短波宽带OFDM的相对门限干扰消除器

短波宽带OFDM系统极容易受到拥挤频段上的窄带干扰,低信噪比工作条件下可能带来性能的急剧恶化。该文在Nilsson的宽带OFDM系统基础上设计了一种适合短波多径信道的相对门限干扰消除器。分析了低信噪比下相对门限的选取和噪声功率的估计问题,并对信道补偿做了改进,以减小噪声干扰。理论分析和仿真表明,低信噪比下,这种门限干扰消除器可以使系统在有干扰的条件下性能接近于理想干扰消除器的性能。     

宽带HFC网络回传通路输入噪声抑制的研究

在HFC网络回传通路各类噪声中,输入噪声占有相当大的比重.本文将输入噪声抽象为一种窄带干扰,从数字信号处理的角度对其采取非线性抑制措施,并把归一化FTF算法运用到了该干扰抑制器中,提高了信号处理的实时性.在QPSK调制系统下仿真看到其信噪比和误码率改善都很可观.     

Performance of Non-Polarized Noise Modulated Communications System in the Presence of Interference

The noise modulated non-polarized communication system, developed by us recently, is an ultra-wideband transmitted-reference system designed for secure interferencefree communications. By using ultra-wideband random noise to spread the signal and by using polarization diversity for transmitting the spread message and the reference signal, we make the transmitted signal appear totally featureless and noise-like. However, the system may encounter intentional and non-intentional interference since its operating bandwidth is very large. This paper derives analytical models to characterize system performance in partial-band jamming channels and channels containing narrowband interference. Models compare very well with simulations and results validate successful system operation under low signal-to-interference ratio conditions. Research also reveals that the center frequency of transmitted signal must be suitably protected to prevent link outage due to the presence of cross-interference terms. Since multipath acts as self-interference for communication systems, a new method which can improve system performance in multipath environments is also introduced in this paper.     

卫星导航块处理频域抗窄带干扰算法研究

针对卫星导航接收机经常受到窄带干扰影响的问题,研究块处理频域抗窄带干扰算法性能及参数选取,给出了可应用的信号处理框图,并仿真块处理频域自适应抗窄带干扰算法效果,验证了所用算法的性能及优势。     

OFDM系统中基于最优门限选取的窄带干扰抑制方法

针对正交频分复用（OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）系统的窄带干扰问题,提出一种基于接收信号概率分布求取门限的抑制方法。在信道估计阶段,通过空子载波与非空子载波分别估计噪声方差与期望信号幅度,并通过它们与门限值的拟合关系求得干扰抑制门限,如果某些子载波上的包络值高于门限,则认为这些子载波受到了干扰;在信道均衡阶段,对确认受到干扰的子载波数据置零,从而降低窄带干扰对最终译码结果的影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法能有效的对窄带干扰进行检测与抑制,改善系统的性能,且便于硬件实现。      

Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Frequency-Correlated Wideband Fading Channels

For the simulation of practical frequency-diversity wireless communication systems, such as frequency-hopping systems, multicarrier code-division multiple-access systems, and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems, it is often desirable to produce multiple Rayleigh fading processes with given frequency correlation properties. In this paper, a novel stochastic wide-sense stationary sum-of-sinusoids channel simulator is proposed to emulate frequency-correlated wideband fading channels, where the frequency correlation properties are controlled by only adjusting the constant phases. Closed-form expressions are provided for all the parameters of the simulation model. This enables us to investigate analytically the overall correlation properties (not only the correlation coefficients) of the simulated processes with respect to both time separation and frequency separation. It is shown that the wideband channel simulator will be reduced to a narrowband Rayleigh fading-channel simulator by removing the frequency selectivity. Furthermore, the COST 207 typical-urban and rural-area channels are applied to evaluate the performance of the resulting wideband and narrowband channel simulators, respectively. The correlation properties of the simulation models approach the desired ones of the underlying reference models as the number of exponential functions tends to infinity, while very good approximations are achieved with the chosen limited number of exponential functions     

短波窄带OFDM调制解调器设计与实现

在技术和参数上设计实现了应急通信系统中短波窄带正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing,OFDM)调制解调器。依据短波多径信道传输特性和应急通信分组突发传输的特点,研究了适合系统传输的延时相关帧检测、载波频率同步、符号定时同步和信道估计等算法。在3 kHz话音带宽上按照系统速率要求研究设计了短波OFDM调制解调技术参数和技术方案,分析了接收信号帧检测和符号定时同步响应,仿真实现了多径信道下短波窄带数据的高速传输。     

