Digital audio broadcasting in the FM band based on continuous phase modulation

A method for broadcasting digital audio signals simultaneously with existing analog frequency modulation radio (88-108 MHz) in adjacent channels is presented. The digital transmission is based on continuous phase modulation (CPM) and a proper reduced-state sequence estimator. With the proposed method, the power level and the symbol rate of the transmitter signal is determined in a manner that the interference the CPM signal poses for the analog FM signal in adjacent channels remains below a level according to the radio frequency emission mask defined by international rules. Due to the multipath propagation of the transmitted signal, the transmission behavior of the radio channel is determined by high dispersion up to 85 /spl mu/s. With the selected bit rate, the receiver has to cope with a channel memory of up to 17 bits. Since Viterbi detection is not feasible due to the number of channel states, detection is performed by a reduced-state sequence estimator that is able to eliminate the complete channel interference by decision feedback. Simulation results show that the detector almost achieves the detection quality of the optimum receiver. CPM achieves data rates of up to 200 kb/s inside a 200 kHz FM channel, which is sufficient for transmission of digital compressed audio signals at compact disc quality. The encouraging results of field tests will be published in another paper.     

Coexistence Between UWB and Narrow-Band Wireless Communication Systems

Ultra-wide-band (UWB) signals are suitable for underlay communications, over a frequency band where, possibly, other systems are active. Such coexistence of UWB and other systems is possible if the mutual interference has a small impact on their respective performance. This paper aims to present recent results on the interference and coexistence among UWB systems and other conventional narrow-band (NB) systems. Specifically, we consider a point-to-point UWB (NB) link under the interference generated by a finite number of NB (UWB) radio transmitters. We consider channels including additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading both for the victim and the interfering links, and different receiver architectures. While our main focus is on UWB systems based on impulse radio, wide-band systems employing carrier-based direct-sequence spread-spectrum and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing are also considered.      

Using the root-mean-square detector for weighting of disturbancesaccording to its effect on digital communication services

The issue of finding a new electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement detector with proper weighting properties for the effect of disturbances on digital communication services is of great importance for the development of future emission standards. We investigate the root-mean-square (RMS) detector as a possible candidate for future emission measurements. This investigation is done for type of disturbances typical for information technology (IT) equipment, i.e., a repetitive pulse waveform. We show that the tolerated RMS value of the disturbance level related to a certain bit-error probability is in practice independent of the pulse width of a repetitive pulsed disturbance signal. Furthermore, the variation of this tolerated RMS value with the pulse-repetition frequency of the disturbance can easily be modeled. These properties make it possible to express the maximum allowed disturbance level in terms of the output from the RMS detector. The conclusion is that the RMS detector is a promising candidate for future emission standards where the disturbance effect on digital communication services is considered     

A possible concept of how present radiated emission standards could be amended in order to protect digital communication services

Present radiated emission standards are developed to protect analog communication services. Finding a new detector for electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements with adequate weighting properties to quantify the effect of disturbance on digital communication services, is one important issue in the evolution of present radiated emission standards in order to protect digital communication services. Recent measurement and simulation results indicated that the RMS detector exhibits a response that can be correlated to the interference impact on digital communication systems that do not use error-correcting codes, or codes of block or convolutional type. In this paper, we show that this conclusion is also valid for systems using the more complicated concatenated codes. The codes investigated so far cover a representative and relevant selection of codes employed in practical digital systems. Therefore, the proposed concept to amend existing radiated emission standards is considered valid.     

Simultaneous broadcasting of analog FM and digital audio signals bymeans of adaptive precanceling techniques

A method for broadcasting digital audio simultaneously with existing analog frequency modulation (FM) radio is presented. The method is based on precomputing the response of the host analog FM signal at the digital receiver and precanceling it at the transmitter. As a result, the digital transmission is free from interference from analog FM. We select the rate and power level of the digital transmission in a manner that the interference the digital data incur on the analog FM signal remains at acceptably low levels. The digital transmission is based on adaptive orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) (adaptive multicarrier). The frequencies and number of carriers of the digital multicarrier modem are judiciously selected in a time-varying fashion so as to cause a negligible distortion in a standard receiver for analog FM. Simulations based on conservative nonoptimized signal design indicate that data rates up to about 130 kb/s inside the 200-kHz FM channel are achievable for acoustic test signals. We present a number of numerical examples where the average digital data use up to 50% of the 200-kHz power spectrum with digital signal power levels 25-35 dB below the analog signal. Due to the resulting variable-rate digital transmission, a control channel is required. A method of precanceling with multiple orthogonal direct-sequence spread-spectrum schemes is also presented     

一种快速无线电监测接收机实现

研究了一种快速准确的信号识别系统,可应用于无线电监测。系统由模拟接收、数字接收和处理终端等部分构成,模拟接收部分和现有的无线电监视接收机具有相同的功能,数字接收包括适应不同带宽信号的多速率数据采集和数字下变频,数据实时地由 PCI 总线传输到处理终端,处理终端由微机和加裁的信号识别应用软件构成。试验证实了系统能正确完成数据采集、数据分析和快速准确识别信号等设计功能。系统还具有通用性的特点、功能可选择。     

