覆盖全部投射相位值,并引入微调函数使其形成单调变化的相位序列。为验证该方法的有效性,搭建由摄像机、投影仪组成的光栅投影结构光三维测量系统。实验结果表明:该方法能够对投影仪生成的光栅条纹的非正弦畸变进行补偿和校正,并最终给出合理的相位测量结果。该方法简单可行,可用于实际结构光测量系统的校正。     

基于光栅结构光双目视觉的动态三维测量方法研究

基于矩形光栅结构光和双目立体视觉测量技术,提出一种物体表面三维形貌的动态测量方法。采用基于光平面引导的稠密光栅光条匹配方法完成左右摄像机光条图像的匹配,该方法先通过各光平面对应的单应矩阵实现左右图像点的对应,再结合极限约束及空间点距离约束完成左右光条中心点的全局最优匹配,以此解决由两摄像机和投影仪组成光栅结构光测量系统中光条匹配难题,对匹配完成的图像光条点应用双目立体视觉测量原理完成物体表面的三维重建。实物实验中,对姿态变化的手臂进行测量,结果证明仅需投影单幅光栅图案可实现手臂三维形貌的测量,验证该方法的有效性。     

反求工程中融合特征捕捉的光学三维测量方法

特征在反求工程实体建模中具有重要的作用,在三维测量过程中实现特征捕捉,可保证实体建模的精度和效率。提出了基于格雷码投影的融合特征捕捉的光学三维测量方法,在测量过程中采集一幅无光栅图像,通过无光栅图像的边界检测与格雷码特征提取相结合,实现了三维测量与特征捕捉的融合。对典型工业零件进行了实验,在测量过程中实现特征的有效捕捉,保证了特征的识别和精确提取,测量效果良好,分辨力达到了 0.1mm。该方法在反求工程中具有一定的实用价值。     

光栅投影轮廓术的精度分析及应用

介绍了彩色面结构光栅投影轮廓术的基本原理,该原理在投影光栅方面采用正弦编码的投影光栅,这样可以采用快速的直接光栅条纹解调的方法,实现了对被测物体单视角数据的测量,并对标准台阶进行了测量.分析了测量过程中存在的误差及其产生的原因;并针对各种误差提出了相应的改进或克服方法;最后,使用该方法对具有复杂自由曲面的脚型进行了测量,实验结果表明:该方法能够快速,准确地获取被测物体的三维数据.     

采用光栅投影的三维测量方法

提出一种新的三维坐标测量方法,该方法基于光栅投影、相移和三角测量等测量方法。与传统的光学测量方法不同,测量系统采用两个CCD相机记录投影光栅,减小了测量误差,提高了测量精度。测量实验结果在各个坐标上的精度分别为?靘,?靘,?8.5靘,总体精度优于20靘,证明了该方法的先进性和可行性。     

基于快速散斑结构光三维重建的在线测量系统

在流水生产线中实现工件表面三维信息的快速获取及尺寸的快速测量是当前辊压成形等制造业智能化升级过程中的迫切需求。基于散斑投影的三维重建方法仅需利用单幅物体散斑图像即可重建出物体表面的三维数据,在流水线工件快速测量中具有一定优势。本文对散斑三维重建中较为耗时的对应点搜索算法进行了优化,并在此基础上研制出适用于辊压成形制造生产线的工件快速三维测量系统。实验结果显示,该系统具有较快的三维数据重建速度,测量误差在0.035 mm范围内,能够满足辊压成形工件三维结构尺寸的快速在线测量需求。     

