钢铁国有企业与民营企业市场营销差异

钢铁行业国有企业与民营企业由于体制不同，在营销战略、营销机制、营销策略、营销理念方面存有差异。国有企业在这些方面具有超前和务实的特点。具有社会责任感；民营企业则突出强调了发展快、机制活。具有决策机制灵活高效的特长，同时指出，国有企业与民营企业都在相互学习与借鉴，市场营销逐步走向规范化和制度化。     

企业营销策略浅议

在我国市场经济不断完善，市场机制不断加强之际，各种营销管理活动水平不断提高，方法更加先进科学，一个具有中国特色的营销管理模式初步形成。企业，特别象白地市钢铁厂这种类型的中小企业，如何在新的市场机制与激烈的市场竞争中发挥自己的优势，扬长避短，选择适合自己产品的营销策略，使本企业在大市场的海洋中立于不败之地，需要很好地从理论上及实际中去探索和研究。1企业必须谨慎科学地制定营销策略任何企业都不可忽视产品的营销策略，因为它既是企业经营活动的一个相对独立的方面，又是最终决定企业效益的关键所在。事实表明，一…     

电力营销管理的创新

本文阐述了电力营销数字一体化管理及其体系结构，并分析了电力营销数字一体化的管理创新与产生的效果，仅供参考。     

内部营销--人力资源管理新思想

在知识经济时代，将内部营销的思想引入企业人力资源管理，是企业人力资源管理改革的新思路。文章在介绍内部营销的概念及核心思想基础上，对内部营销在企业人力资源管理工作中的实际运作做了进一步探讨。     

技术营销的优势

介绍了新产品进入市场的切入点，发挥技术销售的优势，更好的与用户的生产、技术部门合作，形成双方互动的良性循环，以点带面，口碑相传，赢得用户，赢得市场。     

论企业营销管理创新

本文从观念创新，技术创新，市场创新，服务创新四个方面论述企业营销管理创新。     

浅谈县级供电企业电力营销策略

介绍了我国县级供电企业电力营销现状及问题，提出了改善县电力企业营销水平的对策，为改变当前我国县级电力营销落后的现状提供有价值的参考。     

寻求市场竞争下的生存之路：钢铁企业的营销策略

随产丰我国计划经济向市场经济过渡的不断深入，钢产量已突破一亿吨大关，并成为世界第一产钢大国。     

四点成一线，营销不会乱——导引营销的导引线

导引点是导引营销的核心和灵魂，导引点设计好之后，下一步就是应用它，把它放在几个决定营销成败的关键要素上，把这几个关键点连接起来，形成一条线，于是就生成了导引线。     

钢铁企业营销创新

目前全国钢铁产量急剧增加，产能逐步释放，面对激烈的市场竞争，企业能否以新的营销观念为导向做出正确决策，打造自己的核心竞争力，不断改进营销策略与方法，主动实施营销创新，积极适应并迅速占领市场，尽快做强做大变得日益迫切。     

Slab-on-Grade versus Framed Slab

This paper presents comprehensive and practical engineering review (not mathematics or computer science paper) of the observed behavior of the two types of slabs that have been used for the bottom floor slabs, at grade and underground, of buildings in the United States and overseas. The typical design of the slab-on-grade (SOG) built in the United States is described. The design requires only nominal reinforcing steel, but modern day design also requires ground preparation and improvement as necessary, including underslab perforated drainage pipe network embedded in the granular subbase, riser pipes, and a series of pumps. Sealing at all slab isolation joints and waterproofing membrane or water barrier system are provided for water tightness. The framed slab is supported directly on the building framing and on the building foundation. The design can accommodate the soil and underground water pressure and in itself is watertight as the slab is cast monolithically with the structural walls and footings. The behavior of the SOG depends so much on the behavior (soil properties) of the soil strata on which the slab is resting on. It is sensitive to the variation of the soil conditions at and around building foundations, leading to uneven bumpy and cracked slab and leaking basement. These were demonstrated in the report of short- and long-term performances of various projects in Thailand and United States in the past 25 years. The paper refers to various analysis and design techniques that may be used to improve the design of both the SOG and the framed slab for serviceability and economy. It is concluded that both types of slabs may be selected to suit the functions and serviceability requirements of the buildings. The SOG requires less concrete and reinforcement than those for the framed slab counterpart, but when all other factors are considered including additional underslab drainage and pump system, operating, and long-term performance and maintenance, the overall costs of both slabs may not be far apart, yet the performance and integrity of the framed slab will certainly be superior.     

