不同终轧压下量下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与力学性能研究

研究了高温轧制、不同压下量(10%～20%)下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织、织构、力学性能与室温成形性能演变。结果表明,对于轧制态板材而言,不同压下量的板材中孪生仍然是主要变形模式,这主要是由终轧道次压下量相对较小,不足以引起动态再结晶但足以引起孪生导致。与终轧压下量10%的板材相比,20%的轧制板材表现出较大的晶粒尺寸和较弱的基面织构强度。退火后,板材表现出基轴向RD方向偏转±9.6°～±12°的双峰织构特征。与轧制态相比,退火态的基面织构显著弱化,这主要是由于板材在退火过程中的静态再结晶作用。随着终轧压下量由10%增加至20%,退火板材的基面织构显著减弱,使其r值降低、n值增大,从而引起板材室温杯突值由4.3 mm提高为6.3 mm。     

Ca含量对Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca系合金轧制板材组织与性能的影响

研究Ca含量(0.1%,0.5%(质量分数))对Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-Ca合金铸态组织、轧制板材组织、织构与力学性能的影响,以期通过改善合金组织和织构发展高塑性镁合金板材。结果表明:Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.1Ca铸态合金含有细小均匀的第二相,Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.5Ca合金中则存在大块状第二相;二者的轧制板材均呈现非基面织构;轧制板材经过退火处理后发生完全再结晶,板材的塑性可大幅度提高,Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.1Ca合金经300℃退火后,沿横向和轧制方向的伸长率分别可达34.9%和34.1%,且轧制板材沿横向和轧向屈服强度的差异性减小。     

6111铝合金板材加工过程中织构的演变

用取向分布函数法研究了6111铝合金板材生产加工过程中织构的演变,结果表明,热轧后,(-αAl基体表现为较弱的铜型轧制织构,经退火后变为随机织构。将退火板材冷轧成薄板后形成了较强的铜型轧制织构,在随后的固溶处理时发生再结晶,并形成主要由Cube ND15和{011}<111>两个组分构成的再结晶织构。     

大应变交叉轧制对高Mg含量Al-Li合金板材组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用透射电镜观察(TEM)、电子背散射成像技术(EBSD)和X射线衍射技术对比分析喷射成形Al-9.8Mg-1.5Li-0.4Mn合金交叉轧制态板材与挤压态板材的显微组织及织构特征,并测试板材的拉伸性能和深冲性能。结果表明:大压下量交叉轧制能促进动态再结晶的发生、细化晶粒组织以及改善再结晶晶粒的择优取向;与CBA和CCB轧制方式相比,CBB轧制方式显著降低了挤压态合金中典型Brass织构{110}112的取向密度,在β取向线上CBB轧制态板材中Copper织构{112}111和Brass织构{110}112的取向密度均最低,且板材中没有典型的织构特征;同时,CBB轧制态合金板材具有更好的深冲性能,在0°、45°和90°三个方向的力学性能基本一致,其室温拉伸强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为617 MPa、523 MPa和大于20.1%,各方向力学性能偏差小于3%。     

大应变交叉轧制Al-9Mg-1.8Li合金板材的显微组织及织构特征

采用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子背散射成像技术(EBSD)和X射线,对比分析喷射成形Al-9Mg-1.8Li合金交叉轧制态板材与挤压态板材的微结构及织构特征,并测试板材的拉伸性能和深冲性能。结果表明:大变形量交叉轧制促进动态再结晶的发生,细化晶粒组织,改善再结晶晶粒的择优取向;与CBA和CCB轧制方式相比较,CBB轧制方式显著降低挤压态合金中典型的Brass织构{110}?112?的取向密度,在β取向线上CBB轧制态板材中的Copper织构{112}?111?取向密度最低,且板材中没有典型的织构特征;同时,CBB轧制态合金板材的具有更好的深冲性能,在0°、45°和90°方向的力学性能基本一致,其室温拉伸强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别在611 MPa、507 MPa和20.6%以上。     

