含锌尘泥中锌的浸出行为及动力学

采用单因素浸出试验对含锌尘泥中锌的浸出动力学进行研究,并探讨硫酸浓度、液固比、搅拌速度、反应温度等因素对锌浸出率的影响。结果表明:在硫酸浓度为0.5 mol/L,液固比为6:1(mL:g),搅拌速度为300 r/min,反应时间40 min的条件下,锌的最终浸出率达到96.30%;含锌冶金尘泥在硫酸体系中锌的浸出过程符合n=0.16的Avrami动力学模型,浸出反应表观活化能为10 k J/mol,表明整个浸出过程受边界层扩散控制。采用SEM、XRD及EDS表征含锌尘泥原料以及浸出渣的结构和形貌,结果表明绝大部分锌被浸出,而铁、硅、碳等元素则被留在浸出渣中。     

以废茶叶为还原剂在硫酸溶液中还原浸出氧化锰矿（英文）

采用废茶叶在硫酸溶液中还原浸出加蓬和湘西氧化锰矿石,探索废茶叶用量、硫酸浓度、固液比、浸出温度和反应时间对浸出过程的影响。对加蓬氧化锰矿,优化的浸出条件为:氧化锰矿与废茶叶的质量比10:4、硫酸浓度2.5 mol/L、固液比7.5:1、浸出温度368 K、浸出时间8 h;在此条件下,加蓬氧化锰矿的浸出率几乎达100%。对于湘西氧化锰矿,优化浸出条件为:氧化锰矿与废茶叶的质量比10:1、硫酸浓度1.7 mol/L、液固比7.5:1、温度368 K、浸出时间8 h;在此条件下,锰的浸出率达到99.8%。氧化锰矿的还原浸出过程符合内扩散控制模型,加蓬和湘西氧化锰矿石的还原浸出反应表观活化能分别为38.2 kJ/mol和20.4 kJ/mol。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对浸出前、后的锰渣进行表征。     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣浸取钒

采用硫酸氢氟酸次氯酸钠组合浸出体系浸取钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣中的钒,研究浸出过程中试剂浓度、浸出液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、物料粒度对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:钒的浸出率随试剂浓度、液固比、温度和时间的升高而增大;当矿物粒度小于0.20 mm时,钒浸出率有随矿物粒度变小而减小的趋势。在物料粒度0.15~0.25 mm、初始硫酸浓度150 g/L、初始氢氟酸浓度30 g/L、次氯酸钠加入量为矿量1.5%、矿浆液固比6:1、浸出温度90℃、浸出时间6 h、搅拌速度500 r/min的条件下,钒的浸出率可达85%以上。     

硝/硫混酸浸出铜阳极泥中硒的动力学（英文）

研究在硝/硫混酸体系中浸出铜阳极泥中硒的动力学和影响硒的浸出过程的主要参数。结果表明,硒的浸出速率与搅拌速度无关,而与浸出温度以及硫酸和硝酸的浓度相关。硒的浸出包括两个阶段:在第一阶段,硒的浸出活化能为103.5 k J/mol,硒的浸出主要由化学反应控制,硒的浸出与硫酸浓度无关,而与硝酸浓度相关,其反应级数为0.5613;在第二阶段,硒的浸出活化能为30.6 k J/mol,硒的浸出由扩散和化学反应混合控制。此时,硒的浸出与硝酸的浓度基本无关。     

HNO_3-Al(NO_3)_3络合浸出包头稀土精矿中的氟元素及其络合机理

根据Al3+与F-能形成稳定的络合离子[Al F6]3-,采用HNO3-Al(NO3)3溶液络合浸出包头稀土精矿中的氟元素。讨论HNO3浓度、Al(NO3)3浓度、液固比、搅拌速度、温度和搅拌时间等工艺条件对氟浸出的影响。结果表明:在HNO3浓度为3 mol/L、Al(NO3)3浓度为1.5 mol/L、液固比(mL/g)为30:1、搅拌速度为300 r/min、温度为100℃、搅拌时间为90 min的条件下,稀土精矿中氟浸出率达到97.59%,从而使氟碳铈矿进入溶液中,达到与独居石分离的目的。F-与Al3+的络合机理研究表明:F-与Al3+能形成配位数是1~6的复杂稳定配合物,并随着氟铝比的增大,氯铝配合物向高配位方向移动。     

