Power system data base management

In futurist Alvin Toffler's book PowerShift-Knowledge, Wealth, and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century, he describes the global shift in economic power that will favor those who successfully manage the information in the “Information Age”. Information management is a key to success in power systems asset management just as it is in all other economic endeavors. Much of the information which can be used to manage these assets is “tied up” in various applications software and unavailable to the asset manager as a management tool. Other system information is available through the newest technologies in microprocessor-based relays and meters. A data base management software package can be developed which can capture this “tied-up” data and organize it for economic life analysis, market analysis, inventory control, planning and scheduling maintenance, and energy analysis. This paper describes a power systems data base management software package that can capture “tied-up” data in various applications packages and microprocessor-based meters and protective relays     

需方用电管理的电价策略与效益评估

需方用电管理（DSM）是一种在用户有效参与下充分利用电力资源的系统工程,供电部门借助各种刺激手段,鼓励用户采取有效措施和节能技术,影响电力需求,改善电力负荷曲线,从而降低发电和输电成本,为适应电力市场的需要,全面掌握需方用电管理的各种有效手段及其效益评估方法。综合分析并总结了实施需方用电管理的各种电价策略,给出并详细论述了实施DSM给系统所带来的效益评估模型和方法,指出实施需求侧管理将对供用电双方产生巨大的经济效益,并对改善环境,减少污染带来显著影响。     

基于区块链的配电网能效自动化管理方法

随着可再生能源的发展和分布式电源的推广,电网需求侧能效管理工作将逐步由集中式优化调度计算转向分布式计算。物联网技术和区块链技术的进步将为实现能效管理系统的分布式系统提供技术基础。本文提出了一种基于物联网智能电表和微电网的多用户分布式能效管理系统,并通过提出的非合作博弈论模型对家用电设备进行调度计算,成功实现了降低用户家庭电费支出和整个社区微电网能耗总成本的目标。用户可在家庭的分布式能源、社区微电网以及公用电网三种中择优选择购电,并在博弈中优化自己的日常家电使用策略,使得市场所有用户都可将能源消耗成本降至最低,实现纳什平衡。在此基础上,该模型运用区块链技术为参与者之间提供可靠的、安全的、私密的通信媒介,实现用户家电设备的智能监控并通过智能合约对用电量进行计费。算例分析结果表明,该方法能最大限度地降低能耗总成本和各用户能耗成本。     

西门子信息化电能管理系统

西门子信息化电能管理系统集成了配电系统现场智能设备、先进可靠的PLC和功能强大的控制中心,拥有负荷管理、成本管理以及电能质量分析等功能.该系统通过实时监视配电工况信息,有效地优化和控制电能消耗,确保安全可靠地供电,降低运行成本.     

Modeling and Management of Batteries and Ultracapacitors for Renewable Energy Support in Electric Power Systems–An Overview

Abstract—Energy storage devices and systems are playing a major role in all electrical systems from small electronics devices and automotive systems to the utility grid. The main objective of this article is to review energy storage devices, management, control, interface, and demonstrations for electrical power systems. Various types of energy storage systems are discussed, but the main focus is on batteries and ultracapacitors. Different types of batteries and their electrical models are explained. Three major types of ultracapcitors are also discussed. The battery management system and its functions, controls, and hardware are discussed. Various power electronics-based interface systems for battery and ultracapcitor charging and discharging are presented. Applications of energy storage systems for utility applications, including renewable firming, power shifting, and ancillary services, are discussed.     

清洁发展机制与我国可再生能源发电

结合我国可再生能源发电的实际情况和清洁发展机制（CDM）的规则,从各方面分析了CDM在可再生能源发电中的潜力和预期效益。我国可再生能源发电潜力巨大,而且具备减排成本低等多重比较优势,但同时也存在着发电成本高等制约因素。通过CDM项目的开发和实施,可以带来环境、经济、社会等多方面的效益。     

全寿命周期成本技术在电力行业中的应用

在电力行业中,引入全寿命周期成本(Life Cycle Cost,LCC)技术可以使电力企业获得更大更长远的经济效益。首先简要介绍了全寿命周期成本技术在国内外的发展状况,随后在详细阐述全寿命周期成本基本原理的基础上,介绍了目前全寿命周期成本技术在电力行业各方面中的应用,包括电力设备、电网规划、电力系统资产管理、电力工程等,并给出了变压器的LCC分解模型。最后详细地介绍了在电力行业中运用全寿命周期成本管理的基本步骤和需要注意的问题。     

电网公司投资计划管理系统开发与应用分析

随着电网发展速度的不断加-陕,电网项目投资的规模逐年加大。为了提高投资效益,内蒙古电力公司统一组织建设了投资计划管理系统,在优化业务流程的基础上,利用信息化手段规范投资计划管理的过程管控。文章阐述了投资计划管理系统的设计原则和系统实施时涉及的关键技术。分析了系统的主要功能和应用效益。该系统的投入使用。能够对公司提高投资计划的管理水平提供有力的支撑,便于加强成本控制,提高企业的经济效益。     

