放大转发中的最优功率分配与最佳中继选择

用最优功率分配与最佳中继选择相结合的方法实现了放大转发系统的误比特率最小化。为了使单中继非协作放大转发系统的误比特率最小,通过分析媒体接入控制(MAC)层的请求发送/允许发送(RTS/CTS)信息,获得候选中继前向信道和后向信道的增益,以信道增益为变量,得到最佳功率分配的闭合表达式。同时,以误比特率作为中继选择准则,实现分布式最佳中继选择。仿真结果表明,与同类算法相比,该功率分配与中继选择策略使系统的误比特率达到最小。     

认知网络能效性协作功率分配算法

当前认知无线电(cognitive radio,CR)协作策略的目的主要是为了提高认知系统的容量、中断概率或带宽利用率,而对于能量有限认知网络,如传感器网络,协作传输减少传输能量消耗和延长网络生命周期才是最关键的问题.协作提高CR系统能效性策略和现在的研究相比,中继节点选择及功率分配有所不同.本文提出了一种基于共存式频谱共享情况下的CR协作功率分配策略,目的是最小化CR系统的能量消耗.     

频率选择性信道下基于虚拟MIMO-STBC的无线传感器网络中功率分配的研究

结合频域均衡(FDE)研究了在频率选择性衰落信道下基于虚拟 MIMO-STBC 的无线传感器网络的功率分配(PA)方案.利用从目标簇反馈回信源簇的信道状态信息,在协同传输节点总发送功率一定的情况下,通过最大化信宿节点接收到数据的信噪比推导出了一种基于滤波器组频域加权的 PA 方案.仿真结果表明,在系统一定的误码率要求下,采用这种 PA 方案的无线传感器网络所需要的发射功率要少于等 PA 方案所需要的发射功率,从而减少了无线传感器网络的能耗.     

过时信道状态下译码转发中继选择的优化

针对实际通信系统中反馈延迟这一非理想因素,进行了译码转发方式下的中继选择优化研究。针对机会中继选择(ORS)通过选择合适的协作节点参与协作来减少系统功耗和降低成本,但反馈延迟会影响最佳协作中继的选择从而导致协作通信系统性能变差的情况,提出了一种在过时信道下优化机会中继选择方法,以选出最佳中继节点参与协作过程。仿真结果表明,优化机会中继选择降低了译码转发方式下协作通信系统的平均误码率,改善了系统的信道容量,提高整个通信系统性能。     

无线中继网络系统容量最大化中继选择机制

分析了基于用户频谱效率的中继选择算法的不足,基于最大流最小割定理,给出了系统容量最优化问题模型,分析了两跳中继网络接入链路和中继链路对系统容量的不同影响.基于链路权重因子,提出一种基于系统容量最大化的中继选择算法.对不同中继选择算法下的系统容量差异的理论与仿真分析结果表明,提出的系统容量最大化中继选择算法可以获得更优的系统容量性能,并对网络拓扑和节点个数具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于FDMA系统的两跳中继网络的资源分配

首先介绍了一种可用于两跳中继网络的时分模式帧结构,然后基于该帧结构提出了一种资源分配算法.该算法包括两个步骤:第一个步骤是第一个时隙上的动态资源分配,第二个步骤是基站与中继站之间的最优化功率分配.两跳中继网络中下行存在三种链路:"基站-中继"链路、"基站-用户"链路和"中继-用户"链路,在系统资源有限的条件下,通过所提算法为这三种链路分配相应的带宽和功率,可以使得系统的吞吐量最大.仿真结果表明所提算法能够有效地提高系统的吞吐量.     

窃听场景下的无线传感网络中继功率分配算法

多窃听与多中继下的信息安全率研究为无线传感器网络的研究热点。针对信道状态已知条件下传统中继功率固定分配算法的信息安全率较低的问题,提出一种中继功率优化分配算法,以最大信息安全率为目标函数,以中继功率为约束条件,采用变量松弛技术和Charnes-Cooper变换将非凸目标函数转化为凸形式,进而利用一维搜索方法找到最优功率分配权值。仿真结果表明了本文算法的有效性。     

