A new three‐input/output characteristic‐varying filter in the D‐module for direct processing of three‐phase signals

This paper proposes a new three‐input and three‐output characteristic‐varying filter in the D‐module for direct processing of three‐phase signals, which are becoming indispensable for effective active compensation of three‐phase power such as harmonics current, negative phase current, reactive power, and varying voltage compensations. The filter in the D‐module can show different filtering characteristics to positive, negative, and zero phase components of three‐phase signals and can allow direct processing of the signals based on frequency polarities. The filter in the D‐module can also change dynamically its filtering characteristics by simply injecting a shift‐signal to itself. These filtering effects are obtained in a very simple manner using the D‐module. A new unified analysis of attractive general characteristics of the proposed filter in the D‐module is given for its easy designs and realizations as well. Effectiveness of the analysis and usefulness of the filter in the D‐module are newly examined and confirmed through experiments. The newly proposed filter in the D‐module has potential regarding a variety of three‐phase signal filtering applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 28–38, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10170     

基于滤波提升的SVG电力无功补偿研究

针对地铁电力系统稳定性要求高的需求,提出一种基于改进SVG的无功补偿装置,其主要由信号处理模块、处理采集单元、变流器以及三相电压输出端组成。在补偿过程中,由电网采集得到的电压信号从信号处理模块通过,信号处理模块中对应设置了自适应形态学滤波器对电流、电压信号进行滤波调理,去除冲击干扰,并获取SVG相位补偿的控制触发信号,进而实现对于变流器的电压补偿和无功功率调节。实验测试了5种不同类型的待无功补偿电能畸变信号,其结果表明,对于不同程度的电能畸变信号,所述装置能够进行有效的无功补偿,使得电压信号的整体畸变程度被控制在0.5%以下,从而使负载性能得到保障。     

基于ADALINE的有源电力滤波器预测电流控制策略

为有效补偿有源电力滤波器(APF)的控制延时,提出一种基于自适应线性神经元(ADALINE)的APF预测电流控制策略。该策略通过ADALINE预测下一控制周期的参考电流,根据两相静止坐标系下APF系统模型确定参考电压,利用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)方法,使APF输出电流快速、准确地跟踪参考电流。仿真与APF样机上的实际运行结果表明,和采用传统无预测算法的SVPWM方法相比,采用本文提出的预测电流控制策略,APF的稳态补偿精度和动态跟踪性能均明显提高。     

Design and implementation of a new four-switch modified quasi Z-source inverter with improved space vector control method

This paper proposes a novel cost-effective feature as a three-phase four-switch inverter utilizing a modified quasi Z-source (MQZs) network. This inverter exploits a pulse-width modulation (PWM) control strategy based on developed space vectors to provide balanced three-phase output voltages and currents. It also has many applications such as the three-phase induction motor (IM) with adjustable speed drive (ASD) fed by a DC and/or rectified AC supply. Unlike some other similar four-switch inverters or converters, which can only work in step down (buck) mode or step up (boost) mode, this inverter can operate in both modes that depend on switching signals and due to adjusting the zero shoot-through (Zsh-th) duty cycle. It also decreases the total harmonic distortions (THD) of output voltages and currents. The MQZs inverter reduces the switching losses and the cost of topology in comparison with the conventional six-switch topologies. The utilized control strategy can work well without any extra filtering circuit in DC side to eliminate the effect of the DC-bus voltage ripples on the inverter output currents and voltages. The experimental results are found closely analogous and confirm the aforementioned features of the proposed topology compared with other traditional topologies, although the inverter output filter is a conventional LC filter.     

