步进距离对HVAF喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层孔隙率和显微硬度的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂HVAF技术以WC-10Co-4Cr为原料,在7A04铝合金表面制备WC-10Co-4Cr耐磨陶瓷涂层。通过扫描电镜对涂层形貌及孔隙率进行了研究,利用显微硬度仪对涂层硬度进行测量。通过以上实验分析了不同步进距离对HVAF喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层孔隙率的影响。结果表明,通过HVAF技术加工的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层与7A04铝合金基材结合良好,且随步进距离的增加,涂层孔隙率随之增大,涂层硬度随之降低。     

304不锈钢表面激光制备Ti3SiC2-Ni基自润滑复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能

目的提高304不锈钢减摩耐磨性能。方法使用LDM-8060型半导体激光加工系统,制备出三种不同配比的Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基自润滑耐磨复合涂层。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及其自带的能谱仪(EDS)对304不锈钢与Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基涂层进行表征,并系统地分析其在室温和600℃下的摩擦学性能和磨损机理。结果复合涂层主要由Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11固溶体,硬质相Fe_2C、Cr_7C_3和Ti C,润滑相Ti_3SiC_2组成。其平均显微硬度分别为451.14、419.33、359.92HV0.5,明显高于304不锈钢基体的平均显微硬度(238.91HV0.5)。室温下,Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基复合涂层摩擦系数的平均值分别为0.41,0.46和0.48,磨损率分别为6.37×10~(-5)、16.52×10~(-5)、4.16×10~(-5) mm~3/(N·m),均低于304不锈钢(0.56、46.35×10~(-5) mm~3/(N·m))。在600℃下,Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基复合涂层的平均摩擦系数分别为0.38,0.43和0.41,磨损率分别为12.51×10~(-5)、7.58×10~(-5)、7.79×10~(-5)mm~3/(N·m),也均低于304不锈钢(0.66,24.25×10~(-5)mm~3/(N·m))。结论在室温和600℃下,Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基复合涂层能有效地提高304不锈钢的显微硬度,进而提升其摩擦学性能。其中添加10%Ti_3SiC_2的Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基复合涂层在600℃下表现出最好的耐磨性,而添加5%Ti_3SiC_2的Ti_3SiC_2-Ni基复合涂层在室温和600℃下表现出最好的减摩性能。     

高焓等离子喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观组织及其拉伸断裂机理

利用SQC-100高焓等离子喷涂系统在0Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢基体表面制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层;通过金相测试、摩擦磨损试验、拉伸试验,分别评价了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度、耐磨损性能、结合强度;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别观察和分析了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观形貌和成分。结果表明:WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率为0.77%,硬度为1 210HV,耐磨性是基体的143倍,涂层与基体保持着良好的结合,结合强度达到72 MPa;WC-10Co-4Cr涂层结构致密,主要由WC相及少量W2C相组成;WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的断裂主要表现为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂;提高粒子速率和温度可有效提高WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的结合强度。     

汽轮机叶片钢超音速火焰喷涂层和等离子喷焊层性能研究

目的 提高汽轮机叶片钢1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V的抗微粒冲蚀性能和抗水蚀性能。方法 利用超音速火焰喷涂技术和等离子喷焊技术在其表面分别制备了Cr3C2-NiCr75-25涂层、WC-10Co-4Cr涂层和Stellite 6合金喷焊层。借助扫描电镜（SEM）观察3种涂层水蚀凹坑的微观组织形貌,并对3种涂层的显微硬度、抗摩擦磨损性能、抗微粒冲蚀性能和抗水蚀性能进行分析。结果 3种涂层的平均显微硬度较基体均有显著提升,其中WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的平均显微硬度最高,其值为1314.6HV4.9 N。以Stellite 6合金涂层为摩擦副,Cr3C2-NiCr75-25涂层的摩擦系数为0.5~0.7,失重0.0131 g,而WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦系数为0.5~0.6,失重0.0007 g,显然WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的抗摩擦性能更好。抗微粒冲蚀性能试验中,最大磨痕深度由深到浅依次为：基体材料（94.658 μm）、Stellite 6合金层（85.932 μm）、Cr3C2-NiCr75-25涂层（81.163 μm）、WC-10Co-4Cr涂层（11.864 μm）。其对应的磨损率也逐渐减小。表面水蚀沟槽最大深度依次为：基体材料（445 μm）、Stellite 6合金层（70 μm）、Cr3C2-NiCr75-25涂层（80 μm）、WC-10Co-4Cr涂层（41 μm）。其对应造成的质量损失由30 mg/cm2逐渐变为3.3 mg/cm2。结论 3种涂层均具有一定的抗摩擦磨损性能、抗微粒冲蚀性能和抗水蚀性能,其中WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的各项性能均最佳,主要是该涂层中弥散分布了大量WC硬质相,使其显微硬度最高,加之其他相关性能共同作用的结果。     