盐城地面数字电视发射传输网络系统分析

主要以广播电视信号的流程为顺序,从信号的传输、编码器的设置、发射机的组成、激励器的设置、天馈线系统的选择和地面数字电视信号的接收6个方面,对系统的组成做了详细介绍。在介绍各个环节的同时,根据运行、维护经验,针对该部分设备中的不同选项对发射和接收会产生怎样的影响做了详细说明。     

Analysis of adjacent-band interference between Earth stations andEarth-orbiting satellites

It is desirable to determine the potential for radio frequency interference between Earth stations and orbiting spacecraft. This information can be used to select frequencies for radio systems to avoid interference or to determine if coordination between radio systems is necessary. Also, it is useful for planning emission standards and filtering requirements for future telecommunications equipment. A model is developed that will determine the statistics of interference between Earth stations and elliptical orbiting spacecraft. The model uses orbital dynamics, detailed antenna patterns, and spectral characteristics to obtain accurate levels of interference at the victim receiver. The model is programmed into a computer simulation to obtain long-term statistics of interference. An example is shown to demonstrate the model. Interference from Earth-exploration satellites to a deep-space Earth station is simulated. This paper includes the effect of data asymmetry and finite transition time on the interference statistics. It is shown that moderate data asymmetry can adversely affect the interference at a deep space Earth station receiver     

基于软件无线电的中短波接收机设计

目前广播系统正由模拟体制向数字化体制过渡,数字版权管理（DRM,Digital Radio Mondiale）系统就是针对30 MHz以下频段的数字广播标准。作为软件无线电的核心技术之一,数字接收机技术得到了越来越普遍的应用。介绍了一种基于软件无线电的中短波接收机的硬件系统结构,这种软件无线电接收机结构可以同时解码音频和数据流,兼容目前的模拟调幅广播和数字调幅广播标准。重点讨论了电调滤波器的设计,最后使用EDA软件进行仿真,并给出了仿真结果。     

一种超短波背景信号模拟器设计

当今世界电磁环境异常复杂,不仅包括军用电台、雷达等信号,还包括民用广播、通信等信号,如何验证在复杂电磁环境中通信设备的性能,是关心的课题。介绍了一种超短波背景信号模拟器的设计方案,模拟日益复杂的电磁环境。对其中的关键技术和实现方式进行了论述,着重分析了数字频率合成器和跳频跳时控制器及其中的直接数字频率合成技术,讨论了变频器设计中频率组合干扰问题,给出了在工程中实用的设计方法。     

A Novel Receiver Architecture for DBF Antenna Array

The developments of the high speed analog to digital converters （ADC） and advanced digital signal processors （DSP） make the smart antenna with digital beamforming （DBF） a reality. In conventional M-elements array antenna system, each element has its own receiving channel and ADCs. In this paper, a novel smart antenna receiver with digital beamforming is proposed. The essential idea is to realize the digital beamforming receiver based on bandpass sampling of multiple distinct intermediate frequency （IF） signals. The proposed system reduces receiver hardware from M IF channels and 2M ADCs to one IF channel and one ADC using a heterodyne radio frequency （RF） circuitry and a multiple bandpass sampling digital receiver. In this scheme, the sampling rate of the ADC is much higher than the summation of the M times of the signal bandwidth. The local oscillator produces different local frequency for each RF channel The receiver architecture is presented in detail, and the simulation of bandpass sampling of multiple signals and digital down conversion to baseband is given. The principle analysis and simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the new proposed receiver.     

Computer-aided design flow of devices for generating and processing signals for satellite navigation systems

The models of the analog and digital parts of a GLONASS receiver obtained using a Matlab Simulink simulation environment are presented. The possibilities of estimating the characteristics of the analog part of the GLONASS receiver in the ADS CAD software are investigated. The design flow is proposed based on the construction of a cross-cutting radio channel model using a different CAD software. The considered models expand the opportunities for thoroughly investigating radio channels in the field of satellite navigation and improving the existing devices for receiving and processing GLONASS signals.     

Digitized speech transmission at VHF using existing FM mobile radios

An extensive study of digitized speech transmission over existing VHF FM mobile radio sets is presented. Objective criteria expressed in terms of bit error rate (BER) are determined for the performance evaluation of analog FM radios when transmitting digital voice. These criteria are used to define the technical characteristics such as the receiver sensitivity, co-channel rejection, and adjacent channel selectivity in the case of digital FM transmission. The concept of performance measurements of existing sets in the digital mode of operation is suggested. The results of performance measurements reported here include the following: 1) radiated FM spectra, 2) bit error rate curves, 3) receiver sensitivity, 4) BER performance in the presence of analog or digital FM interference on the same or adjacent channel, 5) signal plus noise plus distortion to noise plus distortion ratio (SINAD) performance in the presence of co-channel or adjacent channel interference for both types of interfering signals, 6) co-channel rejection and adjacent channel selectivity for various combinations of the wanted and interfering signals, 7) receiver selectivity for both modes of operation, and 8) adjacent-signal selectivity for various combinations of the desired and undesired signals. Optimum values of design parameters of digital voice radio system are deduced from the obtained results. Finally, the implications of digitized speech transmission on the technical characteristics, operating range, channel reuse distance, and adjacent channel interference performance of analog FM radios are discussed.     

