广东发布《防护口罩用熔喷法非织造布》标准

正2020年8月1日,团体标准《防护口罩用熔喷法非织造布》正式发布。2019年12月以来,新冠肺炎疫情的爆发及迅速蔓延,不仅是对政府管理、社会治理的一次考验,也看到了产业发展和技术储备的难题。在此次疫情中,口罩是疫情防护中必不可少的物资,而其最重要的原材料熔喷布,无疑是疫情中的关注焦点。由于对所用原料、设备、生产工艺、国际市场技术性贸易规则等不够了解,作为口罩主要出口国,我国部分口罩生产商只看到了商机,却未能抓住技术和     

聚丙烯材料在医用口罩中的应用

新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情爆发以来,医用口罩的需要量大,对医用口罩的生产至关重要。本文介绍了医用口罩的结构、医用口罩材料及加工等,对无纺布的分类、制作工艺、过滤原理和医用口罩加工作了较详细地阐述。医用口罩制作离不开聚丙烯材料,通过文中的描述,加深了聚丙烯材料在医用口罩生产过程中的重要性。     

《可重复使用民用口罩》团体标准解析

正新冠肺炎疫情期间,口罩成为不可或缺的防控利器和战略物资,是保障人民群众健康的盾牌。在全球范围内,口罩产品的供需矛盾突出。我国关于口罩产品的标准主要有5个(见表1)。2020年2月以来,北京市组织开展防护口罩再利用平台项目研究。大量科学研究和技术成果表明,在当前疫情应急时期,高质量的口罩重复使用是可行的。     

中纺院牵头制定的《复用式日常防护口罩》团体标准发布

正2020年4月29日,由中国纺织科学研究院有限公司、中纺标检验认证有限公司分别作为标准第一、第二起草单位制定的T/CSTM 00387─2020《复用式日常防护口罩》团体标准正式发布,该标准由中国材料与试验团体标准委员会综合标准领域委员会归口管理,并将于2020年7月29日开始实施。新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,全国各地对日常防护口罩的需求呈爆发性增长,"一罩难求"的困局催生了扩产"造罩"的热潮。这种"救急"的情况对疫情防控起了非常重要的作用。因一次性防护口罩的储备周期和数量有限,一旦疫情等     

《儿童口罩技术规范》国家标准公开征求意见

正从国家标准委获悉,全国纺织品标准化技术委员会秘书处正在就《儿童口罩技术规范》国家标准公开征求意见。据了解,这项标准于2017年11月提出立项申请,2018年11月国家标准委下达了标准编制任务,2019年12月形成征求意见稿。在新冠肺炎疫情使儿童口罩成为必备防护用品,复工、复产、复学、外出就医等需求使儿童口罩需要考虑更多因素的情况下,《儿童口罩技术规范》对原先研究设定的标准定位、框架、指标体系等进行了较大调整。     

《防护口罩智能生产线技术规范》《儿童防护口罩》团体标准发布

正"疫情就是命令,防控就是责任"。面对本次新冠肺炎疫情和口罩的巨大市场需求,湖南省技术标准创新促进会快速响应、积极作为,组织湖南中南智能装备有限公司、可孚医疗科技股份有限公司、山河智能装备股份有限公司、湖南省质量和标准化研究院、湖南华升集团有限公司、湖南贝烨医疗器械有限公司等多家单位制定发布《防护口罩智能生产线技术规范》《儿童防护口罩》两项团体标准。从团体标准提案立项,至     

温州查获15万只问题口罩 开出百万元罚单

正浙江省温州市市场监督管理局日前对一起涉及15万只假冒伪劣口罩的案件开出了1 049 805元的处罚单。当前正处新冠肺炎疫情防控关键期,该局根据舆情监测,接到一名微博网友投诉,对方称自己为医务人员,在朋友圈买到假口罩,其问题口罩号称医用外科口罩,上面一个中文都没有,且是温州产的,口罩本体很薄,无任何执行标准。执法人员闻讯后立即行动,根据网友提供的口     

防疫物资告急央企出手化解上海石化成功研发口罩熔喷布专用料

正新冠疫情爆发以来,口罩成了全民防疫最紧俏的物资,市民排队争抢口罩,市场上却一"罩"难求,买不到口罩成了广大群众心头最大的痛。口罩短缺,一方面是因为疫情突袭,全民戴"罩",市场难以承受;另一方面是受制于口罩关键材料熔喷布的技术瓶颈。熔喷布俗称口罩的"心脏",是口罩中间的过滤层,直径只有头发丝的1/30,能过     

