Removal of lubricants from effluents from Capron production

Conclusions 1. The composition of water obtained after removing lubricant by the aluminate method and further softening scarcely differs at all from that of softened water and can be re-used in industry.2. The flowsheet described enables a closed purification cycle to be built and finishing waste waters to be used; it enables the water consumption for fibre washing to be reduced, the discharge of toxic caprolactam to reservoirs to be discontinued and caprolactam to be recycled.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 76–78, July–August, 1969.     

Refractory products from semiacid clays from the Barzassk region

Summary The main advantage of ladle semiacid refractories, having the same life as fireclay, is their low cost owing to the use of cheap, local raw materials and small contents of expensive grog.According to approximate calculations, the saving from the use of local semiacid clays and the reduction in grog consumption should be about 6 rubles per ton of goods at the KMC.     

Zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite produced from calcium precursor derived from eggshells

The availability of natural calcium derived from biowaste materials is an inexpensive alternative to commercial calcium reagents used to produce calcium phosphate bioceramics. This approach is more ecofriendly, cost effective and sustainable owing to its abundant availability. In this study, zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (ZnHA-Es) was synthesised using calcium precursor derived from eggshells through precipitation method. Zn concentration was varied from 1 mol% to 5 mol% during the synthesis, and the derived powders were calcined at 700 °C in air atmosphere. XRD analysis revealed that ZnHA-Es powders were highly crystalline and comprised biphasic mixtures of HA as the major phase and β-tricalcium phosphate as the minor phase. FTIR examination indicated that all ZnHA-Es samples had a similar structure to pure HA as evidenced by the presence of frequency bands corresponding to phosphate, carbonate and hydroxyl functional groups. The disappearance of vibrational bands of carbonate groups became more apparent with increased Zn concentration. Microstructure analysis revealed that the derived nanostructured particles were spherical (approximately 40–100 nm in diameter) regardless of Zn substitution.     

从苯塔残液中提取联苯的研究

利用精馏和溶剂重结晶相结合的方法，从苯加氢装置的苯塔残液中提取联苯，精馏后可获得95％以上的联苯窄馏分，进一步重结晶后可获得99．5％以上联苯。     

西安开米获得"免检资格"

据中国质检局公布的名单 ,西安开米公司生产的液洗产品将在今后3年里得到免检资格。公司主席于文女士表示 ,开米将投资120万美元改进其质检中心西安开米获得“免检资格”@王吉星     

Direct synthesis of LPG from syngas derived from air-POM

Direct synthesis of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from a low-cost syngas derived from partial oxidation of methane with air (air-POM) was investigated over a hybrid catalyst consisting of methanol synthesis catalyst and Pd-modified Y-zeolite. The hybrid catalyst demonstrated a high activity and more than 73% selectivity for LPG fraction. BET, NH₃-TPD and TPO-MS were carried out to study the properties of Pd-Y before and after reaction. The results indicated that coke deposition on Pd-Y was the main contribution to the slow deactivation of hybrid catalyst.     

Novel dielectrics from IPNs derived from castor oil based polyurethanes

Three series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on a polyurethane (castor oil + toluene diisocyanate) with polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) were synthesized and characterized. Dielectric relaxation studies of these IPNs were carried out from ?150 to 100°C in the 100 Hz to 100 kHz range. The effects of structural variables such as composition, type of vinyl monomer, as well as the effect of interaction of the phases on the dielectric properties were studied. A certain degree of phase mixing was observed to exist in all series as detected by the variation of the glass-transition temperatures of the IPNs. Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization at the interface of the two phases was observed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

用钛白废渣七水硫酸亚铁生产聚合硫酸铁

硫酸法钛白粉排放大量FeSO4.7H2O废渣,目前主要用其生产铁黑、铁黄、铁红等铁系颜料及FeSO4.H2O饲料。但由于铁系颜料及FeSO4.H2O饲料的国内、国际市场容量有限,FeSO4.7H2O废渣的处理已成为我国硫酸法钛白粉快速发展的瓶颈之一。聚合硫酸铁是一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂,广泛用于各种工业污水的混凝净化处理,市场容量很大。利用钛白粉废渣作为原料,经过精制,将废渣所含的氧化钛回收返回钛白粉生产线,利用高效、节能、成熟的工装设备,采用催化及直接氧化法生产高质量的液体聚合硫酸铁,具有很好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Epoxy resins from fatty esters derived from cyclohexane and epoxycyclohexane

