40Cr钢螺栓断裂失效原因分析

针对某厂水处理站服役4年便发生早期断裂失效的40Cr螺栓,采用化学成分分析、力学性能检测、扫描电镜以及光学显微镜等方法对其断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,断裂起源于第二道螺纹根部,该处存在多道次焊接是引起疲劳断裂的诱因;轴的心部组织是珠光体+网状铁素体,属未经调质处理的原材料组织,其力学性能和疲劳强度不能满足使用要求;疲劳源处发现硬脆相马氏体组织,与轴在运转过程中不同心(偏心)产生交变应力的共同作用下使裂纹快速扩展直至断裂。     

塔吊标准节固定螺栓断裂失效分析

为查明某QTZ63塔吊的标准节固定螺栓的断裂原因,采用了扫描电镜、金相检验、显微硬度等检测手段及化学成分分析。结果表明,螺栓力学性能、化学成分均符合标准要求;螺栓断口存在大面积贝纹线,其断裂性质是疲劳。螺栓表面存在深度0.18mm的脱碳层,降低了其疲劳强度;此外,由于安装不规范、缺乏维护而引起的松动也是诱发螺栓疲劳断裂的原因。     

72A硬线钢拉拔横向断裂原因分析

用金相显微镜和显微硬度计分别观察和测量了拉拔过程中发生横向断裂的72A硬线钢组织与硬度。在钢丝断口处存在尺寸较大的卷渣缺陷；钢丝表层存在硬度高于正常索氏体组织的非索氏体组织；并在钢丝中观察到沿索氏体分布的魏氏铁素体组织。这些组织和缺陷引起应力集中、并使钢丝表层与心部的拉拔变形严重不一致而导致钢丝发生横向断裂。     

1200t冷剪曲轴压盖螺栓断裂分析

通过对螺栓断口形貌、硬度测试及金相组织等进行分析,表明作为重要受力螺栓,其加工形式不恰当,使螺栓表面存在环向刀痕及微小缺陷,引起应力集中是导致螺栓疲劳断裂的主要原因;另外热处理工艺不当使螺栓表层脱碳,降低抗疲劳性能也是螺栓疲劳断裂的原因之一。     

U型螺栓断裂原因分析

运用扫描电镜、金相显微镜和直读光谱仪对42Cr Mo钢制U型螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析,同时,进行了拉拔模拟试验。实验表明:由于42Cr Mo钢热轧状态心部往往存在马氏体组织,在不经过退火的情况下直接酸洗后拉拔加工,心部易出现横向裂纹,后续加工时裂纹进一步扩展,易导致螺栓发生断裂。     

带钢轧机大型同步电机转子螺栓断裂原因分析

大型同步电机转子螺栓螺帽处断裂导致电机内部扫堂短路接地,通过对电机运行温度、轧钢工艺及电机螺栓质量等方向进行分析。发现电机转子螺栓存在质量问题,转子的运行环境、调速控制方式等多种因素构成了螺栓寿命降低及断裂的其他原因。同时介绍了防止螺栓断裂因素的预防及设备管理的措施。     

行车减速机传动轴断裂的失效分析

采用断口宏观分析、化学成分检测、力学性能分析和金相分析等方法对行车减速机传动轴断裂样品进行伞面分析.分析结果表明:减速机材质为45钢,金相组织为铁素体+索氏体,力学性能指标符合45钢正火状态的性能,键槽端部圆弧半径太小容易引起应力集中,当运行载荷较高时,键槽根部超过了疲劳极限,引起疲劳断裂.     

40Cr螺栓断裂原因分析

采用光电直读光谱仪、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对材质为40Cr的螺栓断裂试样进行了宏观和微观形貌及化学成分分析。结果表明,该螺栓断裂为应力疲劳断裂,导致断裂的主要原因是其表面脱碳以及螺栓的松动。     

高强抗震钢筋原位拉伸的微观组织变形机理

为研究不同组织对高强度抗震钢筋性能的影响,得到其微观组织变形行为的规律,针对3种不同组织特征的500MPa级高强度抗震钢筋,其组织分别为铁素体和珠光体、铁素体和珠光体以及少量贝氏体、铁素体和少量珠光体以及大量贝氏体为主,利用原位拉伸仪观察、研究多相微观组织变形行为以及多相组织协调变形机理以及断裂机制。结果表明,铁素体和珠光体为主的试验钢,铁素体和珠光体变形明显,其中铁素体优先变形,但由于贝氏体硬质相对珠光体的阻碍作用,变形不明显,随着变形量的增加,最后导致珠光体的断裂。以铁素体和珠光体以及少量贝氏体为主的试验钢,贝氏体在初期基本不变形,而后对铁素体和珠光体的变形产生阻碍运动,仅发生一定程度的改变。以铁素体和少量珠光体以及大量贝氏体为主的试验钢,变形初期以铁素体变形为主,珠光体因其含量非常低,变形不明显。随变形量的增加,贝氏体的变形越发明显,到一定程度后促使珠光体开始变形,并最后断裂。     

