用厌氧产氢反应器出水培养好氧颗粒污泥的研究

以厌氧产氢反应器出水为底物，在序批式反应器中研究了好氧颗粒污泥的培养过程。结果表明，以厌氧产氢反应器出水为底物，在60d内能够培养出粒径大、沉降性能优异且对污染物去除能力强的好氧颗粒污泥。在活性污泥的颗粒化过程中，伴随着污泥体积指数的减小。污泥的粒径和沉速增大，反应器内的污泥浓度增加，从而提高了反应器的处理效能。     

基于好氧颗粒污泥的三槽交替反应器的运行效能与微生物菌群分析

在新开发的三槽交替反应器基础上接种厌氧反应器中的颗粒污泥,采用较高的进水负荷快速培养好氧颗粒污泥,考察了三槽交替反应器的运行效能,并进行微生物菌群结构分析。结果表明:在PLC自动控制条件下,反应器实现了周期性独立控制。经过32 d的培养,好氧颗粒污泥在厌氧颗粒污泥的基础上培养成功。在人工配水的条件下,氮、磷去除效能较低。通过改善进水碱度,污泥形态保持稳定,COD、氨氮和磷酸盐的平均去除率分别达到88%、47.80%和28.10%。好氧颗粒污泥微生物菌群结构与厌氧颗粒污泥有较大相似性,α、γ-Proteobacteria的相对丰度明显提高,好氧颗粒污泥中Sphaerotilus、Acidovorax、flavobacterium等菌属的热度(相对变化强度)较高,对好氧颗粒污泥的形成和稳定运行起到重要作用。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床厌氧反应器的快速启动研究

以膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）反应器生产实践为基础进行的处理模拟生活污水的试验发现：在启动过程中，接种污泥含有厌氧颗粒污泥菌种和适量的絮状厌氧污泥可以加快反应器启动；采用添加微量金属营养元素和进水COD负荷基本不变及稳定后增加负荷的三段式进水操作方式，有助于颗粒污泥的形成和加快反应器的启动；在培养过程中出现的反应器壁膜对颗粒污泥的生成可起到促进和辅助作用，并能提高反应器的抗冲击负荷能力。研究结果对EGSB反应器的生产实践具有重要的指导作用，可作为反应器实际运行的参考依据。     

组合式折流板反应器启动程序的研究

介绍一种组合式折流板反应器(CBR),由缺氧区—厌氧区—好氧区组成。好氧区部分出水回流至缺氧区进行脱氮,实现了A2/O与折流板反应器的嵌套,在保留厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)优点的同时,强化了COD去除率和脱氮效果。采用模拟污水,通过先启动厌氧区,再启动好氧区,最后启动缺氧区的方式成功启动了CBR,获得了启动过程中COD去除率、pH、产气量、TN等参数随时间的变化规律。反应器启动后COD去除率可以稳定达到90%以上,总氮去除率可以达到80%以上。电镜扫描结果表明,厌氧区各格室颗粒污泥具有明显的相分离特性。     

序批式反应器的好氧颗粒污泥特性研究

对序批式反应器中好氧颗粒活性污泥的形成过程、处理性能和颗粒分布特性进行了研究。结果表明，不同操作条件下产生了结构形态不同的颗粒污泥，沉降时间是颗粒污泥形成的主要因素，有机负荷对颗粒污泥的结构有一定影响。颗粒污泥反应器对溶解性COD的去除率可达90％，对氨氮的去除率为24％。颗粒污泥在反应器中分布不均匀，反应器底部MLSS高达8g／L，SVI为34mL／g，随着反应器高度的增加则MLSS值降低、SVI值提高；此外较大的颗粒污泥聚集在反应器的底部，较小的颗粒污泥和絮体分布在反应器的中上部。     

螺旋升流式反应器处理污水的活性污泥特性分析

对螺旋升流反应器在污水脱氮除磷处理中的污泥特性进行了分析,发现MLVSS/MLSS在厌氧单元中呈现出递增变化趋势,在缺氧和好氧单元呈现递减变化趋势,这种变化趋势在脱氮除磷效果好时明显,不好时变化不明显。镜检发现反应器中微生物丰富多样,颗粒污泥紧密、结实。污泥的SV在13%~18%,SVI在40~70之间。污泥的耗氧呼吸速率SOUR随厌氧过程逐渐升高,好氧过程逐渐降低;脱氢酶活性却表现出与之相反的变化规律。     

