植物源抗病毒剂20%丁香酚水乳剂防治番茄病毒病田间药效试验

[目的]研究植物源抗病毒剂20%丁香酚水乳剂对番茄病毒病的田间防治试验。[方法]以番茄病毒病为对象,采用田间小区药效试验的方法检测20%丁香酚水乳剂对其防治效果。[结果]田间药效试验结果表明:20%丁香酚水乳剂135 g a.i./hm2三次药后的防效为89.75%,高于对照药剂,差异显著。[结论]20%丁香酚水乳剂对番茄病毒病效果较好,对作物安全,是防治番茄病毒病的较好杀菌剂。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控措施

<正>近些年来,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病已呈现由南向北、由点片发生向面式暴发的态势,该病是一种新传入的毁灭性病害,对蔬菜生产造成了极大的损失。番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,简称番茄TY病毒病,番茄感染该病毒后,叶片边缘鲜黄色,卷曲,叶脉墨绿色,叶肉变厚,叶片变小;植株矮化萎缩,开花延迟,花和果实减少,产量损失严重。早期感染病毒病的植株,常严重矮缩,生长缓慢或停滞,坐果前叶片直立,叶变小,有皱褶,叶脉至叶片边缘黄化,坐果减少或     

上海市2009年蔬菜病虫发生趋势长期预报

1 2008年蔬菜主要病虫发生概况 2008年全市蔬菜主要病虫害总体呈中等偏重程度，蔬菜主要病虫发生约650万亩次。其中甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾大发生；小地老虎、菜青虫、黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病、细菌性角斑病、辣椒苗期黄化萎缩病毒病、辣椒成株期病毒病、番茄苗期黄化萎缩病毒病.     

新型农药嘧肽霉素防治番茄病毒病药效

室内和田间一系列试验表明，嘧肽霉素对番茄等蔬菜、瓜类的病毒病具有良好的防治效果，最高防效达82．2％，并使作物相应增产。该药剂对病毒病还具有治疗作用，并兼有调节和改善作物其它性状的作用。嘧肽霉素因其高效、低毒、无残留而最适合于蔬菜、瓜类等作物病毒病的防治。     

20%嘧肽·吗啉胍悬浮剂防治病毒病效果研究

为研究20%嘧肽·吗啉胍悬浮剂对病毒病的防治效果,开展室内试验和田间药效试验。试验结果表明,20%嘧肽·吗啉胍悬浮剂对烟草花叶病毒具有良好的抑制效果,枯斑抑制率为64.8%～83.7%。其对番茄病毒病具有良好的防治效果,防效为66.58%～84.42%。20%嘧肽·吗啉胍悬浮剂对病毒病的防效好于对照药剂20%吗胍·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂。     

蔬菜十大病害防治要点

1．辣椒、番茄、豆类病毒病发病初期用磷酸二氢钾1000倍液或高锰酸钾800倍液或83增抗剂5毫升对水30公斤喷雾，每隔7天喷1次，连喷2次即可见效。     

开发防治番茄的黄瓜花叶病毒病的特效药

日本北海道农业试验场利用生物工程技术,对黄瓜花叶病毒的核糖核酸进行部分置换,试制成疫苗,对危害较大的番茄的黄瓜花叶病毒病进行防治,取得了良好的效果。黄瓜花叶病毒虽有几种类型,但是,其基因都是由五个核糖核酸所组成的,其中四个核糖核酸传递病害特征的遗传信息,一个是起控制病状作用的卫星核糖核酸。在引起番茄卷     

氟吡呋喃酮对烟粉虱传播的番茄黄化曲叶病毒病具有很大预防潜力

<正>烟粉虱及其传播的番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCV)近年来为害严重,使用杀虫剂抑制传毒介体在植物间传毒是目前防控该病虫组合的常用手段。天津师范大学生命科学学院等单位研究人员通过选择试验探讨了氟吡呋喃酮、溴氰虫酰胺和噻虫嗪3种杀虫剂分别在亚致死浓度(LC_(15)、LC_(40))和田间应用浓度处理下番茄苗对携带番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TYLCV)Q烟粉虱的驱避效应。     