Differential phase shift keying in two-path Rayleigh channel withadjacent channel interference

A formula is derived for the error probability of M-ary differential phase-shift keying with differential phase detection in a two-path Rayleigh fading channel taking into account adjacent channel interference (ACI), cochannel interference (CCI), intersymbol interference (ISI), and Doppler frequency shift. Square-root Nyquist filters are used with roll-off, β, the transmitter and receiver as in the proposed US digital mobile radio system. The presence of the second path has a profound effect on increasing the bit error probability (BEP) because it causes ISI. In the absence of ISI, ACI has a smaller effect on BEP than CCI. In the presence of ISI their effect is essentially the same. For a given bit energy-to-noise ratio, the binary system has the lowest BEP; however, the bit rate is also the lowest for a given bandwidth. When the main interference is ACI or CCI, a quaternary system has a lower BEP than the octal system. When the main interference is ISI, this is reversed     

中频数字接收机的MSK调制解调仿真

软件无线电接收机要求解调模式灵活可变,并可通过设置参数来改变解调模式。根据自然基金项目要求,从多种经典调制方式中一种重要调制方式：最小频移键控（MSK）的基本模型入手,介绍了一种利用Simulink软件实现MSK仿真的方法,并根据最佳状态接收机的原理设计了一种最佳状态接收机模块,通过改变系统的参数,对结果进行了分析,验证了MSK调制解调的性能。     

Enabling Components for Multi-Standard Software Radio Base Stations

Receiver and transmitter technology is an enablingfactor for the software radio concept, with analogueto digital conversion being the limiting performancefactor. The requirement for common hardware forseveral different systems leads to parameterizedmodules and higher integration levels. Moduledefinition is closely related to the architecturalchallenges of receiver design. Emerging multi-mode base stations favour larger hardware granularity. Thesoftware radio approach reduces the hardwarecomplexity of a cell site from several racks ofdiscrete single-channel radios to one or two shelvesof open architecture modules.This paper presents critical functional blocks forwide-band multi-mode base stations based on thesoftware radio concept. Major component specificationsare reviewed showing the implications on systemdesign. Functional and performance parameters foranalogue to digital converters (ADCs), digital toanalogue converters (DACs), digital down and upconverters are illustrated using specific products.Applications are presented by revisiting existingtransceiver architectures in the framework of nextgeneration wireless standards.     

多通道数字接收机的设计与实现

为了解决传统模拟中频接收机相位分辨率低等缺点,提出一种基于软件无线电的中频数字接收机技术。针对雷达信号的特点提出了脉宽匹配滤波器的设计方法。采用基于多相滤波的正交变换理论,以及基于脉宽匹配的数字滤波器方法完成了一种五通道中频数字接收机的设计。接收机利用五路高速A/D变换器对输入的模拟信号进行采样,然后将采样数据送入FPGA进行处理,最终完成了每两路信号相位差的提取。实验结果表明系统具有成本低、精度高、结构简单等特点,而且具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Diversity Gain for DVB-H by Using Transmitter/Receiver Cyclic Delay Diversity

The objective of this paper is to investigate different diversity techniques for broadcast networks that will minimize the complexity and improve received SNR of broadcast systems. Resultant digital broadcast networks would require fewer transmitter sites and thus be more cost-effective and have less environmental impact. The techniques can be applied to DVB-T, DVB-H and DAB systems that use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). These are key radio broadcast network technologies, which are expected to complement emerging technologies such as WiMAX and future 4G networks for delivery of broadband content. Transmitter and receiver diversity technologies can increase the frequency and time selectivity of the resulting channel transfer function at the receiver. Diversity exploits the statistical nature of fading due to multipath and reduces the likelihood of deep fading by providing a diversity of transmission signals. Multiple signals are transmitted in such a way as to ensure that several signals reach the receiver each with uncorrelated fading. Transmit diversity is more practical than receive diversity due to the difficulty of locating two receive antennas far enough apart in a small mobile device. The schemes examined here comply with existing DVB standards and can be incorporated into existing systems without change. The diversity techniques introduced in this paper are applied to the DVB-H system. Bit error performance investigations were conducted by simulation for different DVB-H and diversity parameters     

RF Band‐Pass Sampling Frontend for Multiband Access CR/SDR Receiver

Radio frequency (RF) subsampling can be used by radio receivers to directly down‐convert and digitize RF signals. A goal of a cognitive radio/software defined ratio (CR/SDR) receiver design is to place the analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) as near the antenna as possible. Based on this, a band‐pass sampling (BPS) frontend for CR/SDR is proposed and verified. We present a receiver architecture based second‐order BPS and signal processing techniques for a digital RF frontend. This paper is focused on the benefits of the second‐order BPS architecture in spectrum sensing over a wide frequency band range and in multiband receiving without modification of the RF hardware. Methods to manipulate the spectra are described, and reconstruction filter designs are provided. On the basis of this concept, second‐order BPS frontends for CR/SDR systems are designed and verified using a hardware platform.