采用LD的光源步进条纹投影三维测量系统

在采用LED的光源步进法三维测量系统中,由于LED发散角大,在短距离内就达到较大的条纹投影面积,造成系统工作距离短.另外大功率LED发光面尺寸大导致条纹对比度低,投影高亮度、高对比度的条纹困难.为解决上述问题,提出在光源步进法投影装置中采用激光二极管(LD)作为光源,实现高亮度、高对比度相移条纹投影.采用该投影装置与双目摄像机设计了便携、高速的三维测量系统.首先利用改进的傅里叶变换轮廓术获取变形条纹相位及调制强度;接着利用激光散斑的随机性,在调制强度图中实现双目图像的粗匹配;然后在粗匹配的基础上进行条纹相位展开,利用相位实现精匹配;最后获得待测物体三维形貌.利用设计的系统进行了实验验证.系统的测量体积为360 mm×290 mm×100 mm,采集的三维数据最多为1280×1024点.实现了100 f/s的三维形貌测量速度,对平面的测量标准偏差为0.19 mm,对5个间隔距离为1.00 mm的平面进行了测量,测量距离的平均误差为0.05 mm.     

一种新型光纤传像微三维测量系统

根据结构光测量原理，利用光纤传像束所具有的自由度大、能弯曲及易实现长光路等特点，结合数字条纹投影技术和相移法测量技术，提出了一种新型微三维测量系统．因为从投影仪投射出来的光栅条纹是经光纤传像束及其两端的光学系统投射到被测物体上的。所以与其它同类系统相比，该系统降低了对被测物体方位的要求，从而使测量更加方便。拓展了微三维测量系统的适用范围．构建了测量系统，并对不同对象进行了测量，且重构出了被测物的三维形貌，验证了系统的可行性．     

提高光栅测量精度和分辨率的技术研究与实现

随着人工神经网络和数字处理技术的发展,从另一角度研究了一种不必增加光栅刻线,仅采用普通刻线的光栅(50刻线 mm),即可实现高精度、高分辨率的光栅测量技术,并用该技术设计了一个测量系统。系统以高速数字信号处理器(DSP)为核心硬件,用单输入单输出模糊小脑神经网络(SISOFCMAC)拟合出光栅信号,再利用FCMAC的泛化能力,实现对光栅信号的连续数字细分,提高光栅测量精度与分辨率。     

结构光深度获取系统校准方法

针对基于相位调制的结构光用于深度获取时,投影系统、图像采集系统光瞳中心不等高而引入测量误差,提出一种测量系统校准方法。该方法以N帧正交光栅像与一立方体物体为辅助,根据光场中立方体边缘的阴影位置及其表面光栅栅线变形情况实现系统的粗校准;通过计算立方体深度在光场水平方向引起的相位变化量,指导系统的精校准。该方法可为基于结构光的深度获取装置校准提供理论指导,为非经验装调工作者提供技术支持,实验数据论证了该方法的有效性。     

一种药室参数测量新方法

提出了一种新的火炮药室参数测量方法.采用环行激光投影、CCD摄像及数字图像处理的方法测量药室直径;采用圆光栅在药室内壁滚动的方法测量药室长度,根据直径和长度数据求得药室的容积;对各测量参数的精度进行了理论上的分析.结果表明,该方法具有很高的测量精度,能够满足药室参数实际测量的需要.     

Area modulation grating for sinusoidal structure illumination on phase-measuring profilometry

Sinusoidal structured illumination is used widely in three-dimensional (3-D) sensing and machine vision. Phase algorithms, for example, in phase-measuring profilometry, are inherently free of errors only with perfect sinusoidal fringe projection. But it is difficult to produce a perfect sinusoidal grating. We propose a new concept, area modulation, to improve the sinusoidality of structured illumination. A binary-coded picture is made up of many micrometer units. An aperture is open in every micrometer unit, and its area is determined by the value of the sinusoidal function. When such a grating is projected onto an object surface, the image of the grating becomes sinusoidal because of the convolution function of an optical system. We have designed and manufactured an area modulation grating for sinusoidal structure illumination using a large-scale integration technique. The area modulation grating has been used in the high-precision phase-measuring profilometry system, and the phase errors caused by the area modulation grating are reduced to 0.1%. The grating guaranteed the entire measuring accuracy to a 1% equivalent wavelength. The experimental results proved that area modulation grating would be of significant help in improving the phase-measurement accuracy of the 3-D sensing system.     