低品位氧化铜矿氨-硫酸铵体系过硫酸铵氧化浸出

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,研究低品位氧化铜矿在氨-硫酸铵体系氧化浸出工艺。讨论氨/铵离子摩尔比、总氨浓度,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵的浓度,反应温度,液固比,反应时间和搅拌速度等操作条件对铜浸出的影响。结果表明:在92.8%的矿样粒径小于0.045 mm,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵浓度分别为2.4、1.8和0.100 mol/L,浸出时间为90 min,温度为30℃,液固比(mL/g)为5:1,搅拌速度为500 r/min时的优化条件下,低品位铜矿的铜浸出率达87.7%。     

包头稀土精矿的配合浸出及动力学

采用氯化铝盐酸体系配合浸出包头混合稀土精矿,并对浸出过程动力学进行研究,浸出过程主要考察盐酸和氯化铝的浓度、液固比、搅拌速度、温度及反应时间对精矿浸出的影响。结果表明,随着盐酸和氯化铝的浓度和液固比的增大、反应时间的延长和反应温度的升高,精矿的浸出率逐渐增大,得到的优化浸出工艺条件如下:HCl和AlCl3浓度分别为4.0 mol/L和1.5 mol/L,液固比为20 mL/g,搅拌速度为300 r/min,温度为85℃,时间为90 min。SEM-EDS及动力学分析结果表明,精矿浸出过程符合一种受固体颗粒表面的界面交换和固膜扩散混合控制的新缩小核模型,表观活化能为35.3 kJ/mol,阿伦尼乌斯常数k0=419.95,反应级数a,b和c分别为1.265,1.208和1.22,通过计算推导出反应动力学方程。     

硫磷混酸浸出黑钨矿动力学

采用单因素实验法研究了硫磷混酸分解黑钨矿浸出过程中的动力学过程,考察搅拌速度、矿物粒度、反应温度、硫酸浓度和磷酸浓度对黑钨矿浸出速率的影响。结果表明:黑钨矿在该体系中的浸出过程可用Avrami方程描述,其模型特征参数为0.83,反应的表观活化能为67.54 kJ/mol,属化学反应控制,建立硫磷混酸浸出黑钨矿的反应动力学方程。     

高炉尘泥化学除锌

为了降低经物理分选后的高炉精泥中锌的含量,对高炉精泥进行化学浸出除锌研究,考察浸出剂、浸出时间、温度、液固比和搅拌速度等对浸出的影响,并进行理论分析。结果表明：硫酸对锌的浸出率最高,氯化铁次之,氨水最低;在合适的浸出条件下：液固比8-1,温度20℃,硫酸浓度125 g/L,浸出时间35 min和搅拌速度150 r/min,锌浸出率为73.9%,高炉精泥中的锌含量从1.46%降低到0.38%。对硫酸浸出脱锌的动力学和反应机制的研究表明,浸出过程遵从1-2α/3-（1-α）2/3=kt,浸出反应的活化能为8.89 kJ/mol,属于扩散控制过程。     

低品位铂钯精矿的富氧压浸出

对高镁低品位复杂铂钯精矿进行工艺矿物学分析,提出采用硫酸氧压浸出工艺对该精矿中的贱金属铜、镍、铁选择性浸出分离并富集铂钯的处理工艺。考察磨矿粒度、反应温度、时间、初始硫酸浓度、氧压、搅拌速度、木质素磺酸钙用量、液固比对铜、镍、铁浸出率及渣率的影响,确定最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明:当精矿粒度小于43μm占有率为93%、时间3 h、浸出温度150℃、初始硫酸浓度2 mol/L、氧分压0.7 MPa、搅拌速度400 r/min、添加剂木质素磺酸钙用量0.6 g、液固比5:1的最佳工艺条件下,铜浸出率达99.27%、镍浸出率达98.04%、渣率为37%左右,铂钯几乎不被浸出,铂和钯在浸出渣中富集近3倍。     

硝酸溶液中氧化铜矿浸出工艺参数优化及动力学模拟

研究Tunceli孔雀石矿物在硝酸溶液中的溶出行为,以评估各种实验参数的影响.研究为分两个阶段.在第一步中,确定浸出过程的最佳条件,而在第二步中,对该过程进行动力学评估.在优化实验中,以硝酸浓度、温度、搅拌速度和固液比为自变量,采用中心组合设计法(CCD)获得实验数据.确定硝酸浓度、温度、固液比和搅拌速度的最佳值分别为...     

