基于工学结合的高职教育教学管理制度研究

随着各高职院校工学结合、校企合作的深入,原有的教学管理制度显然无法适应新的教学模式要求,甚至阻碍了工学结合长效机制的形成。对此就工学结合人才培养模式下如何规范日常教学管理、完善教学管理制度、实现教学质量过程的监控与评价等方面问题进行探讨和研究。     

行业高职院校构建工学结合人才培养模式的探讨

以分析行业高职院校特点为基础,以我院工学结合人才培养模式的实践为依据,对行业高职院校在实践工学结合人才培养模式过程中存在的问题予以总结,探讨行业高职院校工学结合人才培养模式得以顺利实施的诸多保障.     

民办高职院校教师队伍现状与对策研究

教师是教育发展的第一资源,教师队伍建设是教育强国的基础性工程。在职业教育扩招的大背景下,加强师资队伍建设是职业教育内涵式发展的根本要求。教师队伍质量直接影响民办高职院校的办学水平和发展前景。目前,民办高职院校教师队伍存在着数量不足、流动性大、高层次人才和教学团队短缺、"双师型"团队专业化水平较低等问题。民办高职院校要以人事制度改革为突破口,激发活力;以教师培育培训为主抓手,提升能力;以增强教师对民办教育的认同感为着力点,增强引力。     

深化校企合作,创新人才培养模式

校企合作是提高高职教育办学水平的重要措施,我院以应用技术研究为先导,以互惠互利为原则,整合科学研究、技术开发、生产经营等校内外教育教学资源,形成了多样化的"工学结合"人才培养模式,实现学生、教师、学校和企业多方共赢,提高了办学效益。     

创新高职音乐技能人才“工学结合”培养模式研究

长期以来,高校对音乐技能人才的培养都侧重于音乐的技能技巧方面,但一名只具备音乐技能的大学生毕业后如何适应社会的要求,却是高职院校人才培养模式中较少涉猎的。如何才能使音乐技能人才也能科学有序地做到"工学结合"?经过十年的教学实践,笔者对音乐类专业教学作了改革和尝试,构建"技巧+表演"的课堂教学模式和"课堂+舞台+岗位"的人才培养模式,将两种模式相结合,提高了学生的综合职业能力,培养出音乐技能实用型人才,体现了高职教育的价值和特色。     

工学结合模式下高职思想政治课教学改革探析

工学结合人才培养模式,作为高职院校内涵建设形成的重要理论成果已经深入人心,对此分析改革的必要性和可行性,借鉴行动导向教学法,从课程教学内容的设计、教学方法和考核方式改革等方面,对思想政治理论课教学改革进行积极探讨,试图找到一条适合高职人才培养模式的改革新路,以提高高职思想政治理论课教学的实效。     

“就业导向”下高职法制教育的反思

高职院校的法制教育较普通本科院校有其自身的特点。在"就业导向"的办学理念下,很多高职院校的法制教育都处于一种"被边缘化"的状态,难以适应社会现实对高职院校学生法律素质的要求,必须通过优化课程设置、改革教学方式等途径改进和加强高职院校学生的法制教育,更好地实现高职院校的人才培养目标。     

订单班与学徒制模式在建筑设备专业的探索

目前高职"订单班与现代学徒制"模式下建筑设备专业的创新与改革主要存在着校企共赢、优势互补、工学结合特色的体现等问题。对此,提出高职建筑设备专业创新与改革的特色,推进专业工学深度融合。基于"订单班与现代学徒制"模式,本专业建设取得了一定的成效。     

人本教育理念下高职学生事务管理模式路径探析

随着我国高职院校招生就业政策、学校教学制度的改革和大学生主体意识的增强,学生事务管理工作面临一系列问题和挑战。为此,以"以人为本"的科学发展观为指导,对高职院校学生事务管理工作现状进行分析探讨,提出构建我国高职院校学生事务管理模式的新路径。     

高职“校企合作”模式下建筑设备专业的改革与创新

目前高职“校企合作”模式下建筑设备专业的创新与改革主要体现于校企共赢、优势互补、工学结合特色的发挥等方面,对此,提出高职建筑设备专业创新与改革的特色模式,以此推进专业工学深度融合.在此校企合作模式引领下,专业改革取得明显成效.     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。