强流脉冲电子束W18Cr4V高速钢表面处理

利用solo-强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)装置对W18Cr4V高速钢进行表面辐照处理.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、EDS能谱仪、超微载荷显微硬度计研究了该钢HCPEB处理后的表面形貌、表层组织结构、元素成分、显微硬度的变化.结果表明,HCPEB辐照处理使该钢表面出现火山口状熔坑、微小孔洞引起的波动起伏形貌,表层组织由回火马氏体变为极细奥氏体,熔化层碳元素含量的提高,增加了奥氏体常温稳定性.由于HCPEB辐照处理高速钢表层温度场及应力场的变化,试样在距表面以下300μm范围内出现显微硬度提高,最高硬度比基体提高约30%.     

脉冲爆炸-等离子体处理M42高速钢的表面改性

为了提高M42高速钢的表面硬度和耐磨性,利用脉冲爆-炸等离子体(PDP)对该钢进行表面改性。通过SEM、XRD、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机研究了脉冲处理前后表面形貌、元素成分、表面硬度和耐磨损性的变化。结果表明,表层马氏体(α-Fe)向奥氏体(γ-Te)转变,少量碳化物FeW_3C溶解于γ-Fe中,表层出现残余压应力且晶粒细化,沉积在表面的"雨滴"状熔滴由W和O等元素组成。经两次脉冲处理后硬化层最厚耐磨性较好。     

表面机械研磨诱导AISl 304不锈钢表层纳米化I.组织与性能

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在AISl 304不锈钢上制备出纳米结构表层，研究纳米化行为及其对硬度的影响．结果表明：经过SMAT后，样品表面形成了厚度约为30μm的纳米晶层，显微组织由平均晶粒尺寸约为10nm的单一马氏体相演变为尺寸稍大的双相组织，在距表面30—300μm的范围内，显微组织由以亚微米级的奥氏体多系孪晶为主逐渐演变为单系孪晶．表面纳米化是晶粒碎化与纳米尺度新相形成共同作用的结果．与心部相比，表面硬度显著提高．     

表面机械研磨诱导AISI 304不锈钢表层纳米化Ⅰ.组织与性能

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在AISI 304不锈钢上制备出纳米结构表层,研究纳米化行为及其对硬度的影响.结果表明:经过SMAT后,样品表面形成了厚度约为30μm的纳米晶层,显微组织由平均晶粒尺寸约为10 nm的单一马氏体相演变为尺寸稍大的双相组织;在距表面30-300 μm的范围内,显微组织由以亚微米级的奥氏体多系孪晶为主逐渐演变为单系孪晶.表面纳米化是晶粒碎化与纳米尺度新相形成共同作用的结果.与心部相比,表面硬度显著提高.     

40Cr激光熔凝硬化组织形态及硬度研究

利用CO2轴流激光加工机对40Cr钢表面进行激光熔凝硬化处理.利用扫描电子显微镜、金相显微镜和显微硬度计研究了不同工艺下熔凝硬化层及基体的显微组织和硬度分布特征.实验表明:熔凝硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成;由表及里组织分别为极细隐晶马氏体 少量残余奥氏体、隐晶马氏体 碳化物 残余奥氏体、马氏体 回火屈氏体 铁素体.硬化层最高硬度约是基体的3倍;随着扫描速度的增加表层硬度先增加后减小,当扫描速度为2.5 m/min时,表层硬度最大,为1097.9 HK.     

脉冲爆炸-等离子体处理M42高速钢的表面改性研究

为了提高M42高速钢的表面硬度和耐磨性,利用脉冲爆炸-等离子体（PDP）对该钢进行表面改性。通过SEM、XRD、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机研究了脉冲处理前后表面形貌、元素成分、表面硬度和耐磨损性的变化。结果表明,表层马氏体α-Fe向奥氏体γ-Fe转变,少量碳化物FeW₃C溶解于γ-Fe中,表层出现残余压应力且晶粒细化,沉积在表面的“雨滴”状熔滴由W和O等元素组成。经两次脉冲处理后,硬化层最厚,耐磨性较好。     

YG8硬质合金强流脉冲电子束表面改性层的组织和性能

对YG8硬质合金试样进行强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)表面辐照处理。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射方法分析样品表层显微组织结构变化,测量基体及改性样品的表面显微硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,随着脉冲次数增加,试样表面熔化程度增加,WC晶粒细化,形成了2μm的重熔层。表面改性层形成WC_(1-x)、Co_3W_9C_4相。经25次脉冲处理样品的表面显微硬度增加到2105 HK。磨痕深度较基体降低约86%,磨损率降至17.9 mm~3·min~(-1),约为基体试样的48%。     

强流脉冲离子束辐照改善W9Cr4V轴承钢的表面性能

为改善W9Cr4V轴承钢表面性能,提高轴承使用寿命,研究强流脉冲离子束(HIPIB主要由C+(70%)、H+(30%组成))技术辐照处理效果。用1、10、20、30不同脉冲次数分别对W9Cr4V试片进行处理。采用倒置金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪、pin-on-disc(POD)方法、电化学工作站分别测量辐照前后试样的表面形貌和性能。结果表明,HIPIB辐照处理使W9Cr4V轴承钢试片近表层晶粒细化,产生了奥氏体相和碳化物,并且马氏体择优面发生改变,衍射峰向高角方向偏移并宽化。同时,由于HIPIB辐照处理快速升降温和冲击波的影响,处理后试片表面显微硬度最高提高了19.63%,表面耐磨性提高近2倍,耐腐蚀性显著改善。     

离子渗氮马氏体不锈钢的微观组织与腐蚀行为

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、极化曲线和显微硬度等方法研究表面离子渗氮X12Cr13马氏体不锈钢的渗氮层成分、显微组织结构、硬度以及腐蚀性能。结果表明:离子渗氮马氏体不锈钢表面形成了70μm的渗氮层,渗氮层由化合物层和扩散层组成,化合物层的组成相主要为γ-Fe N和ε-Fe N。离子渗氮不锈钢经过72 h纯水浸泡后表面发生点蚀。基体内部向表层的扩散降低了钢中的固溶铬含量以及渗氮层形成的孔隙和裂纹共同降低马氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。     

脉冲-爆炸等离子体工艺对M2高速钢表面改性的实验研究

利用脉冲爆炸-等离子体(Pulse Detonation-Plasma Technology,PDT)技术对M2高速钢进行了表面改性处理,利用SEM、XRD分析PDT处理前后M2高速钢的表层组织和相结构的影响,采用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机研究了PDT处理前后M2高速钢的显微硬度、耐磨性能的变化。结果表明:在PDT处理后,M2高速钢表面改性层内发生了马氏体向奥氏体的相转变,在表面层的残余奥氏体量随着距离的减小增加。在PDT处理过程中, M2高速钢的表面先发生光滑化,然后出现大量火山状熔坑,这是由于PDT处理过程中能量周期性导致表面热不稳定性造成的。改性层厚度随着距离的减小而逐渐增加,改性层组织细小致密,碳化物颗粒细小且分布均匀;改性层内显微硬度明显提高,耐磨性能提高2.48倍。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.