水声通信系统中分布式空时分组码的研究

协作传输可以获得无线信道内在的空间分集,有效改善通信系统的性能,增加通信系统的覆盖范围。对水声通信系统中两中继节点协作的译码转发方案进行了研究,提出了基于译码转发协议(DF)的分布式空时分组扩频编码(DSTBSC)方案,该方案可以克服多径衰落对分布式空时分组码(DSTBC)信号正交性的影响。给出了DSTBSC方案的系统模型,着重分析了在采用两中继译码转发时,中继节点的误码对水声通信系统性能的影响。在接收端不考虑信号冲突的情况进行仿真,结果表明,与直接传输方案相比,采用两中继节点、译码转发的DSTBSC方案,在两中继节点处均无误码和一个中继有误码时在相同的比特误码率(BER)条件下均可获得约4dB的分集增益,增加了传输距离。     

无线传感器网络中基于尺度的协 同中继跨层QoS路由算法

提出了一种基于尺度的协同中继自主转发跨层QoS路由算法(MCRICQR).节点根据能量、信道、拥塞以及与汇点的距离等综合因素形成一个选择度量,度量最大的节点根据自己所处状态自主选择直接转发、中继转发以及跃进转发数据包.仿真结果表明,该算法能根据网络状况及时转发数据,提高网络可靠性,对网络负载进行均衡,提高网络吞吐量和能量效率,从而延长网络寿命,保障了无线传感器网络的QoS需求.     

基于公共DF中继的认知无线电中继选择和功率分配

为提高认知无线电网络中主用户和次用户的通信质量,并可简单有效地利用中继节点来控制主用户和次用户之间的相互干扰,提出了一种基于公共中继的最佳中继选择和功率分配方案.首先,在认知无线电网络中建立了基于公共DF中继的无线通信模型;然后,根据无线通信理论推导出要优化的目标函数;最后,在保证主用户中断概率低于目标值的前提下,利用凸优化理论得出了模型中的最佳中继选择和功率分配方案.仿真实验结果表明,与常见的直接传输方案和功率平均分配的中继方案相比,本文提出的中继选择和功率分配方案提高了次用户的通信距离和速率,并且降低了主用户的中断概率,为更好地解决认知无线电网络中主用户和次用户的相互干扰问题提供了新的思路.     

Joint power allocation and relay positioning in multi-relay cooperative systems

The authors consider a dual-hop multi-relay cooperative relay system in this study. Both decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) protocols are considered. Under different relay selection strategies, the authors derive closed-form outage probability expressions. With the second-order channel statistics, the authors propose to jointly optimise power allocation (PA) and relay positions in order to minimise the system outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive allocation algorithms significantly outperform fixed allocation algorithms. With the proposed joint optimisation algorithm, AF relaying outperforms DF relaying when multiple relays are selected to help. When only the best relay is selected to help, DF relaying is shown to have better performance.     

Social-Aware Based Secure Relay Selection in Relay-Assisted D2D Communications

Relay-assisted transmission could effectively enhance the performance of Device-to-Device (D2D) communications when D2D user equipments (UEs) are too far away from each other or the quality of D2D channel is not good enough for direct communications. Meanwhile, security is one of the major concerns for proximity services. The secure relay selection problem for D2D communications underlaying cellular network is studied in this paper. Firstly, we define a relay selection area and derive the closed-form of outage probability in D2D links using a Poisson Point Process (PPP) method. Next, in the defined relay selection area, we propose a secure relay selection scheme for the relay-assisted D2D communication system by exploiting the social relation as a security factor. Simulation results show that the scheme based on social relation can greatly improve the security performance of relay-assisted D2D communications.     

Packet error rate analysis of decode-and-forward free-space optical cooperative networks in the presence of random link blockage

This paper analyses end-to-end packet error rate (PER) of a free-space optical decode-and-forward cooperative network over a gamma–gamma atmospheric turbulence channel in the presence of temporary random link blockage. Closed-form analytical expressions for PER are derived for the cases with and without transmission links being prone to blockage. Two cooperation protocols (denoted as ‘selfish’ and ‘pilot-adaptive’) are presented and compared, where the latter accounts for the presence of blockage and adapts transmission power. The influence of scintillation, link distance, average transmitted signal power, network topology and probability of an uplink and/or internode link being blocked are discussed when the destination applies equal gain combining. The results show that link blockage caused by obstacles can degrade system performance, causing an unavoidable PER floor. The implementation of the pilot-adaptive protocol improves performance when compared to the selfish protocol, diminishing internode link blockage and lowering the PER floor, especially for larger networks.     