自主创制抗植物病毒新农药：毒氟磷

毒氟磷是由贵州大学教育部绿色农药与农业生物工程重点实验室、贵州大学精细化工研究开发中心等开发的含氟氨基膦酸酯类新型抗植物病毒剂，其对烟草、黄瓜、番茄病毒病具有良好的防治效果，于2001年发现，2007年获农业部农药临时登记。     

牛心朴子草抗植物病毒成分的提取与应用

以牛心朴子草为原料,研究了提取其中抗植物病毒成分生物碱的方法和工艺条件,以及提取物对番茄病毒病的防治效果。结果表明,用pH值为1~2的工业酒精为提取剂,在浸渍温度为40℃左右,浸渍时间为8~10小时的工艺条件下,总生物碱的提取率为0.12%;采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对总生物碱的精制效果较好;当制剂中总生物碱浓度为50×1-0 6g/m l时,对番茄毒病田间防治效果为30~40%。     

硫酸盐竹浆 ECF 漂白过程中糖类 组分变化的研究

应用高效液相色谱法研究了硫酸盐竹浆 ECF 漂白过程中二氧化氯漂白段糖类组分的变化情况。结果表明,葡聚糖、木聚糖和阿拉伯聚糖在二氧化氯漂白过程中有不同的降解率,葡聚糖降解率只有 0.133%,而木聚糖的降解率为 0.907%,阿拉伯聚糖的降解率达 79.77%,明显高于葡聚糖的降解率。     

大豆异黄酮的纯化工艺研究

采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶及反相硅胶RP-18等4种填料的柱层析法纯化大豆异黄酮。结果表明,四种层析填料的纯化效果均较好,大豆异黄酮纯度达30％以上,其中以葡聚糖凝胶为填料的柱层析法分离纯化效果最佳,纯度可达55．45％,提取率为90％。     

胡萝卜白粉病病情分级标准的建立及其防治药剂筛选

[目的]建立胡萝卜白粉病病情分级标准,并筛选出防治该病害的高效低毒药剂。[方法]根据胡萝卜白粉病发病规律和症状特征制定出该病害的病情分级标准,并通过田间试验测定7种供试药剂对胡萝卜白粉病的防治效果。[结果]7种供试药剂中,0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂防效最高,为79.21%;3种三唑类杀菌剂的防效也均在70%以上。试验药剂对胡萝卜产量的影响与其对胡萝卜白粉病防效不成正比,广谱性杀菌剂代森锰锌和百菌清处理产量最高。[结论]生物制剂0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂和3种三唑类药剂杀菌剂对胡萝卜白粉病具有较好的防治效果。     

5种生物农药对设施番茄蚜虫和白粉虱的田间防效评价

[目的]评价0.3%苦参碱AS、0.5%藜芦碱SL、0.6%印楝素EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG对设施番茄蚜虫和白粉虱的田间防治效果,筛选出防治效果较好的生物农药。[方法]以清水为空白对照,70%吡虫啉WG为药剂对照,采用茎叶喷雾法进行田间防效试验。[结果]药后3 d时各生物农药处理对蚜虫防治效果显著低于70%吡虫啉WG,7 d时防效相当,15 d时防效显著高于70%吡虫啉WG;药后15 d内70%吡虫啉WG处理对白粉虱防治效果均在90%以上,显著高于各生物农药;3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG对设施番茄蚜虫和白粉虱防治效果优于其他生物农药。[结论]3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG是防治设施番茄蚜虫和白粉虱的理想生物农药。     

Defensive Role of Tomato Polyphenol Oxidases against Cotton Bollworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis>) and Beet Armyworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera exigua</Emphasis>)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), enzymes that oxidize phenolics to quinones, have been implicated in plant resistance to insects. The role of PPO in resistance to cotton bollworm [Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)] and beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated. Consumption, weight gains, and mortality of larvae feeding on foliage of transgenic tomato lines overexpressing PPO (OP lines) and of larvae feeding on foliage of transgenic tomato lines with suppressed PPO (SP lines) were compared with consumption, weight gains, and mortality of larvae feeding on non-transformed (NT) plants. Increases in foliage consumption and weight gains were observed for cotton bollworms feeding on leaves of SP plants compared to NT and OP plants. PPO activity was negatively correlated with both weight gains and foliar consumption of cotton bollworm, substantiating the defensive role of PPO against this insect. Similarly, beet armyworm consumed less foliage (both young and old leaves) from OP plants than SP plants. Larvae feeding on OP leaves generally exhibited lower weight gains than those feeding on SP leaves. These results indicate that tomato PPO plays a role in resistance to both cotton bollworm and beet armyworm.     