改进的无功功率模型参考自适应异步电机转速辨识

针对传统无功功率模型参考自适应模型的输入信号中含有大量的高频信号和噪声,致使模型的自适应机构设计难度增加、速度预测精确度降低的问题,提出改进的基于无功功率的模型参考自适应系统。在传统的无功功率模型参考自适应模型的基础上,引入巴特沃思滤波器并运用改进的模糊PI控制器取代原有的控制器,滤除了输入信号的噪声,提高转速预测精确度。仿真结果表明,改进后的无功功率模型参考自适应系统,参考模型输出的无功功率信号较滤波前其振动的幅值和频率大幅度降低,将这种信号作为自适应模块的输入得到的预测转速,其预测精确度和预测系统动态性能得到提高显著。     

基于FPGA的宽带噪声发生器的设计

随着宽带雷达信号的不断发展,需要宽带的噪声干扰信号.提出了一种宽带数字高斯白噪声产生的方法,通过FPGA并行产生4路m序列,并使用多相滤波技术进行滤波,然后将4路信号合成2路信号输入到DAC,最后进行放大滤波得到模拟的宽带白噪声.设计的核心是多路m序列发生和FIR多相滤波器,详细分析了多路m序列发生算法和FIR多相滤波算法.应用Verilog HDL语言实现模块功能性设计,该系统采用Stratix Ⅳ芯片EP4SGX230和双输入高速数模转换器AD9739,可实现宽带噪声的输出.     

动态心电信号分析仪的噪声抑制与数据滤波方法研究

本文介绍了一种新型智能化动态心电信号采集分析仪及其噪声抑制和滤波方法，给出了硬件结构和特征，详细分析了50Hz工频干扰滤波器和基线漂移滤波器的设计与滤波算法，并说明了心电信号的数字压缩和存储方法，提高了处理速度和信号输出的精度。实验波形和数据处理结果说明了所采用方法的有效性。     

基于Sage-Husa卡尔曼滤波的三相电压暂降检测

针对三相三线制系统,提出一种检测三相电压暂降的新方法。通过瞬时对称分量法在αβ静止坐标系下建立离散检测模型,引入90°超前移相算子,解耦了暂降电压正序、负序分量的检测;采用Sage-Husa卡尔曼滤波算法实现移相算子,产生正交分量,同时表现出算法自身的滤波功能;引入欧氏空间距离定位故障发生及恢复时刻,并重置卡尔曼滤波器参数,加快检测响应速度。仿真结果表明,所述方法在响应速度和稳态精度方面具有优越性,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于复合结构元素的新型自适应形态滤波器设计

针对电力系统信号采集中常见的噪声干扰问题,提出一种使用复合结构元素的自适应形态学滤波器。这种滤波器融合两种及以上结构元素作为复合结构元素,统计分析输入信号与拟输出滤波信号之间的滤波误差,寻找复合结构元素的整体最优尺度,从而优化滤波效果。根据滤波误差极大值原理,调整组成复合结构元素的两种元素的参数占比,进一步优化,可得最优滤波使用的复合结构元素。仿真实验对包含随机白噪声的电力信号进行自适应滤波,结果表明,在面向随机噪声时,所提出的自适应滤波器能够准确寻求到最优结构元素,滤波性能优于使用单一结构元素的传统形态滤波器,具有良好的应用前景。     

A signal Processing system for extraction of harmonics and reactive current of single-phase systems

A signal processing system for extraction of harmonic and reactive current components is introduced and its performance is evaluated. The extraction system is adopted as part of the control system of a single-phase active power filter (APF) to provide the required signals for harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation. Performance of the overall system is evaluated based on digital time-domain simulation studies. The APF control system including the signal processing algorithms are implemented in Matlab/Simulink Fixed-Point Blockset to accommodate bit-length limitation which is a crucial factor in digital implementation. The power system including the APF, load and the supply system are simulated with the PSCAD/EMTDC software to which the Matlab-based control model is interfaced. The simulation results indicate that the signal processing unit can provide the required signals for APF to perform filtering/compensation within the transient period of 2 to 3 cycles.     

