Internet of Things (IoT) is providing new services and insights by sensing contextual data but there are growing concerns of privacy risks from users that need immediate attention.
The Reason
The IoT devices and smart services can capture Personally Identifiable Information (PII) without user knowledge or consent. The IoT technology has not reached the desired level of maturity to standardize security and privacy requirements.
The Solution
IoT Privacy by Design is a user-centric approach for enabling privacy with security and safety as a ‘win-win’ positive outcome of IoT offerings, irrespective of business domain. The Proactive and Preventive Privacy (3P) Framework proposed in this paper should be adopted by the IoT stakeholders for building trust and confidence in end users about IoT devices and smart services. 相似文献
Up to now, “information process” has not had a scientifically conclusive definition nor its implicit structure.
The presenting information process performs logical operations with discrete information units (Bits) to achieve a goal, integrating the discrete mutually connected sequence of symbols and the extracting process’ hidden information in the structure of an information Observer. The probing time-space observation develops the unit of space-time geometry-memorizing logic.
The defined information process starts generating observations of a random process via the logic of probing impulses, sequentially cutting the process entropy measure and creating the discrete information units whose integration enfolds the information geometrical structure of an Observer. Found composite stages of the information process and the synthesized optimal process trajectory minimize observation time in an artificially designed information Observer with intellectual searching logic. The analytical modeling, computer simulations, and experimental applications validate the results. 相似文献
Method: Convenience sample of 34 healthy participants wore Stro II, Philadelphia, Headmaster, and AspenVista® cervical orthoses for four-hour periods. Participants reported discomfort level (scale 0–6) and location.
Results: Participants reported mean discomfort for all orthoses over the four-hour test between ‘a little discomfort’ and ‘very uncomfortable’ (mean discomfort score = 1.64, SD = 1.50). Seven participants prematurely stopped tests due to pain and six reported maximum discomfort scores. Significant linear increase in discomfort with duration of wear was found for all orthoses. Significantly less discomfort was reported with Stro II than Headmaster and Philadelphia. Age correlated with greater perceived discomfort. Orthoses differed in the location discomfort was experienced.
Conclusion: Existing cervical orthoses cause discomfort influenced by design and duration of wear with orthoses’ design the more significant factor. This work informed the design of a new orthosis and future orthoses developments.
Practitioner Summary: The purpose of this study was to gain greater knowledge about the discomfort caused by wearing of existing neck orthoses in order to inform the design and development of a new neck orthosis. This study gathers empirical data from a surrogate population and concludes that orthosis design is more influential than the duration of wear. 相似文献
Practitioner Summary
Practitioners experience challenges implementing programmes to reduce the burden of MSDs in workplaces. Implementing participatory interventions requires multiple workplace parties to be ‘on-board’. Disseminating and using evidence-based guides may help to overcome these challenges. Using evidence-based tools may help ergonomics practitioners implement PE programmes. 相似文献
To identify the areas where there is suspicion of illegal waste burial, a great amount of time is often necessary. As a matter of fact, the detection of suspicious areas is often based on a comparison of available airborne images with high temporal and spatial resolution, and surveys. This is also done to gather significant aspect of change as deep soil reshuffle in small excavation areas. These methods however, take a long time to be applied because large areas have to be analysed within sub-areas. Consequently, there is loss of understanding related to a wider and complete phenomenon that allows us to have information of all the territory that has undergone heavy transformations, especially if due to illegal conduct of waste disposal. As a result, there are no enough data to strategically evaluate how to counteract such illegal activities.
Since these areas have already been heavily disturbed and subjected to continuous changes over time, one or more detection techniques in a standardized procedure might only be applicable in some contexts. The above method comparison and survey is certainly a useful tool for detecting areas affected by excavation activities or waste illegal disposal. It also provides information where significant transformations have occurred in a short time.
The purpose of this work is the development of a processing procedure with Landsat images applicable to agro-ecosystems that can produce results in heavily transformed areas where suspicion of illegal waste burial is high. 相似文献
Method: We conducted a 24-week live user evaluation of push notifications used in a behavior-based mobile app for a meal replacement program to understand the role of push notifications in persuading users to engage with self-monitoring tasks.
Results: User perception of the prompts were verified through questionnaires, which in conjunction with the interaction logs show that users were tolerant of multiple daily prompts. The decline in compliance to the tasks set, however, shows that while the participants did not object to receiving prompts, they were less likely to respond to them as the study progressed.
Conclusions: Push notifications and user tasks are appropriate mechanisms to engage users with mobile technology in the short term. 相似文献
Practitioner Summary:
This paper examined if HR and HRV were sensitive to varying task demands in a fighter aviation environment and if these measures were related to variations in pilot’s performance. 相似文献
Forty-six students of Wroclaw University participated in a within-subject design experiment. Each subject participated in a non-VR control condition and in two experimental conditions. Participants navigated the VR game using a computer mouse, but the mouse sensitivity (and therefore amount of physical movement necessary to navigate) was different in each experimental condition. We also measured feeling of presence in VR, game behavior, and attitudes toward the game.
