钠床—电渗析—混床制取纯水

本文对钠离子交换单床—电渗析—阴阳离子交换混合床(钠床—电渗析—混床)组合工艺制水流程和技术经济比较进行了阐述。该工艺运行安全可靠,出水水质稳定,而且制水成本较低,比单一的离子交换工艺,降低33％,节省酸碱78％。文中还介绍了结构新颖、操作简便,可在体内分层反洗树脂的新型钠离子交换器的应用效果。     

钠型离子交换器的防腐

钠型离子交换器的防腐山东水利专科学校谢协忠泰安市锅炉化学水处理站程同兴在低压锅炉水处理中，广泛使用钠型离子交换器制取软化水。钠离于交换器是防止锅炉结垢、提高锅炉使用效率、延长锅炉使用寿命和保证锅炉安全经济运行的主要设备。离子交换器运行有固定床、连续床...     

串联混床制备脱盐水系统在工业化生产中的尝试

火力发电,化工、电子、医药、原子能等工业用水,在深度脱盐时(这里指电导率≤1μs/cm),通常采用阳,阴单床与混合床组合的离子交换系统。混床一般被用作脱盐的“精加工”工序。用无前置交换器的混床     

发电机内冷水加碱化剂与小混床联合处理的调节因子探索

通过加氢氧化钠碱化剂法联合内冷水小混床处理方式来调节内冷水pH值,控制内冷水体系腐蚀。如若能够将离子交换器流量稳定在一个固定值,以电导率计值转换为4~20m A电信号传回计量泵,调节计量泵频率,可以控制内冷水电导率0.4~2.0μs/cm、pH值(8.0~9.0),还能保证铜含量≤20μg/L,那样就大大减小了值班员的劳动强度。     

离子交换树脂再生效果的影响因素探讨

川化股份有限公司化肥厂一化合成系统所用脱盐水采用阴阳离子混合床交换制水,其优点是出水水质好且稳定,混床间断运行时对出水水质影响小,交换终点明显,装置集中、便于管理。混合床离子交换工艺是把阴、阳、惰性树脂按一定比例装填在同一个交换器内,被处理水经过混合离子床时,     

定冷水小分床处理工艺再生探索

发电机定冷水水质与发电机的对地绝缘性能和铜线棒的腐蚀速率密切相关,定冷水处理工艺的优劣直接影响机组的运行安全。随着《大型发电机内冷却水质及系统技术要求(DL/T801-2010)》在2011年5月发布和执行,对大型机组发电机定冷水系统非密闭运行时的定冷水水质提出了更高的要求,pH值8.0～9.0,电导率0. 4～2. 0μS/cm (2 5℃),铜离子浓度低于2 0μg/L。采用小分床处理工艺SZSY-3发电机定冷水处理装置能满足大型机组pH值8.0～8.9,电导率0.4～2.0μS/cm(25℃),铜离子浓度低于20μg/L。而定冷水小分床再生装置可对小分床内树脂进行体外再生,从而实现树脂的重复利用,提高小分床的使用寿命。     

发电机内冷水中pH对铜沉淀影响研究

计算发电机碱性水化学工况运行过程中,不同pH条件下铜离子的形态,并通过实验研究pH值与生成沉淀物的关系,采用SEM-EDS和XPS对滤膜截留沉淀物进行分析。结果表明,当pH8.0时,溶液中以CuO沉淀为主。由于内冷水中铜多以氧化物形式存在,采样后测得的铜离子含量不能完全代表空芯铜导线的腐蚀情况,需核算过滤器、离子交换器及反冲洗时内冷水中铜离子含量。     

发电机内冷水中pH对铜沉淀影响研究

计算发电机碱性水化学工况运行过程中,不同pH条件下铜离子的形态,并通过实验研究pH值与生成沉淀物的关系,采用SEM-EDS和XPS对滤膜截留沉淀物进行分析。结果表明,当pH>8.0时,溶液中以CuO沉淀为主。由于内冷水中铜多以氧化物形式存在,采样后测得的铜离子含量不能完全代表空芯铜导线的腐蚀情况,需核算过滤器、离子交换器及反冲洗时内冷水中铜离子含量。     