Formation and Evolution of the Jiuduansha Shoal over the Past 50 Years

The formation and geomorphic evolution of the Jiuduansha Shoal are investigated over the past 50 years in this paper. The sedimentary processes, formation, and geomorphic evolution of the Jiuduansha Shoal in the Yangtze River Estuary, eastern China, are analyzed based on digitized sea maps from 1945 to 2001, satellite images from 1975 to 2001, and field survey data in the spring-neap tidal cycle in the dry and flood seasons in 2003. The suspended sediment concentration and hydrodynamics of the North Passage and South Passage during the dry and flood seasons in the spring-neap tidal cycle in 2003 were investigated, and relations between the North Passage and South Passage of the Jiuduansha Shoal are analyzed. Results show that seasonal and spring-neap tidal cycle variations in sediment and water discharge from the drainage basin correspond to erosion and deposition on the Jiuduansha Shoal. The results and data can provide useful information for the management of the Yangtze River Estuary and restoration of the estuarine tidal flat ecology.     

铜萃取电积厂的设计探讨

根据长期的设计工作经验和生产实践,针对铜萃取电积工艺设计的相关问题进行探讨,并提出适用的设计方案。其中,工艺部分包括铜萃取电积工艺方案的确定、萃取剂的选用、相连续的控制等;设备及厂房布置部分探讨了设备和管路的适宜材质,溶液池容积和结构形式、设备选择和厂房布置方式;根据车间生产介质的性质采用相应的消防方式;最后介绍了该工艺的投资成本及技术经济指标。     

以数字基建支撑钢铁行业内涵式发展

 为了研究数据在钢铁行业的生态化利用问题,介绍了中国钢铁行业发展面临的新形势,以及新发展阶段对钢铁企业的新型能力要求,阐述了钢铁行业存在的问题及发展趋势,分析了钢铁行业数据资源特点及数字赋能基础,数据要素与土地、劳动力、资本、技术等传统生产要素不断交叉融合,从提升企业核心竞争力、优化行业资源配置、支撑政府行业治理3个层面,总结了钢铁行业数据发力的重点领域,提出以基于区块链的“数字基建”构建行业新型信用体系,支撑钢铁内涵式发展。     

Analysis of Arch Dams Using Coupled Trial Load and Block Element Methods

This paper presents the use of the trial load method and the block element method with elastoviscoplastic discontinuities for analysis of arch dams. The arch dam is considered as an arch-cantilever system and the foundation as a block element system. With the displacement compatibility condition at the contact surface of the dam and the foundation (including abutment), the governing equations of the arch dam and foundation are established. These methods are used for the analysis of the double curvature arch dam with complex geology conditions of the Xiaowan Hydroelectric Project in China. The deformation and stress states in both the dam body and the foundation are determined. Furthermore, the stability safety factors of the foundation and the abutment are calculated at the same time, which allows for an optimal design of the arch dam considering the strength, the deformation and the stability of the dam and foundation.     