10%世高防治大棚番茄叶霉病试验

番茄叶霉病在番茄生长中后期发生较普遍，目前对该病的防治缺乏较理想的药剂，用10％世高防治番茄叶霉病效果显著。     

Emulsion polymerization of styrene using mixtures of hydrophobically modified inulin (polyfructose) polymeric surfactant and nonionic surfactants

Polystyrene latex dispersions were prepared by emulsion polymerization, using a mixture of hydrophobically modified Inulin (INUTEC® SP1) and various nonionic surfactants (cosurfactants). Two series of nonionic surfactants were used, namely Synperonic A (C_13–15 alkyl chain with 7, 11, and 20 moles of ethylene oxide, EO) and Synperonic NP (nonylphenol with 10 and 15 moles of EO). For 5 wt % latex, the INUTEC SP1 concentration was kept constant at 0.0165 wt % and the initiator concentration was also kept constant at 0.0125 wt %, whereas the cosurfactant concentration was varied between 0.1 and 0.5 wt %. With the exception of Synperonic A20, all other cosurfactants showed an initial increase in particle diameter followed by a decreased reaching a value comparable with that obtained using INUTEC SP1 alone. However, A20 produced a continuous reduction in particle diameter with increase of surfactant concentration, reaching a value of 100 nm at 0.5 wt % which is lower than the value obtained using INUTEC SP1 alone (188 nm). In all cases, addition of a cosurfactant enhanced the stability of latexes by co‐adsorption at the solid–liquid interface. The enhanced stability produced by the addition of cosurfactants to INUTEC SP1 could be illustrated by using the mixture of INUTEC SP1 and Synperonic A7 at 40 wt % of styrene latex concentration. In this case, the mixture produced lower particle size, much lower polydispersity index and much higher stability. These results are of significant value for industrial applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

污水出水有机物对臭氧氧化舒必利的影响

臭氧氧化可以有效去除诸如药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)等新兴有机污染物, 但去除效果受污水出水水质波动的影响。本研究选择了腐殖酸(HA)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)和海藻酸钠(AGS)3种典型有机物作为模型污水出水有机物(EfOM), 从降解速率和矿化程度两方面出发, 考察了EfOM对臭氧氧化去除一种常用抗精神病药物残留舒必利(SP)的影响。结果表明, 臭氧氧化能有效降低水溶液中SP的浓度, 在各反应条件下, 反应8min后去除率均可达85%以上。然而, 在研究条件下, 臭氧氧化对SP的矿化效果不佳, 反应25min后的TOC去除率小于10%。加入HA和BSA后, SP的臭氧氧化反应受到抑制, 随着HA和BSA浓度的增加, 臭氧氧化SP的反应速率逐渐降低, 反应溶液的矿化程度有所提高;而浓度为0~3.0mg/(L TOC)的AGS对臭氧氧化SP的影响较小。     

Influence of the Pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candidatus</Emphasis> Liberibacter Solanacearum on Tomato Host Plant Volatiles and Psyllid Vector Settlement

Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) is an unculturable bacterium vectored by the tomato potato psyllid (TPP) Bactericera cockerelli and has been associated with Zebra chip disease in potato and with other economically relevant symptoms observed in solanaceous crops. By altering their host and vector’s biological system, pathogens are able to induce changes that benefit them by increasing their transmission rate. Understanding these changes can enable better targeting of mechanisms to control pathogen outbreaks. Here, we explored how the CLso infectious status affects the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the tomato plant, and whether the CLso infectious status of TPP influences host plant settlement. These chemical and behavioral changes can ultimately affect the rate of encounter between the host and the vector. Results from headspace volatile collection of tomato plants showed that CLso infected tomato plants emitted a qualitatively and quantitatively different blend of VOCs compared to sham-infected plants. By a factorial experiment, we showed that CLso negative (CLso-) TPP preferred to settle 70 % more often on infected tomato plants, while CLso positive (CLso+) TPP were found 68 % more often on sham-infected tomato plants. These results provide new evidence in favor of both host and vector manipulation by CLso.