铵型小混床用于发电机定冷水处理

大型发电机定冷水水质控制主要参考3个指标:电导率、pH和铜含量。pH降低,空芯铜导线容易受到腐蚀,引起铜含量增大和电导率升高,因此控制定冷水pH在合理范围并采取有效的除盐措施是定冷水处理的实施要点。阐述了国内发电机定冷水处理的现状和不足,分析了空芯铜导线腐蚀的原理,提出铵型小混床与H/OH型小混床联合处理发电机定冷水工艺,并对可能存在的问题提出相应对策。     

煤气化蒸汽冷凝液回收工程设计及运行总结

对国内蒸汽冷凝液回收和水处理工艺流程进行比较，分析各类离子交换器工作原理和工艺特征，结合煤气化空分装置工艺特征和蒸汽冷凝液水质状况，设计单室浮动床阳床、单室浮动床阴床、混床冷凝液回收工艺。工程投用后，运行稳定，经济技术指标良好。     

弱酸树脂处理"负硬水"

用H 柱-脱气塔-Na 柱串联工艺处理"负硬水".H 柱浮动床,Na 柱固定床,均采用弱酸性阳离子交换树脂110.处理后的水在满足硬度要求的同时,碱度＜1.0 mmol/L,出水体积可高达H 交换柱树脂体积的260倍以上.运行结果表明,工艺具有操作简便、出水稳定、水质良好等优点,是处理"负硬水"非常好的方法.     

软化水硬度实时监测钠离子交换器的设计

钠离子交换器调节松床、再生、清洗等步骤的运行时间需要依据其所产水的硬度指标,而目前对水质硬度的检测大多采用人工完成,不仅操作繁琐,而且不能实时监测软化水的硬度指标。为解决这一问题,以微控制器STM32F103RB为核心,通过专门设计的检测容器中的钙离子选择性电极对交换器的出水硬度进行实时监测,根据检测到的硬度指标自动调整各步骤的运行时间,达到降低成本、提高效率的目的。     

Ion exchange adsorption in countercurrent perforated-plate columns

Numerical and analytical approaches are used to develop a mathematical model for the ion exchange in a column with a fluidized ion exchanger bed sectioned by perforated plates. The model is tested for adequacy using the ion exchange adsorption of copper ions on a Lewatit S100 cation exchanger (Germany) and nickel ions on a KU-2-8 cation exchanger in countercurrent perforated-plate columns.     

离子交换树脂的绿色再生工艺

在直流电场作用下，利用水代替酸碱作为再生剂再生失效离子交换树脂的体外电再生工艺，使离子交换水处理变为一种绿色环保水处理技术。从混床树脂和复床树脂再生两个方面，分别简述树脂电再生的原理及7次试验研究结果。另外，从资源消耗、对环境的影响、经济效益和管理操作等方面，进行了树脂电再生法与化学再生法的对比评价，离子交换树脂绿色再生工艺将成为绿色化学中新的领域。     

发电厂锅炉补给水系统逆流再生离子交换设备的特点与应用

在电力生产过程中,水处理系统至关重要,离子交换器是比较经典的水处理设备。论文就离子交换器中的逆流再生固定床在设计、运行中常见的问题提出了相应的应对方法,希望有益于电厂化学制水系统的安全经济运行。     

复床离子交换树脂的电再生技术

在简述混床离子交换树脂电再生技术的基础上,着重讨论复床离子交换树脂的电再生技术的特点、原理和试验研究结果及电再生器的结构。作者所发明的复床树脂电再生器,可同时实现复床中失效阳床和阴床树脂分别再生,再生效果很好;运行不消耗酸碱化学药剂,无废物排放,不污染水体和环境;只消耗少量电能和纯水,经济效益极好;操作简单,使用方便。     

Continuous ion exchange using magnetic shell resins. I. Dealkalisation—laboratory scale