显微栅线投影相关法及其在三维形貌测试中的应用

基于数字图像相关法解调被物体高度调制的投影栅线平移量的原理，提出了显微栅线投影相关法的概念。该方法是栅线投影法和数字图像相关方法相结合的产物，用于测量微结构的三维形貌和离面变形。系统阐述了该方法的测量原理和详细的标定过程，研究了该方法在微薄膜挠度测量中的应用。测量结果表明，显微栅线投影相关法简单易行，测试结果可靠，配合高速图像采集系统，可用于微结构的动态测试，从而为实现微结构动、静态测试展现了新的应用前景。     

Acoustic grating fringe projector for high-speed and high-precision three-dimensional shape measurements

A new acoustic grating fringe projector (AGFP) was developed for high-speed and high-precision 3D measurement. A new acoustic grating fringe projection theory is also proposed to describe the optical system. The AGFP instrument can adjust the spatial phase and period of fringes with unprecedented speed and accuracy. Using rf power proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and CCD synchronous control, we obtain fringes with fine sinusoidal characteristics and realize high-speed acquisition of image data. Using the device, we obtained a precise phase map for a 3D profile. In addition, the AGFP can work in running fringe mode, which could be applied in other measurement fields.     

Residual stress release characteristics of hole-drilling determined by in-plane three-directional optical interference moiré

By adopting a new stress calibration method, a grating rosette moiré interferometry and incremental hole-drilling combined system is developed to determine the magnitud of the residual stress in aluminium plate subjected to a uniform uniaxial tensile load. Performing in-plane three-directional fringe analysis, the optical data contained in the moiré interferograms are converted into values of the strains in three directions corresponding to the grating rosette. The evaluation is carried out through the measurement of the in-plane displacement field in three directions generated by the introduction of the small incremental hole. The in-plane three-directional displacement fields are determined from the calculation of the optical in-plane three-directional phase distribution by means of a phase-shifting method. A new finite element calibration analysis that is general axisymmetric elements instead of 3-D block element and harmonic axisymmetric element is adopted to relate the relieved displacement field to the magnitude of the residual stress. The magnitude of the principal stresses is finally evaluated through a least-squares calculation and is also compared with the stress value applied to the specimen measured with strain gauges.     

虚拟光栅变频投影三维测量技术的研究

虚拟光栅变频投影三维测量技术采用多光束干涉条纹形成虚拟余弦光栅,将虚拟余弦光栅投影到被测物体上得到被物体形貌调制的变形虚拟光栅。通过调整多光束干涉的楔角改变虚拟光栅频率,将两幅不同频率的变形虚拟光栅经过光学接收系统成像在CCD像机上,对CCD像机记录的变频变形光栅图像进行综合处理从而获取被测物体的三位形貌。本文给出了这种测量技术的原理,实验结果表明,采用变频虚拟光栅投影三维形貌测量技术可以有效地解决三维测量中被测物体高度变化率过大引起相位展开困难的问题。     

Profile measurement taken with liquid-crystal gratings

Profile measurement taken with liquid-crystal gratings and a phase-shifting technique is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified by experiment. The surface profile is obtained by measurement of the phase distributions of the sinusoidal gratings deformed by an object's surface. The liquid-crystal grating gives an accurate phase shift, an arbitrary projection pitch, and a constant surface brightness compared with conventional gratings such as a laser interference fringe grating and a Ronchi grating. Therefore a flexible measuring system may be developed with it. Two gratings with different pitches are used to measure an object with large steps. A two-color projection system can be used to produce such gratings simultaneously. Locally varying reflectivity on a surface can also be compensated by adjustment of the color component of the projected grating with a liquid-crystal grating. Thus the contrast in the projected grating can be made uniform, and a good profile measurement can be accomplished.     

JC—1型精密测角仪的研制

本文介绍了一种高精度、积木式、多功能的能进行动态测量的精密测角仪,动态测角不确定度小于0.19角秒;该机能测角、测光栅、测量光学材料折射率等,测折射率能自动寻找最小偏向角自动测样品顶角,并打印测量结果。