Frequency shift filter‐based multi‐carrier transceiver

It is well known that orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) and suffers from a high peak‐to‐average ratio. In addition, the performance of OFDM is severely affected by strong co‐channel interference and strong narrowband interference. To mitigate the limitations of OFDM, we propose a new multi‐carrier transceiver based on frequency‐shift filter. A frequency‐shift filter can separate spectrally overlapping sub‐carrier signals by exploiting the spectral correlation inherent in the cyclostationary modulated signals. To increase spectral efficiency, we increase the percentage of spectral overlap between two adjacent sub‐channels. We derive an upper bound and a lower bound on the bit error rate performance of the proposed multi‐carrier transceiver in additive white Gaussian noise channel and frequency‐nonselective Rayleigh fading channel, respectively. Compared with OFDM, our simulation results show that the proposed multi‐carrier transceiver is much less sensitive to CFO and has a lower peak‐to‐average ratio; moreover, without any additional interference suppression technique, the proposed transceiver has the advantage of being able to mitigate strong co‐channel interference with CFO from the intended multi‐carrier signal and mitigate strong narrowband interference in additive white Gaussian noise channel and in Rayleigh fading channel in which a large CFO between the transmitted signal and the received signal often occurs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带有噪声相关性的自适应噪声抵消系统仿真研究

本文为了在语音信号处理中能消除含噪语音信号中的背景噪音,采用自适应信号处理的理论和技术来达到提高语音信号质量的目的。通过介绍自适应滤波器原理,在对自适应滤波器相关理论研究的基础上,研究了LMS自适应滤波算法,并对LMS自适应算法进行了分析。同时为了使输入的参考信号与噪声相关,加入分离周期信号与带有窄带干扰抑制的宽带信号。通过分析仿真结果表明基于LMS算法的自适应噪声抵消技术可以有效地抵消正弦干扰信号,同时加入宽带信号中的周期性噪声,在没有另外的与噪声相关的参考信号的情况下,可以使用自适应噪声抵消系统来消除这种同期性干扰噪声。     

一种基于阵列单通道的DOA估计新方法

为克服阵列多通道系统硬件量大,造价高及通道间存在不一致时性能恶化等不足,提出了一种新的基于阵列单通道的DOA估计方法。首先,通过射频开关控制接收通道轮流对各阵元进行采样建立新的阵列单通道窄带信号空间谱估计模型,接着基于该模型推导了来波方向的后验概率密度函数,然后结合马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法(MCMC),实现了DOA的估计。仿真实验结果表明,该方法参数估计性能好,分辨率高,能够处理相干信号。     

短波宽带信道中噪声与干扰建模

短波通信系统依靠电离层传播,具有通信距离远,灵活性高,抗干扰性强,成本低廉等特点,是一种重要的国防军事通信手段。传统短波通信受电离层特性影响而有效带宽较窄,导致数据传输速率极低。因此,提高信道容量实现高速数据传输的短波宽带通信系统越来越受到重视。短波宽带信道建模是短波宽带通信系统正常发挥性能的关键,对短波宽带通信系统的设计与实际应用具有重要的实际意义。结合现有短波宽带信道的衰落特性模型,介绍了短波宽带信道噪声和干扰模型,并进行了比较和可靠性分析,发现现有模型形式比较单调统一,但和实际测量数据一致,能有效描述短波宽带通信中信道噪声与干扰特性,模型已经比较完善。最后,提出了进一步研究的重点方向。     

宽带短波信道模拟器中数字下变频的实现

宽带短波信道模拟器是一种运用仿真技术对真实的短波信道进行模拟的仪器。首先指出数字下变频在宽带短波信道模拟器中的作用。然后,阐述了数字下变频中的数控振荡器、CIC滤波器、半带滤波器和低通滤波器的实现方法。最后,结合Matlab算法仿真技术,不依赖FPGA的IP核,设计并实现了基于FPGA的数字下变频。功能与时序仿真结果表明:基于FPGA设计实现的数字下变频能够满足宽带短波信道模拟器性能指标要求,并且具有灵活性、通用性和修改参数方便等特点。     

基于VC与Fortran的短波传输性能仿真

结合VC与Fortran在程序设计上的优势,设计了一种短波传输性能仿真模型。该模型利用了VC编写程序界面的美观性生成了收、发界面模块和Fortran编写程序的科学计算精确度高,运算速率快生成了信道模型的计算模块。通过场景设计和功能设定对短波传输信道进行了性能参数仿真,得到了短波传输的信噪比。并对仿真结果进行了分析,基本满足了消息传输的实时性和可靠性。     