Comprehensive Composite Inelastic Fiber Element for Cyclic Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns

This paper presents the development of a comprehensive composite beam-column fiber element for large displacement nonlinear inelastic analysis of concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns. The bond/slip formulation represents the interaction between concrete and steel over the entire contact surface between the two materials. Thus, the modeling accounts for the two factors that cause the slippage between steel shell and concrete core. The first factor is the difference between axial elongation of the steel shell and the concrete core, and the second is the difference between curvatures in the cross section for the concrete core and the steel shell. These effects are integrated over the perimeter and are added to the virtual work expression of the basic element. Furthermore, the constitutive models employed for concrete and steel are based on the results of a recent study and include the confinement and biaxial effects. A 13 degree of freedom (DOF) element with three nodes, which has five DOF per end node and three DOF on the middle node, has been chosen. The quadratic Lagrangian shape functions for axial deformation and the quartic Hermitian shape functions for the transverse directions are used. The model is implemented to analyze several CFT columns under constant concentric axial load and cyclic lateral load. The effect of semi- and perfect bond is investigated and compared with experiments. Good correlation has been found between experimental results and theoretical analyses. The results show that the use of a studded or ribbed steel shell causes greater ultimate strength and higher dissipation of energy than the columns with nonstudded steel shells.     

RC Slabs Strengthened with Prestressed and Gradually Anchored CFRP Strips under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

This paper presents the test results of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with prestressed and gradually anchored carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips under monotonic and cyclic loading. To take full advantage of the externally bonded CFRP technique, it is beneficial to apply the laminates in a prestressed state, which relieves the stress in the steel reinforcement and reduces crack widths and deflection. The aim of the monotonic tests was to determine the strengthening efficiency of the new prestressing technique and to investigate serviceability and ultimate states. The cyclic tests were performed to identify the fatigue behavior of the strengthened slabs and to investigate the influence of long-term cyclic loading and elevated temperature on the bond properties of the prestressed CFRP laminates and the ductility and flexural strength of the strengthened slabs. A nonlinear analytical model of reinforced concrete members strengthened with passive and prestressed CFRP strips under static loading is proposed in the paper. A comparison of the experimental and predicted results reveals an excellent agreement in the full range of loading.     

Dilatational and Compacting Behavior around a Cylindrical Cavern Leached?Out in a Solid–Fluid Elastic Rock Salt

A fluid-filled cylindrical cavern of circular cross section in a homogeneous infinite fluid-saturated polycristalline (salt) formation subjected to isotropic stress is set under internal pressure that differs from the confining pressure. The fluid in the cavern and in the mixture is treated as ideal and the solid as elastic. The state of stress that is established as a consequence of an outside pressure and a cavern pressure serves as the reference state. Perturbing the cavern pressure induces small changes in the solid and fluid densities and in the solid displacements. We compute these and other fields as functions of the radial distance from the cavern center and show that, depending on the relative stress levels, the (salt) formation experiences either a dilatation or a compaction that is highly concentrated in a thin boundary layer near the cavern wall and tapers off as one moves away from it. The amount of dilatation/compaction of the cylindrical wall and the thickness of the boundary layer grow with an increase in the difference between the referential confining pressure and the pressure in the cavern.     

火炮身管用钢现状及发展趋势

火炮身管用钢决定了身管类武器的使用性能,影响火炮的作战持续性与机动性。通过对国内外火炮身管用钢合金成分体系、制造工艺流程、材料主要性能指标总结分析,指出当前国内外炮钢主要牌号、性能水平以及存在高温性能不足的问题。通过调研国内外火炮用钢最新研究成果以及身管武器整体技术需求,总结和展望了火炮身管用钢的研究现状和发展趋势,针对大口径火炮研制高强韧炮钢以减轻壁厚和质量,针对中小口径速射火炮研制耐烧蚀性能炮钢以提高使用寿命。     

高炉炼铁数据缺失处理研究初探

针对高炉炼铁过程中的数据缺失问题,提出以单维结合多维的系统化数据填补模式.总结并阐述数据缺失填补办法的发展现状以及优劣势比较.在此基础上,通过对河北某钢铁厂的实际高炉生产数据进行分类比较,并结合填补办法的优缺点,针对高炉炼铁数据提出一套以简单统计类办法、线性插值法、机器学习法等多种办法相结合的方案,以实现高炉数据的深度...