A completely novel technique of continuous ion exchange has been developed, which uses ion exchangers prepared by grafting an active shell onto a magnetic polymeric core. In the magnetised form, the ion exchange resin beads clump together in the form of large flocs, with sedimentation velocities many times those of the individual beads. Small beads may then be used in fluidised or semi-fluidised beds, at liquid flow rates equal to or greater than conventional ion exchange systems, but with the advantage of rapid reaction rates and attainment of equilibrium. A major practical advantage is that even as a settled bed the magnetised ion exchange resin remains semifluid, and can be pumped with practically no attrition. Utilising these properties, a truly continuous ion exchange system has been built for the process of dealkalisation, comprising a single stage fluidised adsorber and a compact moving bed regenerator which develops multistage contact. Transfer of ion exchanger between each vessel is effected by means of two peristaltic pumps. This paper summarises the results obtained in a laboratory sized apparatus, treating a hard, alkaline water at a superficial velocity of 30 m h^?1, and demonstrates the potential for a system utilising a fraction of the volume of ion exchange resin employed in a conventional system, in a simple robust plant with no valves, no screens, no pressure vessels and only one electrical level control.     

Purification of glycerol/water solutions from biodiesel synthesis by ion exchange: sodium and chloride removal. Part II

BACKGROUND: Equilibrium studies were carried out with the aim of finding the basic design parameters for ion exchange plants using a glycerol phase obtained from biodiesel production. The uptake of sodium and potassium ions on a strongly acidic ion exchanger, Amberlite IR‐120, in the proton form from glycerol/water mixtures has been studied. The effect on the selectivity towards sodium of the percentage of water in glycerine/water mixtures on the macroporous resin Amberlite 252 has been analyzed. Finally, chloride removal by a strongly basic anionic‐exchange resin Amberlite IRA‐420 at three different temperatures has been studied. RESULTS: The strongly acidic ion exchanger Amberlite IR‐120 exhibits higher selectivity for potassium versus sodium ions. The ideal mass action law model was able to fit the experimental equilibrium data. The equilibrium data obtained at different percentages of water in the glycerine/water mixture indicate that as the water content increased the resin selectivity for sodium uptake is reduced. The selectivity of the anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA‐420 for chloride ions decreases with temperature. The ideal mass action law was accurate enough to fit the equilibrium data of the three systems and allowed the equilibrium thermodynamic properties to be obtained. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that macroporous resin Amberlite 252 could be a good choice to remove sodium ions from glycerol/water solutions with a high salt concentration and also that a strongly basic anionic‐exchange resin could be used for chloride removal. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

SEPARATION OF CESIUM FROM NUCLEAR WASTE SOLUTIONS WITH HEXACYANOFERRATE(II)S AND AMMONIUM PHOSPHOMOLYBDATE

ABSTRACT The separation of 134, 137 Cs from nuclear power plant low-level waste solutions by ion exchange with potassium cobalt hexacyano-ferrate(II), potassium copper cobalt hexacyanoferrate(II) and ammonium phosphomolybdate was studied. The pH of the waste solutions was 6-13 and the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions were 8 - 2700 and 0.5 - 240 mmol/1, respectively. The distribution coefficient of cesium was determined as a function of pH, sodium and potassium ion concentrations and of the ratio of solution volume to exchanger weight (batch factor). The ion exchange rate of cesium was determined for three exchanger grain sizes and at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60° C. A potassium copper cobalt hexacyanoferrate(II) column was tested for cesium separation from a highly alkaline (pH 13) waste solution containing high concentrations of sodium (2.7 M) and potassium (0.24 M) ions; the 1% breakthrough capacity was very high, 12800 bed volumes.     

喷水织造废水的中水回用工程案例

介绍了喷水织造废水的中水回用工程,该工程采用了絮凝气浮+深层过滤+钠离子交换+电渗析为主体的工艺,阐述了各处理阶段的设计、运行参数和经济技术指标等,设计处理规模为3 000 m3/d。实践证明,喷水织造废水经过该工艺处理后,出水COD≤30 mg/L、硬度≤60 mg/L、电导率≤850μS/cm,可以满足喷水织机的用水要求。该工程可为大型喷水织造企业回用污水厂的设计、建造和运行提供参考。