Simulation issues for future wireless modems

Mobile communication systems present several design challenges that stem from the mobility of users throughout the system and the time-varying multipath channel and interference. To address these challenges, future wireless modems will rely on performance enhancing techniques such as adaptive antennas, DSP-based interference rejection techniques, and real-time signal processing for capacity improvement. The authors present an overview of key simulation issues for wireless communications systems. First, the burst error characteristics of the mobile channel require the selection of appropriate performance measures. Second, accurate simulations require realistic channel models that include the effects of attenuation, multipath propagation, noise, and interference. Third, link-level simulation of wireless systems requires attention to details of system implementation including the effects of nonlinearities. Finally, efficient simulation of CDMA systems may require a combination of analytic and simulation techniques     

Filterbank-based blind code synchronization for DS-CDMA systems in multipath fading channels

We present a filterbank approach to blind code synchronization for asynchronous direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The key idea of the proposed scheme is to first pass the received signal through a bank of filters, which are designed to enhance signals of interest and suppress interference/noise, and then to derive the code timing from the filtered data. The only required knowledge by the proposed filterbank scheme is the spreading code of the desired user. It can be used in various environments, including frequency-nonselective and frequency-selective, time-invariant, and time-varying fading channels. It can deal with colored channel noise and unmodeled interference, such as inter-cell interference (ICI) and narrowband interference. It has relatively low complexity and can be readily implemented using standard adaptive algorithms. We show that under mild conditions, the proposed scheme yields statistically consistent [in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)] code timing estimates, irrespective of the strength of the interference and with only a finite number of data samples. We also derive an unconditional Cramer-Rao bound (UCRB), which serves as a lower bound for all unbiased blind code synchronization schemes. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme compares favorably with a popular subspace-based method in terms of user capacity, near-far resistance, and robustness to time-varying fading and unmodeled interference.     

卫星扩频通信中一种简化的窄带干扰抑制方法

针对卫星扩频通信中的强窄带干扰，提出了一种基于频域处理的窄带干扰抑制技术。该技术采用了简化的自适应方法估计接收信号中噪声的功率，确定窄带干扰与噪声之间的阂值。通过降低高于阈值的干扰谱线的幅度同时保持这些谱线的相位信息，降低了处理后信号中的干扰能量，使接收信号信噪比大大提高。该窄带干扰抑制算法的复杂度比较小，硬件实现占用的资源较少。     

基于噪声功率估计的抗窄带干扰接收机自适应PN码捕获技术

在存在强窄带干扰条件下,正确实现伪码捕获是抗干扰接收机的关键技术之一。变换域干扰检测与PN码捕获判决都需要估计接收机背景噪声功率,本文在变换域谱线幅度平方服从指数分布假设下,利用中位数估计理论对存在窄带干扰接收信号的背景噪声功率进行估计,实现干扰检测门限和PN码捕获判决门限的自适应设置。仿真结果表明,文中设计的检测装置可实现强窄带干扰、大动态范围接收机PN码的正确捕获。     

基于FPGA的高斯白噪声生成

高斯白噪声生成用于宽带短波信道模拟器系统,利用m序列发生器及查表法实现,采用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）实现噪声生成器的设计,整个噪声生成器由VHDL语言编写,便于修改升级。仿真结果表明,基于FPGA设计实现的高斯白噪声生成器能够满足宽带短波信道模拟器性能指标要求,并且具有灵活性、通用性、修改参数方便等特点,具有很好的实用价值。     

Implementation of a real-time frequency-selective RF channelsimulator using a hybrid DSP-FPGA architecture

A low cost frequency-selective RF channel simulator architecture is explored in this paper. The technique of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) by independent low-pass filtered white Gaussian noise sources forms a rational function approximation (RFA) to the desired Doppler spectrum for flat Rayleigh fading. To simulate frequency-selective fading, this QAM/RFA architecture may be extended by combining delayed outputs from multiple flat fading generators. In this paper, the noise shaping filter considered is in the form of an infinite-impulse-response digital filter followed by an interpolator (upsampler) using linear interpolation. The performance requirements are those in the standard channel simulator section of TIA IS-55-A. The system is implemented almost entirely in the digital domain by use of IF sampling, with the signal processing performed in a high-end floating-point digital signal processor and a field-programmable gate array. The theoretical performance of the simulator is studied with respect to the TIA standard, and limitations of the hardware prototype are identified. A system capable of simulating 12 delay taps, with a processing bandwidth of 5 MHz, can be built at about one-tenth the cost of commercially available channel simulators of comparable performance