硬质合金表面正弦微织构对其摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

为了探讨微织构对硬质合金表面摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用激光技术在硬质合金表面制备了一种正弦状沟槽型微织构,并在UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机上进行直线往复式摩擦磨损试验。试验分别在不同载荷、滑动速度和润滑条件下,对微织构化硬质合金表面的摩擦磨损性能进行评价。研究表明:硬质合金表面加工微织构并添加固体润滑脂能够有效降低硬质合金表面的摩擦系数;在同等条件下,正弦型微沟槽表面比传统直线型微沟槽表面具有更好的减磨性能;在高载荷和高滑动速度并添加润滑脂的条件下,正弦型微织构试样表面的减磨性能最好。     

织构参数对不锈钢与猪股骨间摩擦性能的影响

采用YLP-F20激光打标机在4Cr13不锈钢圆盘试件表面加工出不同尺寸的沟槽微织构试样;将织构试样与新鲜猪股骨制成的骨棒试样构成销-盘摩擦副,在立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损试验,研究微织构参数对不锈钢与猪股骨在生理盐水润滑下的摩擦特性的影响。结果表明:沟槽型的摩擦因数比无沟槽的要小,在文中研究的范围内摩擦因数随着沟槽宽度的增加而减小,随着沟槽间角度的增加而增加;对加工微织构后的表面进行处理对摩擦因数的影响很大。文中研究范围内宽度200μm、深度20μm、角度1.21°微织构组合,相比较于无微织构试件摩擦因数最大降低了36.4%。     

仿生微织构对刀具切削性能影响的有限元分析

仿生摩擦学的相关研究表明,高性能的表面微织构具有良好的减摩抗磨性能。本文利用ABAQUS软件,对无微织构和有微织构硬质合金刀具的二维直角切削过程进行了有限元分析。仿真试验表明:一定尺寸的沟槽微织构可以有效改善刀—屑摩擦过程中的应力分布状况,减少应力集中现象,既提高了刀具的减磨性能,同时还可以降低20%左右的切削力。然后,采用激光加工方法在YG8硬质合金刀片的前刀面置入不同宽度的沟槽微织构,在一定载荷条件下进行摩擦磨损试验。试验发现:沟槽型微织构可以有效地降低硬质合金刀面的摩擦系数,并且不同宽度的沟槽其减摩效果是不一样的。     

仿生微织构对刀具切削性能影响的有限元分析

仿生摩擦学的相关研究表明,高性能的表面微织构具有良好的减摩抗磨性能.本文利用ABAQUS软件,对无微织构和有微织构硬质合金刀具的二维直角切削过程进行了有限元分析.仿真试验表明:一定尺寸的沟槽微织构可以有效改善刀—屑摩擦过程中的应力分布状况,减少应力集中现象,既提高了刀具的减磨性能,同时还可以降低20％左右的切削力.然后,采用激光加工方法在YG8硬质合金刀片的前刀面置入不同宽度的沟槽微织构,在一定载荷条件下进行摩擦磨损试验.试验发现:沟槽型微织构可以有效地降低硬质合金刀面的摩擦系数,并且不同宽度的沟槽其减摩效果是不一样的.     

织构化AlCrN涂层表面的摩擦磨损性能研究

为了探讨微织构对硬质涂层表面的摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用激光技术在AlCrN涂层表面制备了一种沟槽型微织构,并在UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机上进行往复式摩擦磨损试验。试验分别在不同载荷、滑动速度和润滑条件下,对微织构化AlCrN涂层表面的摩擦磨损性能进行了评价。研究表明,涂层表面加工微织构能够有效提高表面摩擦磨损性能,在低载荷和高滑动速度条件下,微织构的作用最大,而织构表面添加润滑脂能够更有效地提高减磨效果。     

GCr15表面涂层与织构复合摩擦改性方法研究

研究了表面涂层-织构复合改性对GCr15材料零件高速运转条件下摩擦磨损性能的影响及其减摩机理。首先在GCr15表面热喷涂厚度约30μm的巴氏合金涂层,然后采用皮秒光纤激光器在涂层表面加工凹坑织构。采用球-盘摩擦磨损试验机对改性表面进行摩擦学测试,球试样和盘试样基体材料同为GCr15。研究发现,复合改性处理后GCr15盘试样表面微织构的毛刺硬度有所降低,与未经过复合改性处理的试件相比,复合改性表面的平均摩擦系数与体积磨损率明显降低;磨损检测结果显示复合改性表面试样产生的磨粒明显减少,磨损区域边界的塑性流动与磨粒磨损情况得到显著改善。GCr15材料表面经过复合改性处理后,织构加工质量和颗粒捕捉能力有了明显提高,从而使复合改性表面的摩擦学性能得到增强。     

