一种基于Web的通用本体学习框架

提出一种通用的多策略本体学习框架,通过对Web上各专业领域文档集进行挖掘来实现本体自动构建。讨论本体学习中本体概念的抽取、概念之间语义关系的抽取和分类体系的自动构建等关键技术,通过实验对算法进行测试和评价。由于集成了多种机器学习算法,该方法在概念抽取和语义关系学习方面具有更高的准确性,采用通用本体WordNet和HowNet作为语料库,可适用于不同的专业领域。通过按需获取Web文档,该方法能实时生成本体。     

农业本体及本体学习研究

目前国际上关于本体学习的研究非常活跃.利用本体学习技术来实现本体的半自动或自动构建就成为克服手工构建本体的困难和大规模开发本体的有效途经.介绍了本体理论和本体学习,综述了国内外农业本体的研究现状,特别介绍了农业本体学习的过程,给出了农业本体学习的关键理论和技术,采用基于统计、隐含语义检索和关联规则的算法提取概念;采用模式匹配和聚类算法提取概念问关系,列举了目前常用的本体学习工具,分析了本体学习结果的评价方法.     

本体映射综述

作为不同本体之间知识共享和互操作的一种方法,本体映射受到越来越多的重视。根据本体映射过程将本体映射系统划分为五大功能组件,总结了本体映射系统中常用的相似度算法。通过梳理本体映射领域的最新发展成果,从不同层次、不同维度构建本体映射系统分类体系。 介绍并比较了一些经典的本体映射系统,并对这些本体映射系统进行评价。最后指出本体映射将面临的挑战。     

Cluster-Merge本体构造算法

本体构造就是利用各种数据源以半自动方式新建或扩充改编已有本体以构建一个新本体。现有的本体构造方法大都以大量领域文本和背景语料库为基础抽取大量概念术语,然后从中选出领域概念构造出一个本体。Cluster-Merge算法首先对领域文档先用k-means聚类算法进行聚类,然后根据文档聚类的结果来构造本体,最后根据本体相似度进行本体合并得到最终的输出本体。通过实验可证明用Cluster-Merge算法得出的本体可以提高查全率、查准率。     

一种关系数据库到本体的自动构建方法

随着语义网的发展,对本体的需要也越来越大。但是目前大多数的数据被存储在关系数据库中,这些数据不能被语义网应用程序所访问。因此如何将关系数据中的数据转化为可以被语义网应用的数据,是一个需要解决的问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种从数据库自动地构建OWL本体的方法。该方法把本体构建过程分为语义信息的发现和本体映射两个部分。并且定义了一种图M-Graph,通过M-Graph的生成与分析,结合映射规则自动地构建OWL本体。实验验证,该方法可自动地由关系数据库构建OWL本体,并且可以得到相对丰富和准确的本体。     

面向Web信息资源的领域本体模型自动构建机制的研究

领域本体的构建是本体工程研究与应用的重要内容。面向网络Web信息资源,获取领域相关文本信息,通过对文本的概念分析,构建领域本体模型。提出一套本体自动构建机制,该本体构建基于数据挖掘和机器学习技术,内容主要包括基于贝叶斯(Bayes)分类原理;提出多个分类器方式的概念分类过程和算法;提出概念关联分析和概念自学习算法,建立本体原型;提出面向OWL本体模型的转换映射机制,构建基于OWL的本体模型。此外,还提出了从网络资源获取、领域本体建模到本体实施应用的一套完整的本体构建和应用实施的解决方案。     

多民族语言本体知识库构建技术

语义本体是共享概念模型的显示的形式化规范说明,其目标是将杂乱无章的信息源转变为有序易用的知识源。语义本体知识库的构建是文本自动处理的一个重要环节,跨语言信息检索、信息抽取、自动翻译等领域中都有广泛的应用。该文旨在描述统一标准、统一接口的多民族语言本体知识库的创建思路,以及包含的若干问题,例如 多民族语言中共有概念的一般表示与各民族语言特有的事物表达方式的规律,基于词汇语义的、包括汉语、英语及少数民族语言在内的多民族语言语义本体的表示理论与方法等。     

面向医学的本体学习方法

现有的大多数本体都是通过手工构建的。本体的构建是一项费时费力的过程,特别在医学领域更是如此。对此,提出了基于中文分词和文本挖掘技术的自动领域本体构建方法,该方法能大大提高本体构建的效率,保证本体的构建质量。     

一种mashup服务描述本体的自动构建方法

服务描述本体是基于语义的服务聚合的基础.目前本体构建主要由领域专家手工进行,具有成本高、时间长、不易演化等困难,不能满足mashup生态系统对本体的需要.标签作为一种在各类服务注册体系中被广泛使用的大众分类手段,从功能、认知的角度对服务进行描述,是群体智能的一种体现.提出了一种从标签自动构建mashup服务描述本体的方法,该方法利用大众分类,可以自下而上地进行自动化本体构建,并能随网络化的服务资源变化而自行演化.最后,通过实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于PMML标准的数据挖掘本体构建

针对实际问题选择数据挖掘方法是一个困难的工作,使用本体对数据挖掘方法进行建模并为用户推荐适合的方法是一个可行的解决方案。PMML是一种应用广泛的数据挖掘国际标准,提出了一种基于PMML标准构建数据挖掘本体的方法并用Protégé构建了一个本体,为利用本体推理为用户推荐挖掘算法奠定了基础。     

On ontology

A previously unpublished text by I. Kh. Shmain [On Ontology] written as a letter to V. B. Borshchev, a member of the editorial board of the collection NTI is presented below.     

