Design and Development of a Power Supply System for NBI Test Stand of EAST

A neutral beam injector (NBI) test stand was constructed to develop a multi-megawatt prototype ion source as an auxiliary heating system on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. A power supply system for the NBI test stand components such as a set of dc power supplies for plasma generator, a dc high voltage power supply of a tetrode accelerator, a transmission line and a surge energy suppressor. Stable arc discharges of the plasma generator with hydrogen gases for 100 s long pulse have been produced by six Langmuir probes feedback loop regulation mode to control the arc power supply. The 4 MW hydrogen ion beam of 1 s is extracted with beam energy of 80 keV and the beam current of 52 A. The dc high voltage power supply for the plasma grid of the prototype ion source was designed to contribute maximum voltage of 100 kV and current of 100 A. The high voltage power output is continuously adjustable to satisfy with plasma physics experiment in operation frequency of 10 Hz. To prevent damage of the beam source at high voltage breakdown, core snubber using deltamax soft magnetic materials have been adopted to satisfy the input energy into the accelerator from the power supply can be reduced to about 5 J in the case of breakdown at 80 kV. For the transmission line, a disc shape multi cable coaxial configuration was adopted and which the dimension of the diameter is 140 mm at the core snubber. The major issues of discharge characteristics with long pulse and beam extraction with high power for the prototype ion source were investigated on the NBI test stand.     

EAST强流离子源电源系统的初步测试运行

测试NBI大功率强流离子源的综合测试台正在建设,已研制了离子源等离子体发生器电源系统、等离子体电极高压电源及梯度极分压器、抑制极负高压电源等电源系统,以及高压传输线及缓冲器,在测试台上开展了对EAST中性束注入器第一台兆瓦级强流离子源样机进行整体电源系统测试和离子源起弧放电的初步测试,完成了离子源电源系统初步性能测试及...     

Long-pulse power-supply system for EAST neutral-beam injectors

The long-pulse power-supply system equipped for the 4 MW beam-power ion source is comprised of three units at ASIPP (Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences):one for the neutralbeam test stand and two for the EAST neutral-beam injectors (NBI-1 and NBI-2,respectively).Each power supply system consists of two low voltage and high current DC power supplies for plasma generation of the ion source,and two high voltage and high current DC power supplies for the accelerator grid system.The operation range of the NB power supply is about 80 percent of the design value,which is the safe and stable operation range.At the neutral-beam test stand,a hydrogen ion beam with a beam pulse of 150 s,beam power of 1.5 MW and beam energy of 50 keV was achieved during the long-pulse testing experiments.The result shows that the power-supply system meets the requirements of the EAST-NBIs fully and lays a basis for achieving plasma heating.     

Power Supplies for Cold Cathode Penning Discharge Ion Sources

For the generation of heavy ions at high charge states, the cold-cathode Penning discharge ion source requires a power supply capable of both the high potential essential for striking an arc and the high current for sustaining it. A series-regulated power supply developed at Oak Ridge provides up to 6 kV of striking voltage and up to 12 amperes of arc current. The power supply operates in a constant current mode with the arc voltage dependent on the gas pressure in the ion source. With this source in ORIC, the typical operating conditions are 5 to 10 amperes arc current, 600 to 2000 volts arc potential, and 5 to 20 kW power dissipation in the arc. A larger power supply is planned for extending the arc current to about 25 amperes. Various arrangements, including pre-regulators and multiple power supplies, are under consideration to reduce power dissipation in the series regulator tubes.     

高稳定度磁控管电源

介绍ECR型离子源的磁控管稳流电源。它使磁控管输出功率稳定,保证离子源引出稳定束流。     

HL-1M 中性束注入器快速断电保护器

介绍了用于ＨＬ－１Ｍ中性束注入器电源系统中的一个快速断电保护器。它能快速探测注入器过黉，过流和打火击穿等运行故障并给出故障信号，以便快速分断电源，保护离子源和电源本身免于损坏。详细介绍了电路结构，工作原理和实验结果。保护器在强线路干扰和电磁干扰下可靠工作。     