减速机齿轮断裂分析研究

硬齿面精轧多级减速机累计使用5个月后发生断裂.采用光学金相及扫描电镜进行分析,结果表明,第一级减速机齿轮由于设计、安装不当,工作时应力过大造成齿面金属剥落,最终引起轮齿接触疲劳断裂;第三级减速机齿轮由于中频处理时,将整个齿淬透,而轮齿根部粗大的锻后组织没有得到改善和消除,铁素体沿奥氏体晶界分布进一步降低了齿轮的抗弯曲疲劳强度,随着交变循环应力的作用,致使齿轮早期沿根部发生疲劳折断.     

22Si2MnCrNi2MoA钎杆断裂失效分析

运用金相观察、扫描电镜观察和能谱定量分析等实验手段,从组织状态、夹杂物、断口形貌等方面分析了22Si2MnCrNi2MoA钎杆内螺纹处断裂原因,同时对其疲劳裂纹起源和扩展进行了探讨.22Si2MnCrNi2MoA钎杆内螺纹处断裂破坏并不是由组织异常和夹杂物引起的,而是由于22Si2MnCrNi2MoA钎杆存在明显的壁厚不均,在高频应力、严重的内外耗同时存在的应力状态下持续工作,壁厚较薄处极易成为受力薄弱区,疲劳裂纹更倾向于在此处优先形成,从而致使壁厚较薄处优先断裂,最终导致钎杆断裂失效.该钎杆疲劳破坏起源于内表面,属于多源的疲劳断裂.起源区微观形貌为韧窝形貌,扩展区的微观形貌为韧窝和沿晶的混合形貌.      

一种新型胀断连杆用中碳非调质钢

 采用降低铁素体相韧性、提高铁素体相硬度及适当脆化原奥氏体晶界的方法,开发出一种新型胀断连杆用铁素体-珠光体型中碳非调质钢,从钢种设计、微观组织、力学性能及胀断特征等方面对此钢种进行了介绍。硅和磷元素的铁素体固溶强化作用及钒元素析出强化和组织细化作用,使得开发钢不仅具有较高的强度水平和屈强比,同时具有远高于传统的胀断连杆用高碳钢C70S6的优异高周疲劳性能。此外,模拟胀断试验结果表明,开发钢的断口呈典型脆性解理断裂,胀断前后的变形量很小,具有优于C70S6钢的胀断性能,可采用胀断工艺制造连杆。     

灰铸铁缸体断裂失效分析

通过对灰铸铁缸体断口处化学成分、金相组织、断裂腐蚀产物等因素进行分析,得出机体材料组织状态、螺纹加工状态不良是造成机件发生早期疲劳断裂的因素之一。而且由于结构设计原因,安装过程可能在断面局部形成较大的拉应力,也是造成机件发生早期疲劳断裂的重要因素。     

PD3钢轨钢接触疲劳变形组织的TEM观察

在透射电镜下观察接触疲劳失效后不同状态的ＰＤ３钢轨钢的变形组织。结果表明，接触疲劳变形组织的主要特点是：珠光体片层间距减小，珠光体团被剪切分割成亚团，先析铁素体内形成位错胞结构；铁素体／渗碳体界面上存在高的位错密度；珠光体中渗碳体片发生变形与断裂。同时对珠光体片层间距与变形组织的关系进行了分析讨论。     

The effect of phase continuity on the fatigue and crack closure behavior of a dual-phase steel

The effect of phase continuity on the low cycle fatigue and fatigue crack growth behavior of a Fe-C-Mn dual-phase steel has been investigated. Two microstructures, one consisting of continuous ferrite and the other continuous martensite, were examined. Although there was no difference in the low cycle fatigue lives between the two microstructures, the continuous martensite structure exhibited an extremely high fatigue threshold value of 20 MPa m^1/2, compared to 16 MPa m^1/2 for the continuous ferrite microstructure. A major effect of phase continuity has also been found in the crack closure levels during fatigue crack propagation studied over three decades of crack growth rates. The continuous martensite microstructure exhibited much higher closure levels due to the martensite constraining the plastic deformation in the ferrite and bearing a larger portion of the applied cyclic load. This effect is similar to the extrinsic toughening phenomenon cited in the literature. After accounting for the closure levels the intrinsic or effective fatigue crack growth rates are similar for the two microstructures. These intrinsic thresholds are predicted by employing experimentally obtained low cycle fatigue parameters and the ferrite grain size.     