Feasibility study of the implementation of A.I. automation techniques in modern power distribution networks

Contemporary power distribution networks are no longer regarded as passive power system elements. On the contrary, novel control systems are being constantly developed over the last decade, aiming to achieve reliability improvement and operational optimization by means of power loss reduction, prompt fault detection and power restoration etc. A crucial aspect of the systems developed to achieve these goals will inevitably be their ability to integrate new functions without the need for further investment. In this paper, a multi agent system (MAS) initially developed for fault detection and power restoration is studied with respect to these issues. More specifically, a feasibility analysis is conducted regarding the implementation of the MAS on a segment of the underground 20 kV power distribution network of the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The analysis focuses on the initial investment cost and the payback of the application, as well as on the additional benefits for the power distribution system operator due to the system reliability improvement. The ability of the MAS to incorporate loss reduction algorithms without further investment is also studied, and the respective benefits of the power distribution system operator are analyzed. Moreover, the feasibility analysis is generalized so as to be able to be applied to any power distribution automation implementation with similar attributes.     

The future of electronic power processing and conversion

At a workshop held on the Aeolian Islands in Sicily during May 2004 a group of academic and industry engineers from all over the world discussed the medium- and long-term future of power electronics and its applications in specific areas. The following main issues were identified and discussed: The demand is not for power electronic solutions but for system integration of electronic power processing. A more multidisciplinary approach is needed. We will witness a proliferation of energy storage in systems. The technology is in place and the improvement in system performance makes it worth while. A large penetration of power electronics into power systems will happen within the next 25-30 years. The main transmission grid will not be affected. The power electronics development will be in distributed generation and in the loads. The success of the integrated starter/generator (ISG), hybrid, or electric cars depends on political decisions more than on technological advances. However, the success of a recent Japanese hybrid car and the cost of oil could trigger the critical momentum for large-scale use of power electronics in automotive applications. We are moving toward standardized power supply building blocks for computers and other applications. The main push is for lower cost, and production technology becomes the important issue. Demands for improved performance in a diversity of applications will stimulate R&D in power electronics in the future. Intelligent control and energy management will come easily. Thermal and passive component integration is equally important and will require attention.     

新能源与电能变换：系统集成、技术融合及应用展望

本文讨论了对于新能源供电系统与电能变换装置应用具有重要作用的问题，着重探讨电力电子变换、系统集成和技术融合。论文首先论述了风力发电、太阳能电池和燃料电池等几种新能源的供电方式，并提出电源变换在新能源电力系统中的核心作用是值得注意的共性问题和关键技术。为此，电能变换装置特别是直流变换器和交流逆变器被广泛地用于新能源电力系统，以组成集成供电系统。论文进一步提出了技术融合的思想，将现代电源技术、功率变换技术、控制方法、安全保护及智能管理等结合成一种综合方法来解决目前面临的问题，并展望了新能源电力系统的在混合供电、分布式电力系统和便携式电源等方面的应用前景。     

基于非侵入式负荷监测的家庭智慧用能管理研究

随着多能源网络的融合和能源互联网技术的快速发展,家庭用能管理在解决各个能源网络节点供需问题上扮演着重要的角色。现有的大多数家庭用能管理针对已知用电负荷进行优化,未考虑用电设备类型的多样化和用电设备突增的情形。基于非侵入式负荷监测（Noninvasive Load Monitoring,NILM）算法可以有效获取家庭用电负荷、规律和用电信息,为家庭智慧用能管理提供数据支撑。文中以家庭用电成本、温度、时间、舒适度为目标函数建立家庭智慧用能多目标优化模型,对可控负荷、电动汽车、储能系统进行分析建立数学模型,利用粒子群算法对模型进行求解。仿真结果表明,基于NILM监测算法,考虑用电成本和舒适度家庭用电成本降低至72.5%;当用户可控用电负荷增加时,NILM算法可以实时更新控制策略降低用户用电成本;对不同用户进行多次计算,净成本和计算时间波动较小,证明了算法的合理性、可靠性。     

储能系统容量优化配置及全寿命周期经济性评估研究综述

近年来,随着储能技术性能的提高、成本的降低、电网供需矛盾的突出以及激励政策的出台,长寿命、低成本、高能量转换效率的电池储能技术的经济性逐渐凸显,储能技术的应用正逐步由项目示范转向商业运营。但现阶段储能系统的技术和经济性能有限,尚不具备规模经济性,储能系统容量配置及经济性评估是储能项目示范和商业推广应用的前提。通过分析储能应用需求、国内政策环境,提出储能容量配置及经济性评估的必要性。总结分析了储能在电力系统各环节的应用功能、储能技术类型及其参数、现阶段具备在电力系统中大规模应用的典型电池储能技术类型及技术经济指标现状、国内外典型储能示范工程、退役动力电池在电力系统中梯次应用的现状、以及储能容量配置及经济性评估研究现状。     