中间退火对5052铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了中间退火对5052铝合金板材组织与性能的影响。对合金的拉伸性能及显微硬度进行测试,使用扫描电镜(SEM)对合金的断口形貌进行观察,使用金相显微镜及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对合金的显微组织和宏观织构进行分析。结果表明:经过中间退火的5052铝合金板材的屈服强度比直接轧制的低10 MPa左右,晶粒尺寸大约82%。中间退火试样不同方向的断后伸长率差别不大,而直接轧制试样的轧向较45°和90°方向的断后伸长率小9%,具有明显的各向异性。拉伸变形后中间退火试样晶粒沿最大切应力方向呈明显的流变特征,断口处韧窝发达、分布更均匀。中间退火试样的{100}001 Cube织构和{100}011 H织构等再结晶织构更强,而直接轧制试样的B织构{110}112和Goss织构{110}001等轧制织构更强。经中间退火的板材各向异性得到明显改善。     

液氮低温轧制Cu-Ag合金的织构演变和再结晶行为（英文）

对Cu-Ag合金在低温下进行大变形量轧制加工,研究其织构演化特征和力学性能,随后对轧制板材进行热处理,观察其退火行为。结果表明,与常温轧制板所表现的铜型织构不同,低温下轧制板材内的交滑移机制被抑制,而其主要织构特征为黄铜型织构,且板材的抗拉强度和屈服强度均有提高。退火后,低温轧制板内发生原位再结晶,其织构随机分布,而常温轧制板的退火织构主要为立方织构。利用金相和电子背散射衍射手段观察退火前后材料的微观组织,发现低温轧制时板材内动态回复过程被抑制,因而轧制后变形储能较高,退火时,与常温轧制板相比能在较低温度发生再结晶软化行为。     

Zr-sn-Nb新型锆合金板材加工过程中不均匀组织与织构演变

利用XRD,SEM-ECC,TEM和EBSD技术,研究了Zr-Sn-Nb系新型锆合金板材加工过程的微观组织及织构演变.结果表明,β相淬火得到的随机织构经热轧后形成沿横向倾斜的基面织构,随后的加工过程均保留该织构;热轧及两次冷轧后的基面织构都为(1010)方向平行于轧向((1010)∥RD),而退火后转变为(1210)方向平行于轧向((1210)∥RD).淬火形成的网状魏氏组织经热轧转变为不均匀形变组织,两次冷轧使组织的不均匀性更显著,最终退火得到完全再结晶组织;轧制形成的难变形晶粒多为晶粒C轴平行于轧板法向(C∥ND)的取向;最终退火板材的大晶粒多为(1210)∥RD的基面织构,小晶粒则以(1010)∥RD为主.结合锆合金的变形及再结晶机制对轧制时产生的不均匀组织及再结晶过程的织构转变进行了分析.     

不同冷轧路径下ZX21镁合金板材织构及力学性能调控机理

研究轧制路径对ZX21镁合金板材织构分布和屈服各向异性的影响。结果表明:单向轧制板材形变织构为双峰基面织构,退火后呈现出垂直于冷轧方向分布的非基面双峰的织构特征。再结晶织构的分布与晶粒的定向形核和选择性长大有关,多向轧制可弱化晶粒取向分布的方向性,其晶粒尺寸相比单向轧制有所减小,退火后形成均匀分布的圈状织构,大幅降低沿轧面各个方向拉伸时基面滑移的施密特因子差异,改善板面内的力学性能各向异性,提高板材的成型性。     

连续轧制AZ31镁合金板材退火组织织构和力学性能

通过光学显微镜、背散射电子衍射分析(EBSD)和室温拉伸试验研究了多道次连续轧制AZ31镁合金板材经200~400℃不同温度退火1 h后晶粒尺寸和微观织构的演化及其与力学性能的关系。结果表明:轧制板材经250℃×1 h退火后,静态再结晶几乎完成,晶粒细小均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约5.5μm,综合力学性能良好,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到261 MPa和26.7%;当退火温度不高于350℃时,退火态板材基面织构较轧态低且差别较小。随退火温度升高,晶粒缓慢长大,晶界取向角分布由10°和30°双峰连续分布转变为30°单峰连续分布。此时,抗拉强度主要与晶粒尺寸有关。当退火温度达到400℃时,再结晶晶粒发生异常长大,基面织构急剧增强,晶界取向角呈离散分布,导致抗拉强度增加,而伸长率显著降低。     

