浅谈石化企业疏水阀的选型和使用

简要介绍了疏水阀的三大种类:机械型疏水阀、热静力型疏水阀和热动力型疏水阀。比较了各种疏水阀的性能,详述了疏水阀的工作压差、允许最高背压以及凝结水量等的计算,通过疏水阀分类和工作原理的介绍,指导疏水阀的选型和使用。     

疏水阀的选择

简要介绍了疏水阀的三大种类:机械型疏水阀、热静力型疏水阀和热动力型疏水阀。比较了各种疏水阀的性能,详述了疏水阀的工作压差、允许最高背压以及凝结水量等的计算;给出了一个设计项目中的疏水阀选择实例,以期能对设计人员在选用疏水阀这种节能装置方面起到一定的参考作用。     

蒸汽疏水阀的选型和使用探讨

疏水阀应用领域广泛,在蒸汽系统中看似微不足道,但却对企业的节能降耗起着重要作用。目前市场上疏水阀的种类繁多、性能各异,在选型上存在一定的难度,本文概述了疏水阀的分类及工作原理,并对不同类型疏水阀的性能特点作了描述,以期能对技术人员在疏水阀选型方面起到一定的参考作用。     

现行疏水阀的特点及选型

在化工生产中,疏水阀常用于化工装置的蒸汽系统之中。疏水阀的合理选型对化工装置的稳定运行以及蒸汽回收和利用具有重要的意义,给化工生产带来较好的经济效益。目前,市场上的疏水阀品种较多,性能各异,因此,在疏水阀的选型上具有一定的难度。本论文介绍了化工生产中常用的疏水阀的类型、工作原理及主要特点,总结了疏水阀的选型方法和要点。     

提高和保证疏水阀完好率的原则和方法

对我国西北地区部分石化企业的疏水阀进行的节能监测结果显示:大部分企业疏水阀的完好率达不到中石油标准要求,主要原因是选型不尽合理、辅助配套系统安装存在问题以及节能监测体系未建立。总结归纳了疏水阀的类型、工作原理、性能和特点,对疏水阀的选型、安装和节能监测提出具体要求,期望能对石化企业疏水阀完好率的提高和保证提供依据。     

橡胶轮胎公司蒸汽冷凝水回收与利用

轮胎厂原用汽设备所装备的热动力式疏水阀存在过冷度大、漏汽严重、寿命短等缺陷,造成热量及蒸汽的浪费.对整个冷凝水回收装置重新做了改进,更换了疏水阀形式,新设计了管网,集中建立了回收泵站.新回收系统提高了回收效率,节约了能源,年可节省近90万元,效果显著.     

最新节能型疏水阀—SUH型浮碟式疏水阀

<正> 前 言 随着生产技术的发展,蒸汽疏水阀已越来越得到人们的重视。在以往的年代里有些工厂对疏水阀的节能意义认识不足,感到小小的疏水阀与用蒸汽的设备相比,它的汽量被认为是微不足道的。因此,在供热设备的出口处不是装疏水阀而是装截止阀门来进行生产的。又有些工厂虽然知道了蒸汽疏水阀能节约蒸汽,但并不了解疏水阀的性能和使用方法,因此任意选用和按装流水阀后,仍未达到预期的节能效果,也就感到效果不佳而放任不管。     

蒸汽冷凝水回收系统改造及效益分析

章简要介绍了疏水阀的类型及选型原则。选择质量好且耐背压的倒吊桶型疏水阀，选择热动力式疏水泵和合适的闪蒸罐，合理敷设管道，将原分散的就地排放的蒸汽冷凝水及其产生的二次蒸汽加以回收利用；通过对疏水阀性价比的比较，得出性能优良的疏水阀及其回收系统在节能上的巨大优势；借鉴国内外同行的先进经验，还提出了今后蒸汽疏水系统改造的方向和应注意的问题。     