EAST-NBI抑制极电源IGBT串联技术的研究

中性束注入器(Neutral Beam Injector,NBI)是东方超环(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak,EAST)核聚变实验装置辅助加热的重要组成部分。目前NBI离子源引出系统采用四电极结构,即加速电极、梯度电极、抑制电极和地电极。抑制极电源是为其中的抑制电极提供负电位的高压直流电源。根据抑制极电源输出特性的要求,输出端采用串联绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor,IGBT)作为调制开关。为研究IGBT串联技术对均压效果和抑制极电源输出特性的影响,采用PSpice软件对IGBT开关进行了建模,并进行了不同电路参数下的仿真。仿真表明:一定条件下,电阻电容二极管(Resistance Capacitance Diode,RCD)缓冲电路中电容参数对动态均压效果和电源关断特性具有决定性影响,缓冲电阻影响电容的放电时间及放电电流峰值。最后给出了相应的实验测试结果。该研究结果可以明确缓冲电路参数与均压效果以及抑制极电源开关特性之间的定量关系,为抑制极电源开关特性的进一步优化及其与加速极电源的特性匹配提供数据指导,对于NBI离子源的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。     

基于数字控制大功率整流电源的设计

针对典型的大功率整流电源,提出了一种基于数字控制的设计方案。通过对大功率中性束注入器离子源灯丝电源的方案设计和实验结果,验证了数字控制方案的可行性与优越性。由于数字控制方案的应用,使得灯丝电源的设计更加智能化和简单化,为相关的应用场合提供了参考。     

The development of data acquisition and control system for extraction power supply of prototype RF ion source

A 16 kV/20 A power supply was developed for the extraction grid of prototype radio frequency (RF) ion source of neutral beam injector.To acquire the state signals of extraction grid power supply (EGPS) and control the operation of the EGPS,a data acquisition and control system has been developed.This system mainly consists of interlock protection circuit board,photoelectric conversion circuit,optical fibers,industrial compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI) computer and host computer.The human machine interface of host computer delivers commands and data to program of the CPCI computer,as well as offers a convenient client for setting parameters and displaying EGPS status.The CPCI computer acquires the status of the power supply.The system can turn-off the EGPS quickly when the faults of EGPS occur.The system has been applied to the EGPS of prototype RF ion source.Test results show that the data acquisition and control system for the EGPS can meet the requirements of the operation of prototype RF ion source.     

860 A溅射负离子源电离器及电源的改进

本文采用直径为2.5 mm的不锈钢铠装热丝研制了透射型表面电离器,并对离子源电源进行了改进。用连续可调直流开关电源代替原装交流电源作为电离器电源,用置于地电位的0~-20 kV电源代替原悬浮于-20 kV引出电压上的10 kV浸没透镜电源。给出了改进后GIC4117 2×1.7 MV串列加速器前法拉第杯H^-流强随电离器加热电流的变化曲线。     

HL-2AMW级中性束注入系统弧流电源设计

中性束注入是磁约束受控核聚变实验装置中加热等离子体最有效的方法之一。针对中国环流器2号中性束大功率离子源的特点,从系统功能、主电路拓扑结构、控制硬件及控制时序等方面对弧流电源进行设计。整个电源由低位移相交流调压、高压隔离降压变压器、整流滤波和电流快速转移电路4部分组成。IGBT与电阻串联组成电流快速转移阵列电路,与离子源并联,可实现电流单次或多次快速转移、参数远程设定,有效用于强流离子束的引出和保护。选用DSP和CPLD电路技术实现低位与高位控制器。实验数据显示,该电源最大输出为200kW/1000A,纹波小于2％,开关上升下降时间达μs级。目前,该电源已安全运行3年,可靠性高,完全满足装置离子源及系统要求,也可应用于其它等离子体技术应用场合。     

R&D progress of high power ion source on EAST-NBI

The neutral beam injector(NBI) system was designed and developed mainly for the plasma heating on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). The high power ion source is the key part of the NBI. A hot cathode ion source was used on the EAST-NBI. The ion source was conditioned on the ion source test bed with hydrogen gas and achieved the designed parameters. The deuterium gas was used when it moved to the EAST-NBI. The main performance of the ion source on EAST is presented in this paper. The highest beam power of 4.5 MW in NBI-1 and 2.75 MW in NBI-2 was achieved. The total neutral beam power is about 4.5 MW. The long pulse beam of 100 s is injected into the EAST plasma too.     