The Role of Oriented Growth in P Texture Development in Al-Mn-Mg Aluminum Alloy

The deformation and recrystallization textures in straight-rolled and cross-rolled AA 3105 aluminum alloy were investigated by x-ray diffraction to determine the role of oriented growth in the formation of the P recrystallization texture. A very strong P texture was developed in the straight-rolled sheet after recrystallization annealing. In contrast, the cross-rolled sheet did not develop the P texture on annealing even though the cross-rolling (i.e., rolling along the original transverse direction) texture contained more orientations close to the P orientation than the straight-rolling texture. The formation of the P texture in aluminum alloys requires the presence of the C component, since the P orientation has a 31.1°〈122〉 orientation relationship with respect to the C orientation. The recrystallization texture in the cross-rolled sheets was in excellent agreement with the oriented growth theory.     

退火对冷轧Al0.2CoCrFe2Ni高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同温度退火对80%冷轧Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni高熵合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD) 、电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)、微控电子万能试验机分别对合金进行了晶体结构、织构类型和力学性能的表征。结果表明,合金在铸态、轧制态以及退火态都表现为稳定FCC晶体结构。合金铸态下呈现典型的树枝晶组织,经80% 轧制后出现了明显的轧制变形带,在随后的退火过程中发生再结晶,其再结晶晶粒体积分数及其晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高而增加。合金经过80%轧制后主要表现为(111)<112>织构,其织构强度随着退火温度的升高而降低。80%轧制使Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni合金获得较大的抗拉强度(1005 MPa)和较低的塑性(10%), 随着退火温度的提高,合金的强度降低塑性增强,并在700 ℃退火时合金获得最佳的综合力学性能,该过程主要取决于合金中的位错密度、再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸及其再结晶织构的演变。     

Improvement of stretch formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet by high temperature rolling at finishing pass

The effects of increasing rolling temperature from 723 K to 828 K at the last rolling pass on microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and stretch formability of a Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy previously rolled at 723 K were investigated. In the as-rolled condition, the basal texture strengthens slightly with increasing the rolling temperature whereas it weakens more remarkably after static recrystallization during annealing for the sheets rolled at higher temperatures. Only by increasing the rolling temperature from 723 K to 798 K, the Erichsen value is significantly increased from 4.5 to 8.6 due to the weakened texture for the annealed sheets. Further increasing the last rolling temperature does not appear to further improve the stretch formability.     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

Texture and mechanical properties of Al-0.5Mg-1.0Si-0.5Cu alloy sheets manufactured via a cross rolling method

The relationship between the texture and mechanical properties of 6xxx aluminum alloy sheets processed via cross rolling was investigated. The microstructures of the conventional rolled and cross rolled sheets after annealing were analyzed using optical micrographs (OM). The texture distribution across the thickness in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, conventional rolled sheets, and cross rolled sheets both before and after annealing was investigated via X-ray texture measurements. The texture was analyzed in three layers from the surface to the center of the sheet. The β-fiber texture of the conventional rolled sheet was typical of the texture obtained using aluminumoll ring. After annealing, the typical β-fiber orientations were changed to recrystallization textures: cube{001}〈100〉 and normal direction (ND)-rotated cubes. However, the texture of the cross rolled sheet was composed of an asymmetrical, rolling direction (RD)-rotated cubes. After annealing, the asymmetrical orientations in the cross rolled sheet were changed to a randomized texture. The average R-value of the annealed cross rolled sheets was higher than that of the conventional rolled sheets. The limit dome height (LDH) test results demonstrated that cross rolling is effective in improving the formability of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy sheets.     

Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Mg-14Gd-0.5Zr Alloy during Rolling and Annealing under Different Temperatures

Mg alloys containing high rare earth (RE) elements are hard to be rolled due to their low ductility and high strength at low temperatures. Therefore, rolling at high temperatures is necessary for these alloys. In this work, a Mg-14Gd-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy was rolled one pass with 40% reduction at high temperatures over 450 °C. The effects of rolling temperature on the microstructure and dynamic recrystallization behavior were analyzed in detail by the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. The results revealed that the alloy shows good rollability at high temperature due to the activity of non-basal dislocations and twins. However, dynamic recrystallization is difficult to take place because of the easy activation of multi-slip system and thus more accumulated strain energy. However, Gd segregation was observed at the grain boundary and it is inferred that the segregation can partially enhance the dynamic recrystallization ratio. Statically recrystallized grains with large size took place after short-term inter-pass annealing treatment ranging from 450 °C to 500 °C, and formed basal texture. The result suggests that the formation of basal texture during short-term annealing treatment was attributed to the growth of dynamic recrystallized grains caused by weakened Gd segregation.     