载重子午线轮胎内温疏水阀自动排凝硫化工艺研究

研究内温疏水阀自动排凝硫化工艺对载重子午线轮胎硫化质量和能耗的影响。结果表明：相对于切断阀定时排凝硫化工艺,采用疏水阀自动排凝硫化工艺且在蒸汽/氮气转换段边通氮气边排凝,轮胎硫化程度均一性提高,能耗下降约50%,轮胎耐久性能提升约4%,滚动阻力系数不变,但疏水阀过滤网需定期进行维护保养,以免出现疏水阀堵塞和密封性能不佳的问题。     

日本UFO疏水阀专利综述

<正> 蒸汽疏水阀是蒸汽系统中不可缺少的主要部件之一,其性能的优劣对系统的正常运行,设备热效率的提高和能源的有效利用等都具有重要的作用。 疏水阀的种类很多,目前比较先进的是日本“TLV”公司发明的“UFO”即自由浮球式蒸汽疏水阀。     

Water diffusion in polymer coatings containing water-trapping particles. Part 2. Experimental verification of the mathematical model

The influence of the water microtraps (cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid) sodium salt spherical particles) with high sorption capacity and low diffusion coefficient on the water penetration through the epoxy coating has been investigated. Water diffusion coefficients for the pure epoxy coating as well as composite coatings with 5% and 3.7% content of water traps have been estimated by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and microbalance measurement methods. Experimental results were compared with the mathematical model of diffusion in composite media. The presence of the particles capable of binding water reversibly (water traps) significantly slows down the diffusion rate. Composites with water traps dispersed in the whole volume of the coating and sandwich-structured coatings composed of 3 layers with particles located only inside the middle layer have been examined. The diffusion rate has been found to depend not only on the concentration of the water traps but also on the location of the particles inside the coating. Both kinds of composites exhibit lower diffusion coefficient in comparison with the pure coating, however in the case of the sandwich-structured composites this effect is significantly stronger and much closer to that predicted by the model. Water diffusion coefficient for the sandwich-structured composite with 5% addition of water traps is ca. three times lower than for the pure epoxy coating.     

Formation and inhibition of free radicals in electrically stressed and aged insulating polymers

Previous work has shown that prebreakdown, electrical aging, and breakdown phenomena are directly associated with charge carriers injected from electrical contacts and their subsequent dissociative trapping and recombination. In addition, the energy released from each trapping or recombination event is dissipated in the breaking of the bonds of macromolecules, thus forming free radicals and new traps in the electrically stressed insulating polymers, as predicted by Kao's model. It is this gradual degradation process that leads to electrical aging and destructive breakdown. New experimental results are presented to confirm previous findings and a new approach to inhibit the degradation process by the incorporation of suitable dopants into the polymer. The concentration of free radicals in the polymer increases with an increasing electric field at a fixed stress time of 250 h and with increasing stress time at a fixed electric field of 833 kV cm^?1. The concentration of free radicals is directly related to the concentration of new traps created by stress. However, when suitable dopants are incorporated, the initiation voltage for the occurrence of electrical treeing and the breakdown strength are both increased. The dopants tend to create shallow traps and have little effect on the deep trap concentration. This implies that the dopants act as free‐radical scavengers that tend to satisfy the unpaired electrons of the broken bonds, which create new acceptor‐like electron traps and new shallow traps. By doing so, the shallow traps screen the deep traps, thereby reducing the energy released during trapping and recombination and the probability of breaking the macromolecular bonds and causing structural degradation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3416–3425, 2003     

Intra- and interspecific avoidance of areas marked with skin extract from brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) in a natural habitat

The detection of a chemical alarm pheromone may allow receivers to avoid areas where a predator has captured the prey's conspecifics. We marked minnow traps with either brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) skin extract or a control of distilled water and tested whether sticklebacks avoided the skin extract marked traps in a natural habitat. Significantly more sticklebacks were captured in traps marked with control water, thereby demonstrating avoidance of conspecific skin extract. The stickleback captured in traps marked with conspecific extract were significantly smaller than those captured in traps marked with control water, implicating ontogenetic factors (i.e., experience or physiological development) in the development of the response. We also captured significantly fewer finescale dace (Chrosomus neogaeus) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in traps marked with skin extract. These data suggest that dace and minnows may benefit by avoiding areas where predators have recently captured sticklebacks.     