Energy Economics of a Modern Suspension Preheater Plant Compared to a Modern Plant Incorporating Cogeneration

The rising cost of fuel experienced over the past several years has caused the cement industry to look for more energy efficient systems for producing cement. Probably the most popular system has been the suspension preheater, frequently coupled with a roller mill, a flash calciner, or both. While these systems have yielded greatly improved fuel efficiencies, they have also contributed to higher consumption of electrical energy. This, coupled with the rapid rise in cost of electrical energy, has led to a renewed interest in cogeneration, wherein the heat contained in the kiln off-gases is used to produce steam to run turbine generators, thereby increasing the use of lower cost fuel energy while decreasing the use of higher cost purchased electric power energy. The production cost of a suspension preheater is different than for a plant utilizing cogeneration, so the production cost per ton of the two systems is compared, and the differences are used to determine the feasibility of cogeneration for a specific set of conditions. Two cogeneration cases will be examined. One is a plant utilizing generated power from waste heat only, all of which is consumed by the plant. The other is a plant which not only utilizes waste heat power but also produces for sale back to the utility company.     

基于电力物联网的变电站多维度场景管控系统

在电力物联网背景下,电力系统将在能量层和信息层中扮演更加重要的角色,变电站不再只是电能汇集与分配的节点。利用图像采集模块、边缘分析终端、5G通信技术和云边协同平台建立变电站多维度场景管控系统,实现变电站现场作业安全实时管控、运行环境及设备主动预警、门禁安全智能管控和主辅助设备可视化协同等功能。以山东某市供电公司为例,从社会效益、安全效益和经济效益3个方面详细分析该管控系统的应用成效,结果表明该管控系统具有一定的普适性和实用性,有利于提升变电站内人员、环境和设备的全面管控能力。     

A cooperative protection system with an agent model

The authors propose a new concept, the “relay agent”, to realize a cooperative power system protection system, which consists of distributed equipment combined with a communication network to cooperate in the realization of adaptive protection functions. Relay agents move between equipment to utilize data and functions distributed over the power system. In the paper, relay agents are classified by their roles and protection functions under some typical conditions are simulated. Consideration based on the simulations indicate that the concept enables the protection system to keep an isolated zone minimum against any changes in power system conditions and to secure high reliability of the protection system with less redundant hardware. The new concept “relay agent” will provide a powerful means of advanced protection functions by combination of microprocessor technology and information communication technology     

分布式发电的环境效益分析

分布式发电的兴起,是地球环境可持续发展政策与技术进步的产物。当前,分布式发电已经成为电力系统中一个新的研究热点;然而,在现行电力监管体制下,政策的制订者和执行者很难认识到分布式发电的价值,特别是对分布式发电的环境效益认识不够,从而使得分布式发电所带来的环境效益至今没有得到价值体现。针对这种情况,文中认为其主要的原因是目前没有将分布式发电的环境效益定量化。基于此,提出了将分布式发电环境效益定量化的指标,以此作为分析分布式发电环境效益的依据;同时,在此基础上建立了考虑环境效益的电量成本计算新模型,该模型将对污染物的排放实行罚款。计算结果表明,新的模型能定量化地反映分布式发电的环境效益,从而为分布式发电的进一步推广提供参考。     

Optimal power flow for a deregulated power system using adaptive real coded biogeography-based optimization

The optimization is an important role in the wide geographical distribution of electrical power market, finding the optimum solution for the operation and design of power systems has become a necessity with the increasing cost of raw materials, depleting energy resources and the ever growing demand for electrical energy. Using adaptive real coded biogeography-based optimization (ARCBBO), we present the optimization of various objective functions of an optimal power flow (OPF) problem in a power system. We aimed to determine the optimal settings of control variables for an OPF problem. The proposed approach was tested on a standard IEEE 30-bus system and an IEEE 57-bus system with different objective functions. Simulation results reveal that the proposed ARCBBO approach is effective, robust and more accurate than current methods of power flow optimization in literature.     

Utilizing waste hydrogen for energy recovery using fuel cells and associated technologies

Electrochemical and other process industries frequently vent or flare hydrogen byproducts to the atmosphere. This paper will discuss hydrogen power conversion methods including fuel cells and combustion technologies. This paper presents an overview of some of the practical implementation methods available and the challenges that must be met. The pros and cons of distributing power to either the ac power system or dc process bus are examined. This technology is expected to become cost competitive as energy prices continue to climb and fuel cell proficiency matures.