内燃机气缸孔表面微织构设计与摩擦性能模拟试验

为提高内燃机气缸孔的使用寿命,根据气缸孔/活塞摩擦副往复运动的特点,采用0.10、0.30、0.50三种织构密度,设计出气缸孔表面两组不同密度组合形式,采用ZY型电路板制作机,在模拟气缸孔的钢块试样表面上分段织构出不同密度的微凹坑,与模拟活塞的钢销试样组成面对面摩擦副进行往复运动摩擦试验。结果表明:气缸孔两组不同密度组合形式表面摩擦系数均随着试验速度的升高而下降,且大多趋于平稳;中间区域织构密度高,两端区域织构密度低组合形式起增摩作用;中间区域织构密度大,两端区域织构密度低组合形式,低速相对运动时减摩效果不太明显,高速时减摩效果显著增强,0.30+0.10+0.30密度组合形式减磨效果较佳,当运动速度分别为0.10m/s、0.20m/s时,气缸孔摩擦系数相对无织构表面分别降低了19.3%和30%。     

304不锈钢表面离散圆形凹坑液相辅助激光制备及摩擦性能

为改善304不锈钢耐磨性及润湿性，在空气与液相2种介质下使用激光加工技术在304不锈钢表面制备离散型圆形凹坑织构。借助白光干涉仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱、接触角测量仪对织构试样表面形貌、元素含量及润湿性进行了表征，并通过摩擦磨损试验考察了织构试样在干摩擦和油润滑下的摩擦学性能。结果表明：空气介质下激光加工增强了试样表面疏水性能，接触角为123.3°；液相辅助激光加工增强了试样表面润湿性，接触角为29.3°；液相辅助激光加工表面的微凹坑分布更加均匀，无明显的氧化及熔融物重铸现象，这是因为液相在激光加工时对试样起到了冷却及保护作用；液相辅助激光加工表面织构在2种摩擦工况下的摩擦因数均最小，且磨损有一定改善。液相辅助激光制备的织构表面较为均匀、无较大的微凸峰，且具有较好的润湿性能，有利于润滑油的存储及铺展，进而改善了界面摩擦行为。     

微织构对V型滑动导轨副摩擦磨损特性影响的研究

V型滑动导轨副具有低成本、良好的承载能力和导向性等优点,至今仍应用于很多机械设备中,但同时也存在着摩擦系数大、易磨损和低速稳定性差等缺点。为提高V型滑动导轨副的摩擦学性能,利用激光表面织构化技术分别在导轨的接触面上设计并制备直线和椭圆微织构。通过不同仿真软件对激光制备出的微织构是否产生流体动压效应进行验证,分析微织构对导轨接触面的接触应力的影响。利用自制往复滑动导轨试验平台在混合润滑条件下测试了不同类型织构化导轨副的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,织构化导轨副均可以产生流体动压效应,且椭圆微织构可以产生更大的流体动压效应。此外,椭圆微织构仅位于下导轨表面可以较大程度降低其接触应力。因此,当椭圆微织构位于下导轨表面时减摩效果最好,具有最低的平均摩擦系数,与无织构导轨副相比下降了31.7%。     

激光微织构表面脂润滑性能试验研究

采用声光调 Q 二极管泵浦固体光源（DPSS）Nd∶YAG 激光器,在45＃钢试样表面进行激光微织构加工,采用 VYKO-NT1100三维形貌分析仪对微观织构形貌进行测量。以二硫化钼润滑脂为润滑剂,在 MMW-1A 型摩擦磨损试验机上进行微织构试样和光滑试样在不同工况条件下的摩擦性能对比试验。试验结果表明,在一定条件下,面积占有率为14％的微凹腔织构表面的脂润滑性能明显优于未织构光滑表面,且随着微凹腔面积占有率的增大,摩擦因数波动范围变小;凹槽织构表面较未织构光滑表面具有更好的润滑稳定性;在脂润滑条件下,激光微织构表面较未织构光滑表面摩擦因数最大可降低26％。     

Cooling performance of micro-texture at the tool flank face under high pressure jet coolant assistance

Micro-texture at the tool face is a state-of-the-art technique to improve cutting performance. In this paper, five types of micro-texture were fabricated at the flank face to improve the cooling performance under the condition of high pressure jet coolant assistance. By using micro-textures consisted of pin fins, plate fins and pits fabricated 0.3 mm away from the cutting edge, heat transfer from the tool face to coolant was enhanced. The conditions of tool wear, adhesion and chip formation were compared between the micro-textured and non-patterned tools in the longitudinal turning of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. As a result, micro-textured tools always exhibited the reduced flank and crater wear compared with the non-patterned tool, and the rate of tool wear was influenced by the array and height of fin. The energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis of worn flank faces and the electromotive forces obtained from the tool-work thermocouple supported better cooling performances of micro-textured tools. In addition, coolant deposition at flank face evidenced that heat transfer could be promoted by micro-texture near the border of the contact area between the flank wear land and machined surface. Finally, the changes of flow patterns with pit depth are analyzed for pit type tools by computational fluid dynamics. This investigation clearly showed the function of micro-textures for increasing the turbulent kinetic energy and cooling the textured tool face.     