α/γ相比例对HPD-1双相不锈钢疲劳性能的影响

摘要：通过对锻态HPD-1双相不锈钢进行不同温度的固溶处理，获得两相（α、γ）比例呈梯度变化的疲劳试样，在室温环境下测试对应相比例试样的疲劳断裂次数，获得相比例对疲劳性能的影响规律并进行微观分析。结果表明，在梯度范围内，随着α/γ比例提高，疲劳性能持续增强。对疲劳试样进行SEM、EDS与TEM分析得知，塑性变形主要发生在奥氏体内，位错以平面滑移型为主在奥氏体中大量增殖发展并在相界处塞积，铁素体内基本无位错发展，微裂纹形核于奥氏体区域并沿相界向外拓展，导致疲劳断裂。     

High cycle fatigue behavior of DP980 steel and DP980 steel laser welded joints

For the study of the DP980 steel high cycle fatigue property, high fatigue tests of DP980 steel and DP980 steel laser welded joints were carried out with fatigue testing machine, the Basquin equation was concluded. Microstructures and fractures were analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that DP980 steel laser welding joints have the weld concavity at the welding root and top, the quality of welded joints is medium. The fatigue limit of DP980 steel is 341MPa, the fatigue limit of DP980 steel laser welded joint is 148MPa, the fatigue limit decreases by 50% compared with the fatigue limit of the base metal. For DP980 steel, the crystal boundary of the ferrite/martensite is the main location of micro cracks initiation, the fatigue fracture of DP980 steel is the quasi cleavage fracture. For DP980 steel laser welding joints, the fatigue cracks initiation is located in the weld concavity, not in the heat affected zone, the fatigue fracture is cleavage fracture. DP980 steel and DP980 steel laser welding joints crack propagation is characterized by the obviously fatigue striations coupled with secondary cracks.     

DP980钢及DP980钢激光焊接接头的高周疲劳性能

摘要：为了研究DP980钢的高周疲劳性能,采用疲劳试验机对DP980钢和DP980钢激光焊接接头进行高周疲劳试验,得到Basquin方程,并利用光学金相显微镜和扫描电镜进行组织和断口分析。结果表明：DP980钢激光焊接接头的焊缝根部和顶部出现形状凹陷,焊接接头的质量为中等。DP980钢疲劳极限为341MPa,DP980钢激光焊接接头的疲劳极限为148MPa,激光焊接接头的疲劳极限较母材的疲劳极限降低约50%。对于DP980钢而言,铁素体/马氏体晶界是裂纹萌生的主要位置,疲劳断口为准解理断口。对于DP980钢激光焊接接头而言,疲劳裂纹源位于焊缝凹陷处,而非热影响区及母材,疲劳断口为解理断口。DP980钢和DP980钢激光焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展区均有明显的疲劳条带,并伴随有二次裂纹。     

Use of the nanoindentation technique for studying microstructure/crack interactions in the fatigue of 4340 steel

The objectives of this research are to study the influence of microstructure on the fatigue crack growth behavior in 4340 steel and to explore the application of the nanoindentation technique for determining the plastic deformation zone at a fatigue crack tip. Two heat treatment conditions were chosen for the steel: annealed and quenched plus tempered. The annealed steel consists of coarse pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite, while the quenched and tempered steel consists of fine tempered martensite. Fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted on disklike compact (DCT) specimens. Subsequently, the nanoindentation technique was applied to quantitatively determine the plastic deformation zone at fatigue crack tips. The plastic deformation zone size determined by the nanoindentation test seems larger than the cyclic deformation zone calculated using the fracture mechanics equation, which involves many assumptions. The fatigue crack growth test results show that the annealed steel has a higher resistance to crack growth than the quenched and tempered steel. The fatigue crack in the annealed steel tends to grow along pearlite domain boundaries, or the cementite/ferrite interfaces within a pearlite domain. In contrast, the fatigue crack in the quenched and tempered steel tends to traverse the fine martensite laths. Consequently, the actual crack path in the annealed steel is rougher than in the quenched and tempered steel and more secondary cracks are observed in the annealed steel.     

Fatigue and fracture behavior of a fine-grained lamellar TiAl alloy

The fatigue and fracture resistance of a TiAl alloy, Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr, with 0.2 at. pct boron addition was studied by performing tensile, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth tests. The material was heat treated to exhibit a fine-grained, fully lamellar microstructure with approximately 150-μm grain size and 1-μm lamellae spacing. Conventional tensile tests were conducted as a function of temperature to define the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT), while fracture and fatigue tests were performed at 25 °C and 815 °C. Fracture toughness tests were performed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a high-temperature loading stage, as well as using ASTM standard techniques. Fatigue crack growth of large and small cracks was studied in air using conventional methods and by testing inside the SEM. Fatigue and fracture mechanisms in the fine-grained, fully lamellar microstructure were identified and correlated with the corresponding properties. The results showed that the lamellar TiAl alloy exhibited moderate fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance, despite low tensile ductility. The sources of ductility, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance were identified and related to pertinent microstructural variables.