加速器多靶位离子源电动换靶装置

介绍一个利用单片机控制步进电机以完成离子源换靶动作的电控系统,采用新颖高低双电压电源驱动步进电机以及环形脉冲分配器并将几万伏高位上的并行信号转变成串行信号经光纤与地电位上的单片机实现通讯。     

Studies on the Matching Network of the High Power Radio Frequency Transmitter for the NBI RF Ion Source

A radio frequency (RF) driven ion source has been developed at ASIPP (Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS) for the neutral beam injector with a 1 MHz, 25 kW RF power supply system. The paper describes the studies performed with emphasis on the RF matching network system design based on the dedicated Smith chart analyses to improve and simplify the optimized solution. Also the future RF matching network design was analyzed with the matching transformers which were set between the high-power RF transmitter and the RF driven ion source to isolate the high voltage from the accelerator of the ion source.     

重离子治癌电源调节器的嵌入式系统

为满足HITFiL重离子治癌装置中对扫描铁电源精确控制的需求,基于EDA技术构建了嵌入式实时控制系统,采用高级RISC微处理器(ARM)+现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)+DA/AD技术实现对磁铁电源系统数字调节器的设计。经现场测试,本套系统运行稳定可靠,达到了设计要求,为今后重离子治癌专用装置的建设应用提供了可靠的技术保障。     

基于Saber的5MW中性束注入弧电源仿真设计

强流离子源是HL-2M装置5 MW中性束注入加热系统的核心部件,离子源通过弧电源加速初级电子至高能态,碰撞气体分子,产生等离子体。所以,弧电源对于离子源维持稳定的弧放电非常重要。本文利用Saber软件建立了弧电源的主电路模型,设计并仿真了弧电流的恒流控制、打坑控制以及超级电容的恒流充电控制、恒功率放电控制等。这种方法不仅提高了弧电源电路的分析和设计效率,缩短了系统研制的周期,还可用于实际系统的故障分析和控制参数的整定,降低实验风险。实验结果表明,弧电源的真实输出与仿真输出结果相符。     

重离子加速器磁铁电源控制系统研制

重离子加速器通过一定周期的磁场对带电粒子进行约束,磁铁电源是产生所需磁场的关键部件,因此,要求磁铁电源控制系统具备高效性、稳定性、精确性。磁铁电源需按加速器运行周期进行响应运行。重离子加速器磁铁电源的时序必须严格按重离子加速器控制系统的控制时序进行控制。本工作研制了重离子加速器磁铁电源控制系统,通过磁铁电源控制器与同步时钟系统的通信进行控制时序的运行;通过与中央数据库的数据通信获取磁铁电源控制器所需的全部数据(如同步事例数据、波形数据等)。同步时钟信号一旦触发,磁铁电源控制器进行相应的数据获取并进行插值运算输出至磁铁电源进行控制。重离子加速器磁铁电源控制系统同步精度为1μs,实验平台测试控制器平台纹波精度为100ppm,能满足重离子加速器实验运行的要求。     

RADI—A RF source size-scaling experiment towards the ITER neutral beam negative ion source

IPP Garching is currently developing a negative hydrogen ion RF source for the ITER neutral beam system. The source demonstrated already current densities in excess of the ITER requirements (>200 A/m² D⁻) at the required source pressure and electron/ion ratio, but with only small extraction area and limited pulse length. A new test facility (RADI) went recently into operation for the demonstration of the required (plasma) homogeneity of a large RF source and the modular driver concept.The source with the dimension of 0.8 m × 0.76 m has roughly the width and half the height of the ITER source; its modular driver concept will allow an easy extrapolation in only one direction to the full size ITER source. The RF power supply consists of two 180 kW, 1 MHz RF generators capable of 30 s pulses. A dummy grid matches the conductance of the ITER source. Full size extraction is presently not possible due to the lack of an insulator, a large size extraction system and a beam dump.The main parameters determining the performance of this “half-size” source are the negative ion and electron density in front of the grid as well as the homogeneity of their profiles across the grid. Those will be measured by optical emission and cavity ring down spectroscopy, by Langmuir probes and laser detachment. These methods have been calibrated to the extracted current densities achieved at the smaller source test facilities at IPP for similar source parameters. However, in order to get some information about the possible ion and electron currents, local single aperture extraction with a Faraday cup system is planned.