三维石墨烯口罩:从雾霾到细菌的阻击战

正全球新冠病毒肺炎疫情爆发,口罩成为不少人出门首要装备。口罩如何佩戴更卫生、舒适?北京中关村科学城北区的实创科技园区企业成功研发新型石墨烯口罩,可连续使用超过48小时,是传统口罩的12倍以上,佩戴48小时后过滤效能仅降低4%。始于阻挡PM2.52012年联合国环境规划署公布的《全球环境展望5》指出,每年有70万人死于因臭氧导致的呼吸系统疾病,有近200万的过早死亡病例与颗粒物污染有关。     

浙江率先发布首个儿童口罩团体标准

正随着疫情防控进入新阶段,复学复课在即,但儿童口罩的标准和供给仍是短板。浙江省市场监管局于2020年3月13日率先发布儿童口罩团体标准(T/ZFB 004—2020《儿童口罩》浙纺标团体标准),为推动儿童口罩的规范化生产提供行动指南。标准研制单位、浙江省轻工业品质量检验研究院院长朱怀球表示,本次发布的儿童口罩团体标准在参照现有相关标准的基础上,针对儿童特点,提出了基本要求、外观要求、内在质量要求、微生物指标、实用性能     

Peptide Derivatives of the Zonulin Inhibitor Larazotide (AT1001) as Potential Anti SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Modelling,Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been identified as the pathogen responsible for the outbreak of a severe, rapidly developing pneumonia (Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). The virus enzyme, called 3CLpro or main protease (M^pro), is essential for viral replication, making it a most promising target for antiviral drug development. Recently, we adopted the drug repurposing as appropriate strategy to give fast response to global COVID-19 epidemic, by demonstrating that the zonulin octapeptide inhibitor AT1001 (Larazotide acetate) binds M^pro catalytic domain. Thus, in the present study we tried to investigate the antiviral activity of AT1001, along with five derivatives, by cell-based assays. Our results provide with the identification of AT1001 peptide molecular framework for lead optimization step to develop new generations of antiviral agents of SARS-CoV-2 with an improved biological activity, expanding the chance for success in clinical trials.     

Non-Woven Infection Prevention Fabrics Coated with Biobased Cranberry Extracts Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is demanding the rapid action of the authorities and scientific community in order to find new antimicrobial solutions that could inactivate the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes this disease. Gram-positive bacteria contribute to severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19, and their resistance to antibiotics is exponentially increasing. In this regard, non-woven fabrics are currently used for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing such as face masks, caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons and shoe covers as protective tools against viral and bacterial infections. However, these non-woven fabrics are made of materials that do not exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Thus, we have here developed non-woven fabrics with antimicrobial coatings of cranberry extracts capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and the bacteriophage phi 6 (about 99% of viral inactivation in 1 min of viral contact), and two multidrug-resistant bacteria: the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced filters were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The non-toxicity of these advanced technologies was ensured using a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model. These results open up a new prevention path using natural and biodegradable compounds for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing in the current COVID-19 pandemic and microbial resistant era.     

A virucidal face mask based on the reverse-flow reactor concept for thermal inactivation of SARS-CoV-2

While facial coverings reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by viral filtration, masks capable of viral inactivation by heating can provide a complementary method to limit transmission. Inspired by reverse-flow chemical reactors, we introduce a new virucidal face mask concept driven by the oscillatory flow of human breath. The governing heat and mass transport equations are solved to evaluate virus and CO₂ transport. Given limits imposed by the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 thermal inactivation, human breath, safety, and comfort, heated masks may inactivate SARS-CoV-2 to medical-grade sterility. We detail one design, with a volume of 300 ml at 90°C that achieves a 3-log reduction in viral load with minimal impedance within the mask mesh, with partition coefficient around 2. This is the first quantitative analysis of virucidal thermal inactivation within a protective face mask, and addresses a pressing need for new approaches for personal protective equipment during a global pandemic.     