湿法炼锌净化渣酸浸的动力学

对湿法炼锌净化渣的浸出动力学进行了研究,并探讨了硫酸浓度、反应温度、粒度等对钴、锌浸出率的影响规律。从动力学的角度分析了整个浸出过程,得到优化条件：液固比50：1(mL/g),硫酸浓度100 g/L,反应温度70°C,粒度75~80μm,反应时间20 min。在此优化条件下钴的浸出率为99.8%,锌的浸出率为91.97%。结果表明：在硫酸体系中钴的浸出符合不生成固体产物层的“未反应收缩核”模型。通过 Arrhenius 经验公式求得钴和锌表观反应活化能分别为11.693 kJ/mol和6.6894 kJ/mol,这表明浸出过程受边界层扩散控制。     

Leaching kinetics of antimony-bearing complex sulfides ore in hydrochloric acid solution with ozone

The leaching kinetics of Sb and Fe from antimony-bearing complex sulfides ore was investigated in HCl solution by oxidation–leaching with ozone. The effects of temperature, HCl concentration, stirring speed and particle size on the process were explored. It is found that the recoveries of Sb and Fe reach 86.1% and 28.8%, respectively, when the reaction conditions are 4.0 mol/L HCl, 900 r/min stirring speed at 85 °C with <0.074 mm particle size after 50 min leaching. XRD analysis indicates that no new solid product forms in the leaching residue and the leaching process can be described by shrinking core model. The leaching of Sb corresponds to diffusion-controlled model at low temperature (15–45 °C) and mixed-controlled model at high temperature (45–85 °C), and the apparent activation energies are 6.91 and 17.93 kJ/mol, respectively. The leaching of Fe corresponds to diffusion-controlled model, and the apparent activation energy is 1.99 kJ/mol. Three semi-empirical rate equations are obtained to describe the leaching process.     

氟碳铈矿盐酸浸出过程的动力学

考察盐酸浓度、浸出温度、液固比和矿物粒度对浸出速度的影响.结果表明:在盐酸浓度6 mol/L、浸出温度90C、液固比15:1、矿物粒度25 μm的条件下浸出90 min后,氟碳铈矿中稀土碳酸盐的浸出率达到89.6％,而稀土氟化物的浸出率仪为1.5％.氟碳铈矿浸出过程符合产物层扩散模型,稀土碳酸盐和氟化物浸出过程的表观活...     

低钒转炉钢渣提钒湿法工艺的动力学研究

为了提高湿法浸出低钒钢渣中钒的浸出效率,并对湿法浸出低钒钢渣中钒提供理论依据,从动力学角度分析整个浸出过程。考察温度、液固比、硫酸质量分数和搅拌速率对浸出过程的影响。研究结果表明:在90℃、液固比为10?1以及硫酸浓度6.0mol/L时,浸取9h,低钒钢渣中钒的浸出率可达到95.3%。通过正交实验和动力学推导,得到描述浸出过程的经验方程,低钒钢渣湿法浸出钒的动力学模型为收缩核动力学模型,浸出过程的表观活化能为12.794kJ/mol,该模型表明浸出过程中的控制步骤取决于固膜扩散速率。提高温度、液固比和硫酸质量分数,均可加速钒的浸出速度,提高钒的浸出率。     

Kinetics of zinc sulfide concentrate direct leaching in pilot plant scale and development of semi-empirical model