Contract negotiation and risk preferences in dual-channel supply chain coordination

This study employs profit-sharing contracts to coordinate dual-channel supply chains and examines the selection of profit-sharing parameters and the allocation of extra system profit gained from coordination. We characterise the Pareto-optimal contracts for the two- and three-stage dual-channel supply chains, by developing and maximising system utility function related to risk preferences and negotiating power. Under the optimal profit-sharing parameter in a two-stage supply chain, both members are reluctant to cooperate; however, in a three-stage supply chain, under the optimal two profit-sharing parameters selected by optimising the system utility function, the retailer is always reluctant to cooperate, but the distributor or the supplier may have incentives to deviate from cooperation. In this case, the distributor and the supplier will negotiate again as in a two-stage supply chain so that all three members can benefit from coordination with profit-sharing contracts. Besides acting independently, the distributor, in the process of contract negotiation, may choose to form an alliance with the upstream supplier or the downstream retailer, which means the relationship among the three members involving profit allocation after coordination is quite different from that for a two-stage supply chain and is not necessarily interest-contrary. In the contract negotiation, in any kind of scenario, risk aversion and negotiation power have a significant impact on the selection of optimal profit-sharing parameters and the allocation of extra system profit. One member’s risk aversion or its negotiation power may be advantageous to the other. Mathematical examples are illustrated to clarify the contract negotiation process.     

基于最大化信干噪比的广播信道干扰消除算法

研究了广播信道分布式干扰消除算法的性能,提出了一种基于动态功率分配的多天线广播干扰信道对齐算法.该算法利用多用户多天线干扰信道相关矩阵的迹来计算分配功率,并采用最大化码流信干噪比的方法来得到预编码矩阵和接收滤波器矩阵.数值仿真表明,该动态功率分配算法与等功率分配算法相比,尽管低负荷下干扰对齐后的平均信干噪比增益不明显,但中、高负荷下其干扰对齐后的平均信干噪比大幅提高,特别是高负荷下可以解决等功率方法存在的信干噪比瓶颈效应.由于低负荷的应用需求并不强烈,因而该算法是一种实用的广播信道干扰消除方法.     

On subchannel inversion for improvement of power efficiency in OFDM-based systems

The problem of power loading in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based systems that provides minimization of the bit-error rate (BER) performance under a fixed transmit power (or equivalently minimisation of the transmit power under a fixed value of the BER) is addressed in this work. A lemma about inversion of subchannel power gains is proved and examples that exhibit its utility are presented. As a result, a non-iterative adaptive power allocation technique is derived. The algorithm combines the recently proposed ordered subcarrier selection method with 'subchannel inversion'. Compared with the original technique, such a combination provides a power gain that depends on the channel statistics.     

Performance Analysis of Relay Based NOMA Cooperative Transmission under Cognitive Radio Network

This paper proposes a hybrid spectrum accessing mechanism by using NOMA-based cooperative transmission and beam-forming technology. In this mechanism, the secondary user employs spectrum-sensing technology to detect the existence of the primary user. If the primary user does not exist, the secondary source user directly transmits data to the destination user. If the primary user exists, the secondary source user finds the optimal relay according to certain selection principle before transmitting data to the destination user through the chosen relay node. For the signal receiving stage, the secondary user takes use of beam-forming technology to receive the signal from both the secondary source and the secondary relay node. Meanwhile the interference from the primary user is cancelled out in the stage. Furthermore, the outage probability for secondary user in the proposed mechanism is theoretically derived. Finally, the simulation results show that compared with the traditional mechanism, the proposed system model can not only guarantee the continuity of secondary transmission, but also significantly reduce the outage probability of secondary transmission.     

OFDM水声通信下行非正交多址接入功率分配方法研究

针对基于功率域非正交多址接入（Power Domain Non-orthogonal Multiple Accesses,PD-NOMA）的正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）水声下行通信系统的功率分配问题,提出了一种基于中断概率的功率分配方法。用户节点在系统初始化阶段根据源节点广播的组网数据包获取水声信道的统计特征,源节点根据水下用户反馈的信道特征参数建立水下用户的中断概率模型,以最小化两用户的中断概率和为目标建立目标函数,在中断概率区域边界上遍历搜索最优的功率分配系数。仿真结果表明,该方法在保证公平性的条件下,有效降低了用户节点的中断概率,提高了系统的频谱利用率和误码性能。