基于跨语本体重用的维语本体构建方法

针对维英本体共性知识的获取问题,提出一种基于跨语本体重用的快速构建维语领域本体方法。该方法将初始维语本体转换为英语本体,通过本体选择、映射和合并等过程对其丰富,达到一定阈值,转换为维语本体。提出了数据源势、本体势等概念和构建维语本体的数据模型。基于该方法构造了一个旅游领域本体实例,转换率达到78.8%,充分验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

本体中is-a层次的构建与本体集成

首先给出了本体中is-a层次的构建方法,并提出了is-a层次中删除概念的算法;其次,分析了本体集成的原因,给出了本体集成的分类、三种集成方式和四条集成原则;最后,提出一种基于OWL (Web ontology language)的本体集成算法,实验证明此算法可行.     

Supply chain management ontology from an ontology engineering perspective

Knowledge sharing and reuse are important factors affecting the performance of supply chains. These factors can be amplified in information systems by supply chain management (SCM) ontology. The literature provides various SCM ontologies for a range of industries and tasks. Although many studies make claims of the benefits of SCM ontology, it is unclear to what degree the development of these ontologies is informed by research outcomes from the ontology engineering field. This field has produced a set of specific engineering techniques, which are supposed to help developing quality ontologies. This article reports a study that assesses the adoption of ontology engineering techniques in 16 SCM ontologies. Based on these findings, several implications for research as well as SCM ontology adoption are articulated.     

本体中is a层次的构建与本体集成*

首先给出了本体中isa层次的构建方法,并提出了isa层次中删除概念的算法;其次,分析了本体集成的原因,给出了本体集成的分类、三种集成方式和四条集成原则;最后,提出一种基于OWL (Web ontology language)的本体集成算法,实验证明此算法可行。     

A K-way spectral partitioning of an ontology for ontology matching

Ontology matching, the process of resolving heterogeneity between two ontologies consumes a lot of computing memory and time. This problem is exacerbated in large ontology matching tasks. To address the problem of time and space complexity in the matching process, ontology partitioning has been adopted as one of the methods, however, most ontology partitioning algorithms either produce incomplete partitions or are slow in the partitioning process hence eroding the benefits of the partitioning. In this paper, we demonstrate that spectral partitioning of an ontology can generate high quality partitions geared towards ontology matching.     

A linguistic ontology

This paper defends the choice of a linguistically-based content ontology for natural language processing and demonstrates that a single common-sense ontology produces plausible interpretations at all levels from parsing through reasoning. The paper explores some of the problems and tradeoffs for a method which has just one content ontology. A linguistically-based content ontology represents the "world view" encoded in natural language. The content ontology (as opposed to the formal semantic ontology which distinguishes events from propositions, and so on) is best grounded in the culture, rather than in the world itself, or in the mind. By "world view" we mean naive assumptions about "what there is" in the world, and how it should be classified. These assumptions are time-worn and reflected in language at several levels: morphology, syntax and lexical semantics. The content ontology presented in the paper is part of a Naive Semantic lexicon, Naive Semantics is a lexical theory in which associated with each word sense is a naive theory (or set of beliefs) about the objects or events of reference. While naive semantic representations are not combinations of a closed set of primitives, they are also limited by a shallowness assumption. Included is just the information required to form a semantic interpretation incrementally, not all of the information known about objects. The Naive Semantic ontology is based upon a particular language, its syntax and its word senses. To the extent that other languages codify similar world views, we predict that their ontologies are similar. Applied in a computational natural language understanding system, this linguistically-motivated ontology (along with other native semantic information) is sufficient to disambiguate words, disambiguate syntactic structure, disambiguate formal semantic representations, resolve anaphoric expressions and perform reasoning tasks with text.     

Axiom-based ontology matching

Abstract: Managing multiple ontologies is now a core question in most of the applications that require semantic interoperability. The semantic web is surely the most significant application of this report: the current challenge is not to design, develop and deploy domain ontologies but to define semantic correspondences among multiple ontologies covering overlapping domains. In this paper, we introduce a new approach of ontology matching named axiom-based ontology matching. As this approach is founded on the use of axioms, it is mainly dedicated to heavyweight ontologies, but it can also be applied to lightweight ontologies as a complementary approach to the current techniques based on the analysis of natural language expressions, instances and/or taxonomical structures of ontologies. This new matching paradigm is defined in the context of the conceptual graphs model, where the projection (i.e. the main operator for reasoning with conceptual graphs which corresponds to homomorphism of graphs) is used as a means to semantically match the concepts and the relations of two ontologies through the explicit representation of the axioms in terms of conceptual graphs. We also introduce an ontology of representation, called MetaOCGL, dedicated to the reasoning of heavyweight ontologies at the meta-level.