普通人群佩戴口罩对面部皮肤生理指标的影响

通过采集疫情前后同时间段、同年龄段上海健康女性面部皮肤参数,评估疫情带来的生活方式的改变,主要表现为佩戴口罩,对面部皮肤生理指标的影响。测试时间为2019年及2020年3月,受试者年龄段为20~45岁,测试部位为面颊部鼻基准线和过眼外眦垂线交界处,测试指标包括角质层水分含量、光泽度、弹性指标R0、R2、R5、R7等,在恒温恒湿环境中进行指标采集;同时对比同期的气象数据,包括温度、湿度、紫外线指数、天气等因素,全面分析口罩对于皮肤部分生理指标的影响。结果表明,佩戴口罩使受试者面部角质层水分含量较同期显著升高,弹性指标R0明显上升,其余各弹性指标R2,R5,R7也均有所提升,但对光泽度指标无显著性影响。     

突发疫情对染料行业影响及对策

一场新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发给染料行业的发展带来了影响,既有负面消极,也有积极影响。疫情将促进染料行业绿色发展,推动染料行业走向信息化、智能化时代,走向高质量发展,指出只要坚持绿色、创新和智能化,就能战胜疫情,推动中国染料行业稳健发展。     

一种新型口罩在两种堆肥条件下的生物降解性比较

为探索一种新型口罩在需氧和厌氧两种堆肥条件下的生物降解性能差异，采用国际上广泛认可的标准方法分别开展研究，获得了该新型口罩的生物降解率数据。统计分析结果显示，在ISO 14855-1和ISO 15985试验条件下，新型口罩在第90天时的生物降解率分别为66.4%和21.2%，该新型口罩在需氧条件中的生物降解性能远优于厌氧条件。研究表明，该新型口罩废弃后，宜采用需氧工业堆肥装置进行处理。     

Optimal vaccination schemes for epidemics among a population of households, with application to variola minor in Brazil

This paper is concerned with stochastic models for the spread of an epidemic among a community of households, in which individuals mix uniformly within households and, in addition, uniformly at a much lower rate within the population at large. This two-level mixing structure has important implications for the threshold behaviour of the epidemic and, consequently, for both the effectiveness of vaccination strategies for controlling an outbreak and the form of optimal vaccination schemes. A brief introduction to optimal vaccination schemes in this setting is provided by presenting a unified treatment of the simplest and most-studied case, viz. the single-type SIR (susceptible -->infective --> removed) epidemic. A reproduction number R*, which determines whether a trace of initial infection can give rise to a major epidemic, is derived and the effect of a vaccination scheme on R* is studied using a general model for vaccine action. In particular, optimal vaccination schemes which reduce R* to its threshold value of one with minimum vaccination coverage are considered. The theory is illustrated by application to data on a variola minor outbreak in S?o Paulo, which, together with other examples, is used to highlight key issues related to vaccination schemes.     

一起成人白喉爆发流行的调查报告

在11年无白喉病例的无锡市一个农村,爆发一起成人白喉。1988年10月15～21日,1户8口之家有5名成人发病,2人为带菌者,仅1名7岁儿童幸免。此后至12月28日止其周围又出现5例。采集41名居民的咽拭作带菌培养,3人为白喉杆菌阳性(均为毒力株)。应急接种前对周围村庄的329人作了锡克氏试验.发现2～15岁各组阳性率2.54%(5/197),而25～39岁组为25.76%(34/132)(x~2=40.78,P<0.001)。上述事实提示应当考虑成人的白喉类毒素的再接种问题。     

Pathophysiological Association of Endothelial Dysfunction with Fatal Outcome in COVID-19

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is now a worldwide challenge for healthcare systems. Although the leading cause of mortality in patients with COVID-19 is hypoxic respiratory failure due to viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, accumulating evidence has shown that the risk of thromboembolism is substantially high in patients with severe COVID-19 and that a thromboembolic event is another major complication contributing to the high morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction is emerging as one of the main contributors to the pathogenesis of thromboembolic events in COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction is usually referred to as reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. However, failures of the endothelium to control coagulation, inflammation, or permeability are also instances of endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies have indicated the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect endothelial cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pathway and that endothelial dysfunction caused by direct virus infection of endothelial cells may contribute to thrombotic complications and severe disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of relationships between SARS-CoV-2 infection, endothelial dysfunction, and pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications in patients with COVID-19.