生物膜反应器中好氧颗粒污泥形成机理

研究了新型悬浮载体生物膜反应器对生活污水中COD和氨氮的去除效果,就生物量和生物相的变化规律进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了反应器内好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理。试验发现,所形成的好氧颗粒污泥为白色绒球状,平均粒径为2～3mm,最大可达5mm左右,相对密度在1．12～1．14之间,沉速为29．7～46．0m/h;反应器内的微生物以附着生长型为主,生物量(SS)为5．O～15．Og／L,好氧颗粒污泥在总生物量中所占的比例较小(约为1／10)。此好氧颗粒污泥可看成是脱落的生物膜在特定外部环境条件下所形成的具有特殊结构的微生物聚集体,其主要是由丝状细菌的菌丝缠绕而成,同时有球菌、杆菌等其他微生物附着生长在菌丝上。     

好氧SBR反应器中污泥颗粒化过程的成核研究

采用人工配制的模拟生活污水,以好氧絮状污泥为接种污泥,通过调控运行条件,在低高径比、纯好氧曝气的序批式反应器(SBR)中成功培养出了高活性的好氧颗粒污泥晶核,并对其性能、除污效果和成核影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:成熟好氧颗粒污泥晶核平均粒径为0.5mm,沉降性能较好,SVI为77mL/g;成熟好氧颗粒污泥晶核对COD和NH3-N都有较高的去除率,分别达到了90%和97%;水力剪切力是影响污泥成核的关键因素.     

网板及高径比对SBR反应器中好氧颗粒污泥形成影响的试验研究

为了快速稳定地培养好氧颗粒污泥，获得对有机物、氨氮、总磷等去除的更好处理效果，考察在SBR反应器中用不同高径比（H／D）的网板结构对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。结果表明：在网板与大高径比的共同作用下，H／D=10：1的网板式SBR反应器中对COD、氨氮的去除率分别为91．36％和87．33％，远好于普通SBR以及小高径比网板式SBR反应器。     

高浓度变性淀粉生产废水的处理

高浓度变性淀粉生产废水经过混凝沉淀后采用膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器进行厌氧生物处理，最后再经活性污泥好氧处理，其出水水质可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准。     

UASB工艺在啤酒废水处理中的应用

安徽某大型啤酒厂的工程实践证明，采用内循环UASB反应器＋好氧工艺处理啤酒废水是可行的。因设计了出水内循环并加装了斜板分离器，在实际调试与运行中UASB系统适应pH值和温度的范围较宽，运行稳定、处理效率高、能耗低，在春季时系统重新启动可很快得以恢复。     

Integrated application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of wastewaters

The UASB process among other treatment methods has been recognized as a core method of an advanced technology for environmental protection. This paper highlights the treatment of seven types of wastewaters i.e. palm oil mill effluent (POME), distillery wastewater, slaughterhouse wastewater, piggery wastewater, dairy wastewater, fishery wastewater and municipal wastewater (black and gray) by UASB process. The purpose of this study is to explore the pollution load of these wastewaters and their treatment potential use in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. The general characterization of wastewater, treatment in UASB reactor with operational parameters and reactor performance in terms of COD removal and biogas production are thoroughly discussed in the paper. The concrete data illustrates the reactor configuration, thus giving maximum awareness about upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for further research. The future aspects for research needs are also outlined.     

UASB处理低浓度城市污水的生产性研究

广东某城市污水处理厂采用UASB-好氧工艺处理低浓度城市污水，对UASB的实际处理效能进行了考察。结果表明，在试验的进水水质条件下，当UASB的水力停留时间为6h时，系统对COD和BOD5的平均去除率分别为50％和60％，对TP的去除率为15％～38％。当HRT由5．67h延长至10h时，出水VFA浓度会随之降低，而pH值则始终稳定在6．5～7．5，系统对COD和BOD5的去除率分别增加9％和19％，对溶解性COD和BOD5的去除率分别增加25％和24％。     

厌氧颗粒污泥的性质及其在污水处理中的应用

简要介绍了厌氧颗粒污泥的形成机理以及基本物理、化学和生物特性。简述了厌氧颗粒污泥在上流式厌氧污泥床、厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床、内循环反应器和厌氧折流板反应器等污水处理反应器中的应用和处理参数。     

Anaerobic biodegradability and treatment of grey water in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor

Feasibility of grey water treatment in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operated at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16, 10 and 6h and controlled temperature of 30 degrees C was investigated. Moreover, the maximum anaerobic biodegradability without inoculum addition and maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions in grey water were determined in batch experiments. High values of maximum anaerobic biodegradability (76%) and maximum COD removal in the UASB reactor (84%) were achieved. The results showed that the colloidal COD had the highest maximum anaerobic biodegradability (86%) and the suspended and dissolved COD had similar maximum anaerobic biodegradability of 70%. Furthermore, the results of the UASB reactor demonstrated that a total COD removal of 52-64% was obtained at HRT between 6 and 16 h. The UASB reactor removed 22-30% and 15-21% of total nitrogen and total phosphorous in the grey water, respectively, mainly due to the removal of particulate nutrients. The characteristics of the sludge in the UASB reactor confirmed that the reactor had a stable performance. The minimum sludge residence time and the maximum specific methanogenic activity of the sludge ranged between 27 and 93 days and 0.18 and 0.28 kg COD/(kg VS d).     

An expert system for monitoring and diagnosis of anaerobic wastewater treatment plants

In this paper, an expert system (ES) developed for the monitoring and diagnosis of anaerobic wastewater treatment plants (AWT), is presented. The system was evaluated in a hybrid pilot plant of 1.1 m3 located in an industrial environment for the treatment of wastewaters from a fibreboard production factory. The reactor is a hybrid USBF, combining an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) in the lower part and an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) at the top.     

Techno-Economic Assessment Of Biological Treatment And Water Reuse Of Effluent From The Food Industries

Treatment of high strength wastewater generated by food plants requires a development of cost effective wastewater treatment schemes and exploration of viable means for treated water reuse. This paper addresses the techno-economic aspects of a combined biological treatment scheme comprising anaerobic digestion and aerobic biological filters. Advanced water treatment for reuse includes multimedia filtration, activated carbon adsorption and membrane separation. Analysis of the results of the combined performance of the anaerobic/aerobic treatment indicates that treating high strength wastewater could be achieved by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and high rate trickling filter. Typical biological treatment capital and operating costs are about 1.3 million dollars and 131,000 dollars, respectively, for a treatment facility of about 4000 v m 3 /day to produce effluents of COD about 30 v mg/l. Water reuse costs ranged from US$ 0.034 to US$ 0.38/m 3 based on the salt content and residual dissolved organic matter.     

Development of granular sludge for textile wastewater treatment

Microbial granular sludge that is capable to treat textile wastewater in a single reactor under intermittent anaerobic and aerobic conditions was developed in this study. The granules were cultivated using mixed sewage and textile mill sludge in combination with anaerobic granules collected from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor as seed. The granules were developed in a single sequential batch reactor (SBR) system under alternating anaerobic and aerobic condition fed with synthetic textile wastewater. The characteristics of the microbial granular sludge were monitored throughout the study period. During this period, the average size of the granules increased from 0.02 ± 0.01 mm to 2.3 ± 1.0 mm and the average settling velocity increased from 9.9 ± 0.7 m h⁻¹ to 80 ± 8 m h⁻¹. This resulted in an increased biomass concentration (from 2.9 ± 0.8 g L⁻¹ to 7.3 ± 0.9 g L⁻¹) and mean cell residence time (from 1.4 days to 8.3 days). The strength of the granules, expressed as the integrity coefficient also improved. The sequential batch reactor system demonstrated good removal of COD and ammonia of 94% and 95%, respectively, at the end of the study. However, only 62% of color removal was observed. The findings of this study show that granular sludge could be developed in a single reactor with an intermittent anaerobic-aerobic reaction phase and is capable in treating the textile wastewater.     

Treatment of raw domestic sewage in an UASB reactor

The treatment of raw domestic sewage at ambient temperatures in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with a volume of 120 l. and a height of 1.92 m was studied. The sewage had an average BOD₅ of 357 mg l⁻¹ and COD of 627 mg l⁻¹. Approximately 75% of the organic materials were in the suspended fraction. The sewage temperature ranged from 18 to 28°C during the experimental period. The reactor operated continuously for 9 months and assessed self-inoculation and raw domestic sewage purification. The unit was started without inoculum and ran during the entire experimental period with a hydraulic retention time of 4 h. During the experiment, a sludge bed build-up was observed. At the end of the experimental period, the predominance of spherical granular particles up to 6–8 mm in diameter was evident.

After a 4-month operation, it was observed that the inoculation/acclimatization steps had been concluded. Removal efficiencies of BOD₅ = 78%, COD = 74% and TSS = 72% were obtained. A typical gas production factor of 80 l kg⁻¹ COD added was observed and the CH₄ content of the biogas was 69%.