三相并网逆变器改进定频模型预测电流控制

三相并网逆变器传统模型预测控制存在开关频率不固定和输出电流谐波含量较高的问题,给并网逆变器输出滤波器的设计带来了一定困难,并且影响并网逆变器的运行效率。为此,提出一种三相并网逆变器改进定频模型预测电流控制算法,在每个控制周期采用三个电压矢量,通过 轴电流无差拍控制来确定每个电压矢量的作用时间,以电流跟踪误差最小选择最优电压矢量组合,再经过DPWM0调制得到开关信号,实现输出电流定频控制且谐波含量降低。仿真和实验结果验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于输出侧电流加权合成反馈的三相-两相矩阵变换器控制策略

以实现三相-两相矩阵变换器(3-2 MC)输入电流正弦化控制为目标,推导了在该目标下两相输出电压调制波函数表达式。针对三端输出3-2 MC拓扑结构下扇区划分数量较多的问题,提出了对原有扇区划分的简化方法。基于该扇区划分原则改进了原有空间矢量调制策略,推导了占空比表达式,给出了该调制策略下的开关函数矩阵,详细分析了系统最大电压利用率。为获得良好的动态响应性能,通过建立dq坐标轴下3-2 MC的信号模型,提出了基于输出侧电流加权合成反馈的双闭环控制策略。通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性和所提控制策略的可行性。     

三电平有源电力滤波器IGBT开路故障诊断方法研究

针对三电平中点钳位式(Neutral Point Clamped,NPC)有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,APF)中功率器件IGBT开路故障的诊断问题,提出采用小波包分析故障信号,提取各频段能量系数作为故障特征,并利用网格搜索支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行分类的诊断方法。将所提方法应用于三个测试点进行测试,分别为逆变输出侧三相补偿电流、直流侧电容电压、电源侧三相电流,然后针对各信号的特点完成故障特征提取与故障类型识别,最后在谐波源三相整流桥触发角变化时进行了适应性实验,结果表明所提出的方法可分别基于三个测试点实现故障诊断,并且基于直流侧电容电压的测量方式对谐波源变化有良好的适应性。     

基于改进Kalmus滤波的悬停无人机检测技术

针对复杂杂波环境下悬停无人机检测问题，提出了一种改进的Kalmus滤波 剩余回波时域均值相消 自适应CFAR联合处理算法，对无人机微多普勒检测，实现空管监视目的。通过改进的Kalmus滤波器进行频域滤波，同时对目标回波高频信号和零频信号抑制，并提高零频附近微多普勒信号增益。采用剩余回波均值相消进行二次滤波，提高无人机高速旋翼的多普勒特征信号信噪比，采用短时傅里叶算法检测目标区域多普勒变化，最后通过恒虚警处理，进一步抑制杂波，提取微多普勒信息。试验结果表明本文算法可以对悬停无人机的旋翼多普勒特征进行有效检测，目标多普勒信号幅值提升了约20 dB，实现低空监视管控目的。     

一种基于开关电容滤波器的快速基波检测方法

为了实时快速地检测电力系统中的基波,提出了一种基于开关电容滤波器(SCF)检测电网中基波信号的方法。分析了SCF的原理及其优缺点,并与传统的滤波方法进行了对照,给出了选择开关电容的原则。由于信号经过一个滤波电路后一般会有一定的相差,为了保证检测前后基波信号相位的一致性,在SCF后面设计了一个等幅移相电路。以一款SCF的IC(MAX291)为例,设计了整个巴特沃斯型低通滤波器电路和等幅移相电路。用MATLAB进行了仿真,分析了这种滤波器和移相电路整体的精度和动态响应,并将该滤波方式应用到实验装置中,实验结果表明这种检测方法有很好的检测效果和快速的动态响应。     

虚拟同步机电流传感器故障容错模型预测控制

虚拟同步机(virtual synchronous generator, VSG)交流电流传感器容错控制中存在不可测区域,影响VSG容错运行。为此,提出基于电流重构的故障容错模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)策略,消除不可测区域,实现全域内的电流重构。首先,该策略分析不同开关状态下直流电流测量值对应的相电流,设计交流电流传感器故障判据。其次,分析不可测区域成因并根据可测量相电流的数量不足和矢量持续时间过短将其分为两类。为消除因可测量相电流不足造成的不可测区域,设计可测量两相电流的虚拟矢量,通过直流电流重构三相电流。为消除因矢量持续时间过短造成的不可测区域,建立LCL型VSG输出电流预测模型,通过直流电流和单电压矢量的预测电流重构三相电流。最后,通过故障容错MPC策略从虚拟矢量和单电压矢量中选择最优矢量,实现全域内的电流重构和VSG的容错运行。实验验证了所提方法的有效性,说明该方法提高了VSG的可靠性和容错能力。     