火焰喷涂和等离子喷涂FeCrBSi涂层及其防滑和耐磨性能研究

目的采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)和火焰喷涂(FS)在304不锈钢基体上制备FeCrBSi涂层,并对比研究两种工艺制备涂层的防滑和耐磨性能。方法通过光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微形貌和结构进行分析,通过维氏硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度。采用摩擦磨损试验机和三维光学显微镜,测量涂层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦系数和磨损量。结果两种喷涂方法制备的涂层多孔,在喷涂过程中极少发生氧化。与火焰喷涂涂层(749HV0.1)相比,大气等离子喷涂涂层(837HV0.1)具有更高的维氏硬度值。在摩擦试验中,火焰喷涂涂层的磨损率为(38.63±2.37)×10~(-6)m~3/(N·m),而大气等离子喷涂涂层的磨损率为(9.5±0.49)×10~(-6)m~3/(N·m),但两种涂层的摩擦系数区别较小,在频率2 Hz、载荷10 N的条件下的摩擦系数为0.6~0.7。结论两种涂层的磨损机制均为疲劳磨损,喷涂态FeCrBSi涂层具有较好的防滑耐磨性能,且大气等离子喷涂涂层性能优于火焰喷涂涂层。     

热处理温度对大气等离子喷涂316L不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响

目的研究316L不锈钢涂层在不同热处理温度下组织结构和性能的变化规律,提高该涂层的摩擦学性能。方法利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术制备316L不锈钢涂层,对喷涂态涂层进行300~700℃热处理。通过光学显微镜(OM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察分析涂层的显微组织和相组成,利用维氏硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度值。采用摩擦磨损试验机和三维光学显微镜测试涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察磨痕表面并对磨损机制进行深入分析。结果喷涂态316L不锈钢涂层的厚度约为350?m,显微硬度值为335HV0.1,涂层组织中含有未熔颗粒、孔隙和氧化物等。在干摩擦条件下,涂层的摩擦系数稳定在0.75左右,磨损率为(1.329±0.14)×10-5 mm3/(N·m)。随着热处理温度的升高,涂层扁平颗粒界面处的氧化行为明显,同时涂层内部的孔隙缩小,涂层结构更加致密,使得涂层显微硬度提高了30%。涂层的耐磨性能在700℃热处理条件下最佳,磨损率为(1.149±0.26)×10-5 mm3/(N·m),较喷涂态涂层降低14%,磨损机制以疲劳磨损和粘着磨损为主。结论热处理有助于提高316L不锈钢涂层的显微硬度,700℃热处理可有效提高涂层的耐磨性。     

激光熔覆制备WC-12Co复合涂层的显微组织和性能（英文）

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆工艺制备WC-12Co复合涂层,并对涂层的相组成、显微组织演变、硬度和磨损性能进行综合研究。结果表明:在高扫描速率和高激光能量密度综合作用下,WC-12Co复合粉末边缘的WC部分溶解于液态Co和304不锈钢基体中,形成层片状WC和鱼骨状新型碳化物M_3W_3C(M=Fe,Co)。所得WC-12Co复合涂层致密化程度高,与基体形成良好的冶金结合,未出现气孔、裂纹和脱碳等缺陷。此外,当激光功率为1500 W时,在良好冶金结合与精细显微组织的综合作用下涂层的维氏硬度和耐磨性能显著提高,硬度达HV_(0.3) 1500～HV_(0.3) 1600,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率较低,分别为0.55和(2.15±0.3 1)×10~(-7)mm~3/(N·m)。     

等离子喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的组织演变与抗腐蚀磨损性能

为提高不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀耐磨损性能,利用等离子喷涂的方法制备了2种晶粒尺寸的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用SEM及EDS、XRD表征了涂层的组织和物相结构,进行了不同温度下的摩擦磨损试验,研究分析了晶粒尺寸对涂层组织与摩擦性能的影响。研究表明:WC-10Co-4Cr涂层微观结构中包含WC、W2C、W6Co6C,还存在Co/Cr(W,C)、W2(C,O)相;微米涂层中存在析出的W2C沿WC颗粒表面外延生长的包覆结构,而纳米WC涂层中,团聚粒子沿扁平粒子边界收缩,减少了扁平粒子内部的垂直贯穿裂纹。在室温和200℃时,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦系数与平均磨损率均优于微米涂层。纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在室温磨损的机制为硬质颗粒诱发的犁削磨损,在200℃时为以粘着磨损为主与微域犁削相结合的磨损形式。在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学特性显示,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层将1Cr18Ni9Ti基体的腐蚀电位由–612m V提高到–317～–252 mV,腐蚀倾向得以减弱。     

AC-HVAF制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层抗磨粒磨损性能研究

采用活性燃烧高速燃气(AC-HVAF)喷涂工艺制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、气孔率以及抗磨粒磨损性能。并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:在喷涂过程中,仅有很少量的WC发生合金化。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度高,组织结构致密。在相同的实验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损质量损失是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的266倍,这表明HVAF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

WC颗粒对WC-10Co-4Cr涂层结构演变与性能的影响

为提高不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀耐磨损性能,利用等离子喷涂的方法制备了两种晶粒尺寸的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用SEM、XRD表征了涂层的物相结构,在不同温度下进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究分析了晶粒对涂层微观结构与摩擦性能的影响。研究表明：相比较,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层微观结构中包含WC、W₂C,还存在Co/Cr(W, C)的γ相,未发现微米涂层中析出的W2C将沿WC颗粒表面外延生长的包覆结构,而且纳米团聚粒子更容易沿扁平粒子边界收缩,明显减少了粒子内部的垂直贯穿裂纹。在室温和200℃时,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层摩擦系数与平均磨损率均优于微米涂层。与微米涂层相比较,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在室温磨损的根源在于硬质颗粒诱发的犁削磨损,在200℃时为以粘着磨损为主的微域犁削相结合的磨损模式。并在3.5%NaCl溶液中将1Cr18Ni9Ti基体的腐蚀电位由-617mV提高到-335~-290mV,降低了腐蚀倾向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.