涂层导体用Ni9W合金基带再结晶及强立方织构的形成研究

采用X射线四环衍射技术对比分析了通过冷轧和轧制中间热处理制备的2种Ni-9.3at%W(Ni9W)合金基带的轧制织构和再结晶织构,研究了不同Ni9W合金基带在热处理过程中轧制织构向再结晶织构的演变。其次,采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术对以上2种Ni9W合金基带的微观组织和立方织构进行了表征。结果表明,与传统冷轧Ni9W合金基带的轧制织构相比,经轧制中间热处理后其轧制织构中S取向和Copper取向的含量增加、Brass取向的含量减少,使其轧制织构的类型介于Brass型轧制织构与Copper型轧制织构之间。2种Ni9W合金基带经低温回复后,其轧制织构含量均有一定的增加;另外,再结晶过程中轧制织构的含量均迅速降低,但立方取向的含量并没有明显增加,而是出现大量的随机取向,Ni9W的再结晶具有了连续再结晶的特征,这也是导致Ni9W合金基带较难形成立方织构的一个主要原因。虽然经过轧制中间热处理后Ni9W合金基带在初始再结晶完成后并没有形成一定强度的立方织构,但其立方取向的含量仍然能在进一步热处理过程中通过立方取向晶粒的长大而得到加强。最后,采用轧制中间热处理制备的Ni9W合金基带经两步高温热处理后其立方织构的含量达到84.5%(15°)。     

Effect of Zn and Y Additions on Grain Boundary Movement of Mg Binary Alloys During Static Recrystallization

Texture evolution in rolled Mg–1 wt% Zn and Mg–1 wt% Y binary alloys was analyzed by quasi-in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) during static recrystallization. Mg–1 wt% Zn and Mg–1 wt% Y alloys exhibited strong basal texture at the initial recrystallization state. After grain growth annealing, the basal texture component {0001} < $11\overline{2}0$ > was increased in Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy and that of Mg–1 wt% Y alloy was decreased to be a random texture. Zn and Y atoms segregated strongly to the recrystallized grain boundaries in Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy and Mg–1 wt% Y alloy, respectively. Thus, Zn and Y elements facilitated the grain boundary movements along contrary directions during grain growth. In Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy, due to the Zn element segregation on grain boundaries, the grains consisted of a strong texture grew more easily because the grain boundary migration tended to move from the orientation close to normal direction to the orientation near to transverse direction or rolling direction. Therefore, after grain growth, the volume fraction of texture component {0001} < $11\overline{2}0$ > was increased by consuming the neighboring grains, leading to a stronger basal texture. On the contrary, in the Mg–1 wt% Y alloy, the Y element segregation caused the opposite direction of grain boundary migration, resulting in a random texture.     

Annealing behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling

The recrystallization and grain growth behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets with a deformation microstructure, obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling, was investigated at different stages of annealing. The basal texture was significantly weakened as a result of the formation of new grains with a largely altered c-axis orientation relative to the initial basal orientation owing to discontinuous static recrystallization during primary recrystallization. The new grains nucleated mostly at the pre-existing grain boundaries rather than at the intersections of twins or within the twins. Subsequent grain growth led to further progression of the texture weakening accompanied by an enhancement in the basal pole inclination.     

退火温度对轧制变形镁锂合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究冷轧(压下量75%)及150、200、250和300 ℃等温退火1 h后Mg-8Li-1Al-0.5Sn合金的组织演变、力学性能以及变形机理。结果发现,合金伸长率随退火温度升高先增加再降低。退火温度为200 ℃时,合金伸长率达到最佳,为40%,相较冷轧态,强度无弱化表现,为212 MPa,伸长率提高24.4%。合金塑性的提升主要是由于退火促进合金内α相由带条状向竹节状转变,缓解应力集中,同时促进β相发生静态再结晶和晶粒细化。此外,α相轧制织构在退火过程中发生角度偏转,保留了有利于滑移的{1010}晶面织构,也对合金伸长率的提升起到促进作用。