Multi converter approach to active power filtering using currentsource converters

Active power filtering is performed by detecting the line current and voltage signals, generating a current equal-but-opposite to the distortion current using a power converter and injecting the compensating current into the power line. In such applications, it is desirable to combine high power and high switching frequency while minimizing the losses. This asks for special converter topologies and control techniques. In this paper, a multi-converter active power-line filter, based on current-source converter (CSC) modules, is proposed. The power rating and switching frequency of each CSC module is equal to those required for the filtering job divided by the number of modules. The control system utilizes two linear adaptive neurons (ADALINE's) to process the signals obtained from the line. The first ADALINE (the current ADALINE) extracts the harmonic components of the distorted line current signal and the second ADALINE (the voltage ADALINE) estimates the fundamental component of the line voltage signal. The outputs of both ADALINE's are used to construct the modulating signals of the filter modules. The proposed modular active filter offers the following advantage: (1) high efficiency due to low conduction and switching losses; (2) high reliability; and (3) high serviceability. The proposed active power-line filter treats the AC system on a per-phase basis, has fast response and adapts to the load variations. Theoretical expectations are verified by digital simulation using EMTDC simulation package     

基于序贯卡尔曼滤波的OCT信号处理方法研究

使用光学电流互感器(Optical Current Transducer,OCT)测量小电流时,测量得到的内部噪声信号往往大于光电信号,测得的读数不能正确反映电流的真实值。有效滤除噪声,提高信噪比是OCT信号处理的关键所在。介绍了基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流互感器的基本原理和信噪特性,在被测电流为交直流混合信号的情况下,建立合适的滤波状态空间模型,采用序贯卡尔曼滤波的方法在Lab VIEW上进行仿真。结果表明序贯卡尔曼滤波算法能够对测量电流实时进行信噪分离,同时准确分离出交流和直流分量,提高了输出信噪比和测量精度。     

一种柴油机示功图曲线光顺处理算法研究

示功图是描述柴油机气缸内气体的压力随着曲轴转角变化而变化的曲线,通过分析示功图曲线,可以获取柴油机燃烧 状况和运行状态。 柴油机工作过程中,具有噪音大、振动大等特点,使得测量得到的示功图曲线存在大量的干扰信号,严重影响 分析精度。 针对以上问题,提出了一种消除示功图曲线干扰信号的处理算法,该算法有效地融合了均值滤波、中值滤波、畸点数 据替代处理算法、改进的畸点数据局部滤波处理算法以及五点三次光顺处理算法,能够有效地消除示功图曲线中的干扰信号。 采用 4190ZLC 型柴油机分设置柴油机转速 945 r/ min、负载率 30%和转速 1 000 r/ min,负载率 50%进行实验验证,结果表明,该 算法能够有效地滤除示功图数据中的高频干扰信号,同时,在保持示功图曲线较小失真的条件下,获得了平滑、连续的示功图 曲线。     

基于最小熵解卷积的轨面缺陷漏磁信号处理

钢轨表面缺陷的漏磁检测会受到巡检速度等因素的影响,导致背景噪声增大,检测灵敏度降低。为了增强缺陷信号特征,提高漏磁信号的信噪比,提出了一种基于最小熵解卷积的漏磁信号处理方法。通过目标函数法,计算得到最优的逆滤波器参数,对采集到的漏磁信号进行滤波处理。为衡量最小熵解卷积算法滤波效果,将处理得到的缺陷信号和背景噪声信号的峰峰值与小波变换法和中值滤波法进行对比。实验结果表明,最小熵解卷积算法对缺陷信号起到了明显的增强作用,且其效果优于小波变换和中值滤波。