The direct leaching kinetics of an iron-poor zinc sulfide concentrate in the tubular reactor was examined. All tests were carried out in the pilot plant. To allow the execution of hydrostatic pressure condition, the slurry with ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid solution was filled into a vertical tube (9 m in height) and air was blown from the bottom of the reactor. The effects of initial acid concentration, temperature, particle size, initial zinc sulfate concentration, pulp density and the concentration of Fe on the leaching kinetics were investigated. Results of the kinetic analysis indicate that direct leaching of zinc sulfide concentrate follows shrinking core model (SCM). This process was controlled by a chemical reaction with the apparent activation energy of 49.7 kJ/mol. Furthermore, a semi-empirical equation is obtained, showing that the order of the iron, sulfuric acid and zinc sulfate concentrations and particle radius are 0.982, 0.189, ?0.097 and ?0.992, respectively. Analysis of the unreacted and reacted sulfide particles by SEM–EDS shows that insensitive agitation in the reactor causes detachment of the sulfur layer from the particles surface in lower than 60% Zn conversion and lixiviant in the face with sphalerite particles.     

Kinetics of indium dissolution from marmatite with high indium content in pressure acid leaching

The kinetics of oxygen pressure acid leaching marmatite with high indium content was studied. The effects of particle size, agitation rate, temperature, H_2SO_4 concentration, and oxygen partial pressure on leaching rate of indium were investigated. The results show that when the agitation rate is above 600 r-min~(-1), its influence on indium leaching rate is insignificant. It is determined that the leaching rates increase with the increase in sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, partial oxygen pressure, and the decrease in particle size. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the process of indium leaching is controlled by interface chemical reaction, with apparent activation energy of 65.7 k J-mol~(-1). The apparent reaction orders of sulfuric acid and oxygen partial pressure are determined to be 0.749 and 1.260, respectively. The leaching reaction process follows shrinking unreacted core model. And finally, the kinetics model equation is established for indium.     

Leaching process of germanium oxide dust

A thermodynamic analysis on the acid leaching process of germanium oxide dust and discussion on the behaviors of main substances of the dust in the leaching process were carried out. The effects of temperature, acid concentration, leaching time and stirring speed on the leaching rate of germanium were investigated. Based on the characteristic of the dust, the kinetics and reactive mechanism of acid leaching were stud- ied. The results show that the leaching of the dust by acid belonged to "the unreacted core shrinking model" of producing solid outgrowth layer. The chemical reaction was controlled by inner diffusion process. The apparent activation energy of leaching process was 12.60 kJ/mol. The leaching reaction of germanium was determined to be mainly second order reaction. The optimum conditions were the reaction tem- perature of 363 K, the leaching time of 2.5 h, the stirring speed of 120 r/min, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/8 and the acid concentration of 120 g/L. Under these conditions, the leaching rate of germanium can come up to more than 87%.     

机械活化对铟铁酸锌溶解动力学及物化性质的影响

以人工合成的高纯度铟铁酸锌为研究对象,采用搅拌球磨对其进行机械活化。以锌的浸出率为评价指标,研究不同活化试样在硫酸溶液中的浸出特性和溶解动力学,并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪和比表面积分析仪分别考察机械活化对铟铁酸锌晶体结构、颗粒形貌、粒度和比表面积的影响。结果表明:机械活化使铟铁酸锌的物化性质发生明显改变,并由此提高了铟铁酸锌的反应活性。经机械活化30和60 min后,铟铁酸锌与硫酸反应的表观活化能由未活化时的76.4 kJ/mol分别降至58.6和51.8 kJ/mol,表观反应级数也由原来的0.79分别降至0.62和0.59。未活化铟铁酸锌的酸溶过程受化学反应控制,活化后则为混合控制。     

铟的还原浸出动力学及分步沉淀选择性分离（英文）

开展硫化锌精矿还原浸出高铁锌浸出渣高效浸铟及浸出液中铟选择性分离的研究。结果表明：在固体物料粒度74～105μm、反应温度90℃、浸出时间300 min、硫酸浓度1.4 mol/L的条件下,铟的浸出率达95%以上。采用收缩核模型对还原浸出动力学进行分析,不同条件下的浸出实验结果表明反应受穿过固体产物层的扩散控制,活化能为17.96 k J/mol,相对于硫酸浓度的反应级数为2.41。铁粉置换沉铜过程铜和砷的沉淀率均达99%以上。98%以上的铟从含高亚铁离子浓度的硫酸锌溶液中选择性分离,获得铟含量约为2.4%的富铟渣,经酸浸-萃取-电积工艺流程进一步处理后可得到纯铟。