陶瓷材料磨损机制及磨损程度评价方法综述

综合分析陶瓷材料摩擦磨损的机制和影响摩擦磨损的各种因素,如表面加工状况、载荷、速度、时间、温度、润滑等。介绍几种陶瓷材料摩擦磨损程度的评定方法,如用量纲一化参数(最大赫兹接触压力、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数Sc,硬度、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数S*)大小评价磨损程度,用磨损表面的粗糙度Ry与平均粒径Dg的比值评价陶瓷材料磨损程度,用磨损率评价陶瓷材料磨损程度等。以期指导人们进一步认识陶瓷摩擦磨损的本质规律,有目的地调整材料的性能以提高其耐磨性。     

TD法VC涂层与陶瓷和钢对摩时摩擦磨损性能对比研究

采用TD法在Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面制备VC涂层,在摩擦磨损试验机上考察VC涂层与钢球、钢柱和陶瓷球配副时的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电镜、粗糙度测量仪和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层磨损前后表面及界面的形貌、表面粗糙度和物相组成.结果表明,与不同摩擦副配副时,VC涂层摩擦因数随着磨损时间增加先增大后趋于平稳,磨损率随着磨损时间增加而减小,其中与钢柱配副时摩擦因数最小,磨损率最低.与不同摩擦副配副时,VC涂层磨损机制与失效形式不同,与钢球配副时VC涂层磨损机制为磨粒磨损,失效形式为划痕和剥落坑;与钢柱配副时VC涂层磨损机制为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,失效形式为犁沟和片层状剥落;与陶瓷球配副时VC涂层磨损机制为氧化磨损,失效形式为脆性断裂.     

Si_3N_4陶瓷旋转超声磨削加工的表面摩擦特性

为了探索结构陶瓷材料在摩擦过程中表面形貌的变化规律及其对摩擦特性影响,分析了摩擦过程中材料的接触过程及力学关系,并对旋转超声磨削加工的Si3N4陶瓷试样开展了摩擦表面形貌、摩擦因数等特性的试验研究。首先根据接触特点和材料特性,基于分形理论推导出接触面总载荷计算公式,基于该公式建立了结构陶瓷摩擦因数分形模型。分析结果表明:当初始表面轮廓分形维数分别为1.4,1.45,1.5和1.55时,摩擦因数与摩擦后表面轮廓分形维数呈类似正态分布曲线。然后通过旋转超声磨削加工的Si3N4陶瓷试样面面接触摩擦试验,研究了摩擦后陶瓷材料表面微观形貌和摩擦因数变化规律,分析了各因素对摩擦因数的影响。试验结果表明:产生微观裂纹是Si3N4陶瓷摩擦后表面微观形貌的显著特点;温度值等于160℃是Si3N4陶瓷摩擦因数由下降转为上升的拐点;当施加载荷为360N和往复频率为80Hz时,摩擦因数最大。得到的结果为通过表面形貌控制提高结构陶瓷耐磨性能提供了技术支撑。     

Wear and fracture toughness of partially stabilized zirconia ceramics under dry friction against steel

The wear of two ceramic materials containing partially stabilized zirconia is studied under unlubricated friction against steel. The first material, with ZrO₂ and 3 mol % Y₂O₃, was obtained by cold isostatic pressing and sintering. The second material, comprising ZrO₂ and 4 mol % Y₂O₃, was fabricated by additional hot isostatic pressing. The samples of both materials were fabricated with high and low values of fracture toughness. The samples with high fracture toughness are found to wear more intensively. This fact can be explained by surface micro-cracking during braking as a result of phase transformations.     

Tribological and nanoscale research on model friction couples intended for hip joint prostheses

Abstract

The paper presents the results of tribological and nanoscale research on model friction couples intended for hip joint prostheses. The tribological tests were performed by means of reciprocating pin on plate testing machine. The investigated friction pairs contained plates rubbing against polymer pins. The test plates were made from seven kinds of ceramics containing different concentrations of ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃, and two kinds of Co–Cr alloy. The test pins were made from UHMWPE. Tribological tests were performed in conditions of Ringer solution circulation. On the basis of friction force measurements, for each investigated friction couple, the average coefficient of friction was calculated. On the basis of total wear measurements, for each investigated couple, the wear intensity was calculated. Before and after every test, the plates and pins were analysed by means of atomic force microscopy. The difference in plate surface roughness was determined by the results of the atomic force microscopy analyses.