The amount of body movement while steering the game was related to a decrease in pain intensity, but not in pain tolerance. This was an opposite result to our previously published experiment where we found an effect on pain tolerance but not on sensitivity. There was no significant correlation between presence and any of the pain measures. 相似文献
Practitioner Summary: We modified an existing fatigue model using known physiological properties in order to predict fatigue during nine different submaximal force profiles; consistent with efforts seen in industrial work. We expect this model to be included in digital human modelling software, for the assessment of repetitive work and muscle fatigue in repetitive tasks.
Social Media Summary: The proposed model has applications for estimating task fatigue in proactive ergonomic analyses of complex force patterns using digital human models. 相似文献
Practitioner Summary:
We examined how Personal Health Information Management (PHIM) is performed in the homes of diabetic patients. We found that approaches to studying cognition that focus on the individual, to the exclusion of their context, overlook the pivotal role of environmental, social, and technological features in shaping PHIM. 相似文献
Auditing a strategic plan begins with a review of what it constitutes (its elements) and the methodology (its process) used in developing the plan. It thus becomes much easier to focus the audit effort in determining whether the output for each step along the way in these two broad streams has been achieved.
If not carefully planned and executed, a strategic plan audit could do irreparable damage to the reputation of the audit effort throughout the organization. As a result, it requires a multi-talented team with a high-powered leader, preferably the chief audit executive.
Although a strategic plan fails due to such common factors as planning teams lacking an understanding of the business, lack of commitment, not having the right people, or not adapting to a changing environment to take full advantage of technological developments, there is a key reason often overlooked: lack of an audit of the plan itself which, if done properly, could uncover these reasons for failure long before they happen. 相似文献
—formality of the modeling methodology
—ability to model static and dynamic aspects
—ability to pass between levels of differently rich structures by morphisms
—uniform representation of the communication process as
—an information process
—a decision process and
—a control process
—homogeneity of the representation and modeling methods
—ability to derive qualitative and quantitative statements.
The foundation is provided by a Discrete Event-Dynamic Net System which includes the axiomatic declaration of general Petri nets. In order to calculate the structural and dynamic aspects, so-called Petri net machines are developed. It is shown that this approach can even be used to treat the following aspects:
—use of time during the process
—increase of costs during the generation and transportation of information
—augmentation, evaluation and transformation of information objects.
Recursive formulas are derived and some examples calculated. 相似文献
Practitioner Summary: Designing work environments for creativity is a new topic in ergonomics research and practice. The present study demonstrates indirect effects of coloured accent light on creativity providing interesting possibilities for the design of workplaces for knowledge workers, classrooms and all other rooms in which people work on new ideas. 相似文献
Practitioner Summary:
The construction workers’ uniform currently used in Hong Kong during summer was unsatisfactory. Following DeJonge’s functional clothing design process, an anti-heat stress uniform was developed by testing 30 fabrics and predicting clothing thermal functional performance using S-smart system. The new uniform could reduce the workers’ heat stress and improve their comfort and work performance. 相似文献
Stakeholders perceive that the digital preservation management innovation has relative advantages over other traditional ways of managing and preserving heritage information in many ways, including; as an effective means to manage cultural heritage resources; enhancing collaboration and resource sharing; contributes to the building strong cultural institutions; leading to the establishment of a national digital memory for developing countries; as an effective means to preserve value of cultural identity for the long term into the digital future; and enabling research and advancement of cultural knowledge.
Findings from the literature analysis also show that these relative advantages of the digital preservation management (DPM) innovation occur in similar forms in other developing countries in Africa. Further empirical studies in other developing countries are recommended to fully ascertain the main relative advantages of the DPM innovation over traditional approaches of heritage resources management and preservation. 相似文献
A prototype able to deliver synchronized information related with TV content, with intervals of 10, 30 and 60 s, followed by individual or combined notifications (e.g., audio, visual, and haptic—on the tablet and visual—on the TV) was developed. A laboratory adapted to replicate a living room was set up and a test that involved watching three segments of a 20-min clip while using the prototype was carried with 30 participants, under a cognitive walk-through protocol.
Quantitative and qualitative results show that receiving notifications while watching TV is effective in alerting users about new information, despite its inherent cognitive disturbance for the TV viewing experience. It was also possible to highlight that in an HCI perspective, the most suitable strategy for integrating notifications (considering type and cadence) should be based on a combination of a visual notification (displayed only on the TV screen) along with a haptic notification (vibration on the tablet); spaced by an interval of at least 30 s. 相似文献
Then we solve the transformed problem by the newly introduced minimal rank weakly stabilising solution of the most general discrete-time algebraic Riccati system (DARS), associated with the system given by matrix quadruple (A, B, C, D), with unstabilisable matrix pair (A, B).
We show and illustrate by examples that there is a class of LQ tracking problems in the presence of disturbances, which cannot be solved by the existing methods, but can be solved by the introduced minimal rank weakly stabilising solution of the DARS. 相似文献
Practitioners’ Summary
With little requirement for physical work in many modern automated manufacturing workplaces, there is often minimal management focus on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) as important occupational health problems. Our model provides evidence that psychosocial factors are important risk factors in symptoms of WRMSD and should be managed. 相似文献
Practitioner summary:
In this paper, we report a laboratory-based experiment conducted to assess the one-handed static pull strength of a Chinese population and compare the results with those of an American population. The variables associated with pull strength included gender, pulling direction, pulling height, race, body mass and men’s handgrip force. 相似文献