The magnitude of the physical properties of resins obtained by the phthalic anhydride cure of non-terminal epoxy monomers, prepared from fatty derivatives, was shown to be dependent on the distribution of the epoxy groups in the monomer. The monomers were prepared by epoxidizing a series of unsaturated esters, selected to test the effect of the addition of a single symmetrically disposed epoxide group. Oleoyl and linoleoyl esters of tetrahydrophthalyl alcohol, as well as dioleyl and dilinoleyl tetrahydrophthalate, were epoxidized and cured with phthalic anhydride (Group A). For comparison, epoxy monomers were prepared from oleoyl and linoleoyl esters of hexahydrophthalyl alcohol, as well as dioleyl and dilinoleyl hexahydrophthalate (Group B). When these epoxides were cured with phthalic anhydride, it was found that the resins derived from Group A had heat distortion temperatures which were approximately 55–65C higher than those from Group B. Presented in part at the AOCS meeting in New Orleans, La., 1962, It is V in the series “Epoxy REsins from Fats”. A laboratory of the E. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, U.S.D.A.     

Differentiation of α-cristobalite from opals in bentonites from Turkey

Because of the similarity of the XRD-patterns, well-ordered opal-C and opal-CT have been misidentified as α-cristobalite in many publications. This is important, because flying α-cristobalite is probably a human carcinogen and the opals are not. The evidence of α-cristobalite in bentonites is hazardous for the human health and reduces their marketing. To distinguish the opal-C and opal-CT from α-cristobalite, the XRD-patterns of bentonites before and after H₃PO₄-digestion (240 °C, 15 min) and heat treatment (1050 °C, 24 h) were evaluated in details. It was seen that the most characteristic XRD-reflection (hkl:101) centered near 0.40 nm for crystalline α-cristobalite and paracrystalline opals disappeared after the digestion and sharpened after the heat treatment. Since the crystallinity of α-cristobalite was not affected from the digestion and the heat treatment, it was concluded that the bentonites contain opal-CT or opal-C in amorphous opal-A matrix, but do not contain α-cristobalite. Since the paracrystallinity increases in order opal-CT and opal-C, the narrowing in full width at half-maximum reflection height (FWHM) 101 must be more for opal-CT than opal-C by heat treatment. Therefore, these opals were distinguished approximately from each other depending on the narrowing in the FWHM of 101 XRD-reflection by heating. Based on this result, it would not be decided that whether bentonites or other clays contain α-cristobalite or not, without performing the H₃PO₄-digestion and heat treatment.     

Diesel emissions from biofuels derived from Spanish potential vegetable oils

Methyl esters obtained from the most interesting Spanish oleaginous crops for energy use—sunflower and Cynara cardunculus—were both used as diesel fuels, pure and in 25% blends with a commercial fuel which was also used pure. A stationary engine test bed, together with the instrumentation for chemical and morphological analysis, allowed to study the effect of these fuels on the engine emissions, soluble organic fraction of the particulate matter, origin of adsorbed hydrocarbons, sulphate content, particle number per unit filter surface, and mean particle diameter. Both the consideration of the thermochemical properties of the tested fuels and the computations of a chemical equilibrium model were helpful for the results analysis. These results proved that the use of these vegetable esters provides a significant reduction on particulate emissions, mainly due to reduced soot and sulphate formation. On the contrary, no increases in NO_x emissions nor reductions on mean particle size were found.     

Amines from aldehydes derived from the ozonization of soybean esters

Investigations were carried out on reductive amination of caproaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde and azelaaldehydate esters, obtainable from ozonolysis of soybean oil products, with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst. A solvent system giving good yields of primary amine while suppressing amide formation was devised. Excess ammonia and homogeneous solutions suppressed secondary amine formation. Nonpolar solvents suppressed ammonolysis. Optimum conditions for reaction varied with the aldehyde. Excellent yields of hexylamine (91%), nonylamine (90%), methyl 9-aminononanoate (92%) and butyl 9-aminononanoate (93%) were obtained from caproaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde, methyl azelaaldehydate and butyl azelaaldehydate, respectively, when aminated in anhydrous ammonia and either cyclohexane or methyl cyclohexane. Presented at the AOCS meeting, Chicago, 1964. A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.