It was stated, that in the case of investigated friction joints, working under reciprocating motion, the wear and friction coefficient correlates with the surface roughness of plate specimens. For the plates with higher surface roughness, the lower friction coefficient and also lower UHMWPE pin wear intensity were observed. The friction coefficient and wear intensity were increasing with decreasing surface roughness. The correlation is confirmed by the differences in material transfer process. Considering investigated friction couples, the pin polymer material is smeared on the ceramic plates with the highest surface roughness creating a thin polymer film. In the case of ceramic surfaces with the lowest surface roughness, the strong adhesive bounds are created and some large particles of polymer are transferred to ceramic surface.     

浸酚醛树脂石墨/SiC密封材料摩擦学特性研究

采用UMT-3多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了3种国产典型浸酚醛树脂石墨与SiC陶瓷配对副在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦学特性,结果表明：干摩擦下,摩擦因数随载荷p与速度v的乘积（pv值）的增大呈下降趋势;pv值较小时,磨损机理主要为轻微黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,pv值较大时则变为严重黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;相同条件下的磨损率受速度的影响比受载荷的影响更大;油润滑下,摩擦因数保持在0.1左右,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损;pv值增至5 MPa·m/s时,干摩擦下3种浸渍石墨摩擦副表面最大温升为21.1 ℃,油润滑下最大温升为14.9 ℃且H1石墨温升均最低。综合考虑浸渍树脂石墨的力学性能、摩擦学特性和端面温升,推荐石墨化度为45%～55%。     

高水基液压阀陶瓷摩擦副摩擦学性能研究

为选择适合的高水基乳化液液压阀摩擦副材料,探讨ZrO2与不同结构陶瓷组成的摩擦副在高水基乳化液润滑状态下的摩擦磨损特性。采用摩擦磨损试验机,在不同载荷和滑动速度下,研究在高水基乳化液介质中4种不同陶瓷材料（ZrO2、Al2O3、Si3N4和SiC）分别与ZrO2配副的摩擦学性能,并探讨不同组合陶瓷摩擦副的磨损机制。结果表明：在高水基乳化液中,各陶瓷的摩擦因数均随着滑动速度的增大而降低,其中Al2O3陶瓷的摩擦因数最小;ZrO2、Al2O3和Si3N4陶瓷的摩擦因数受载荷的影响较小,SiC陶瓷的摩擦因数则随着载荷的增大而骤增;各陶瓷的磨损体积都随着速度和载荷的增大而增大,其中Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷摩擦副的磨损体积最小,其磨损机制以磨粒磨损和微疲劳磨损为主。研究表明,在不同工况下,Al2O3与ZrO2陶瓷配副的摩擦因数和磨损体积均为最低值,更适合作为高水基乳化液液压阀的摩擦副材料。     

Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces

Recent advances in lower-cost processing of titanium, coupled with its potential use as a light weight material in engines and brakes has renewed interest in the tribological behavior of titanium alloys. To help establish a baseline for further studies on the tribology of titanium against various classes of counterface materials, pin-on-disk sliding friction and wear experiments were conducted on two different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo). Disks of these alloys were slid against fixed bearing balls composed of 440C stainless steel, silicon nitride, alumina, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at two speeds: 0.3 and 1.0 m/s. The friction coefficient and wear rate were lower at the higher sliding speed. Ceramic sliders suffered unexpectedly higher wear than the steel slider. The wear rates, ranked from the highest to the lowest, were alumina, silicon nitride, and steel, respectively. This trend is inversely related to their hardness, but corresponds to their relative fracture toughness. Comparative tests on a Type 304 stainless steel disk supported the fracture toughness dependency. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the tendency of Ti alloys to transfer material to their counterfaces and suggested possible tribochemical reactions between the ceramic sliders and Ti alloy disks. These reaction products, which adhere to the ceramic sliders, may degrade the mechanical properties of the contact areas and result in high wear. The tribochemical reactions along with the fracture toughness dependency helped explain the high wear on the ceramic sliders.     

The study on the tribological properties of fiber-reinforced PBT composites for various injection molding process parameters

This study investigates the influence of various, injection molding process parameters on the tribological properties of the 15 wt.% to fiber-reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). The tribological properties of the friction coefficient and volume loss are measured by using a Schwingung Reibung Verschleiss (SRV) “ball-on-plane” wear tester. The parameters of injection molding process are filling time, melt temperature, mold temperature and packing pressure. The observation of the solidified-intermediate-core morphology is mainly by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to define the layer thickness and to explain the influence of the fiber orientation on the tribological properties. It is found that the variation of friction coefficient and wear volume loss for the sliding direction parallel to the melt flow in different injection molding conditions have the same trend with the solidified layer change and the variation of Vickers hardness at the specimen surface. The tribological properties in the specimens of the sliding direction perpendicular and parallel to the melt flow are different. Also, the worn surfaces are observed by SEM. Grooves, cracks, cut fibers, and debonded fibers are the major wear mechanisms.