透辉石在研制瓷质砖中的应用研究

本文借助XRD、SEM等分析手段 ,从试样的白度、吸水率、收缩率及维氏硬度的变化情况探讨了透辉石的掺加对瓷质砖瓷化性能的影响。研究表明 ,适宜的透辉石掺量 (1 0 % )有利于提高瓷质砖的瓷化程度 ,降低烧结温度     

Palm Weevil Pheromones – Discovery and Use

Male-produced aggregation pheromones of seven major pest species of weevils in the subfamily Rhynchophorinae have been identified as a closely related set of methyl-branched secondary alcohols. Although the weevils produce only one stereoisomer of these alcohols, no instances of isomeric inhibition have been observed, enabling stereoisomeric mixtures to be used in traps. Addition of fermenting plant material to traps synergizes attraction of weevils to the pheromones. The weevils are large, have long life cycles, and are strong fliers. These characteristics make mass trapping a suitable tactic to add to existing management strategies. When coupled with good phytosanitary practices, mass trapping of Rhynchophorus palmarum at 1 trap/5-ha significantly lowered the incidence of red ring nematode infection vectored by the weevil in commercial oil palm plantations in the Americas. Similarly, trap densities of 1–10 traps/ha have significantly lowered R. ferrugineus infestation of date palm throughout the Middle East. Although management of R. ferrugineus in urban areas is more problematic, trapping is an integral part of most programs aimed at protection of ornamental Canary palms in Europe. Overall, semiochemically-based management of these large weevils is now a mature and usually economically feasible control technology.     

碳黑水泵机封频繁损坏原因分析及对策

分析碳黑水泵机械密封频繁失效的原因,提出改进机封冲洗水工艺流程、采用螺旋轴套、提高＂O＂型密封圈材质、确定合适的端面比压等改进措施,延长碳黑水泵机械密封的使用寿命。     

加酸提高全有机碱性水稳剂循环水浓缩倍数的运行

通过对循环水全有机碱性水质稳定剂实际应用情况的研究,结合饱和指数（Is）、稳定指数（RIS）、结垢指数（PSI）等指数的计算,在保证循环水水质稳定的前提下,通过适度加酸改变原设计的自然pH值运行方式,将循环水浓缩倍数由3倍提升至5倍运行,达到降低循环水药剂消耗和补水耗量的同时减少排污水量,实现节能减排的目的。     

Avoidance of conspecific injury-released chemical cues by free-ranging Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea:Amphipoda)

Behavioral responses to chemical cues have been demonstrated for a range of aquatic animals. Injury-released chemical alarm cues from conspecifics are released when a prey's predator is actively foraging. Detection of these cues elicits antipredator behaviors that reduce the probability of predation. Amphipod crustaceans in the genus Gammarus are widespread denizens of ponds and streams. Antipredator responses by Gammarus to conspecific alarm cues, and subsequent reduction of predation risk, are known from experiments in the laboratory. Here, we verify laboratory findings by demonstrating an avoidance response to alarm cues using a field population of G. lacustris. We used small traps baited with sponge blocks containing either water (control) or injury-released cues from Gammarus. We repeated the experiment twice. In both experiments, significantly fewer Gammarus were captured in traps with alarm cue sponges than in traps with water sponges. Predatory leeches Dina parva were attracted to Gammarus traps in the first experiment but not the second experiment. In the second experiment, we measured the individual weight of captured amphipods. Two size classes were present; small (1-5 mg) and large (35-108 mg). Both sizes contributed to the avoidance response. Within the large size class, small individuals were significantly less responsive to the alarm cue than large individuals, implying that small adult Gammarus may have different cost/benefit decision criteria for risk assessment than large Gammarus.     

Moldflow软件在注塑模具CAE中的应用

以一款MP3前面板为例,介绍Moldflow软件在注塑模具CAE中的应用,叙述如何用该软件进行模流分析,如何利用分析结果预测熔体填充过程及可能出现的熔接痕、气穴、翘曲等缺陷,为模具设计及注塑工艺的确定提供参考。