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针对当前三甘醇脱水装置存在的效率低和能耗高的问题,通过开展三甘醇脱水工艺参数与流程优化研究,结果表明:应用HYSYS自带优化器优化三甘醇脱水装置参数后,在重沸器温度为200℃,汽提气用量、入塔贫甘醇流量在设计值范围内,优化后单位能耗比优化前单位能耗平均降低约8.7%。共沸再生脱水工艺流程的贫液浓度约为99.8%,三甘醇贫液损失量约为传统三甘醇脱水工艺的10%,脱水后干气水露点比传统三甘醇脱水工艺低38℃左右。通过开展优化研究使三甘醇脱水装置的能耗更低、脱水效率更高,为现有设备的节能降耗设计和平稳运行提供参考依据。 相似文献
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工艺参数优化是降低碳捕集系统再生能耗的有效途径之一。以高炉煤气醇胺溶液吸收CO2捕集系统为研究对象,将Aspen Plus与响应曲面法(RSM)相结合,研究贫液温度、贫液负荷、再生塔压力对碳捕集系统再生能耗的影响。在此基础上以Aspen Plus模拟数据为样本,并以样本中的再生能耗为响应值,利用响应曲面法建立数学模型,获得再生能耗最低的优化参数组合。结果表明,贫液温度、贫液负荷、再生塔压力对再生能耗均具有显著性影响,且贫液负荷和再生塔压力存在明显交互效应;贫液温度和贫液负荷及贫液负荷和再生塔压力各自间的交互作用表明,贫液负荷和再生塔压力的变化会影响再生能耗的大小;响应曲面优化得到最佳工艺参数:贫液温度30℃、贫液负荷0.24 mol/mol、再生塔压力1.80×105 Pa、再生能耗3.12 GJ/t,相比基准实验方案再生能耗下降28.4%。 相似文献
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《现代化工》2016,(8)
采用HYSYS建立轻烃回收装置工艺模型,通过灵敏度分析选择低温分离温度、脱乙烷塔底温度和脱丁烷塔底温度为回归参数,基于响应面方法(RSM)建立装置C_3收率等考察指标与回归参数间的回归模型与优化模型。经分析得到,低温分离温度、脱乙烷塔底温度和脱丁烷塔底温度可显著影响装置C_3收率,且显著度大小关系为:脱乙烷塔底温度低温分离温度脱丁烷塔底温度;脱乙烷塔底温度与低温分离温度间交互作用大于脱乙烷塔底温度与脱丁烷塔底温度间交互作用。以C_3收率最大化为优化目标,LPG满足GB 11174—2011为约束条件,对优化模型求解得出最优操作参数:低温分离温度-72℃、脱乙烷塔底温度30.5℃、脱丁烷塔底温度138.0℃。在此条件下,装置C_3收率理论上可提升6.15%。 相似文献
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由于气田及输送环境影响,现场运行长期处于波动状态,而装置能否稳定运行与其在不同工况下的响应动作是否及时有效息息相关。为分析装置在不同开车工况下的响应特性,本文基于实验室建有的天然气脱碳循环实验装置实际运行情况进行优化研究,分析其中关键影响因素。研究结果表明,在单因素实验研究中,开车工况下不同进气流量、塔内压力以及贫液进塔温度对于吸收塔内温度场及闪蒸罐液位响应特性的影响差别不大。而对于开车工况处于较大的进气流量、较高的塔内压力、较低或较高的贫液进塔温度,其控制器响应会出现一定延迟或塔釜液位波动幅度较剧烈的情况。因此以吸收塔塔釜液位响应时间为评价指标,利用BBD设计法对各因素交互作用进行响应面分析,得到吸收压力对塔釜液位响应时间的影响极显著,并且在三种因素交互作用中,吸收压力与贫液进塔温度的交互作用对目标值的影响更为显著。 相似文献
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胺法脱碳系统最大的缺陷是再生能耗高,流程参数优化是降低再生能耗的有效途径。为了解再生操作参数对再生能耗的影响,通过再生塔实验台对醇胺吸收剂在不同再生工艺参数下的再生特性进行实验研究。实验内容包括富液CO2担载量、富液进料温度、再沸器温度、再生压强及胺的种类因素对再生能耗及再生速率的影响,并分析了显热、潜热的变化规律。应用Aspen Plus 基于速率模型对再生过程进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明:提高富液CO2担载量和富液进料温度能有效降低再生能耗。增大再沸器温度及再生压强反而增大再生能耗。一乙醇胺(MEA)再生能耗较高,混入甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)能够显著降低能耗。提高富液CO2担载量和再沸器的温度可以加快CO2再生速率。 相似文献
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It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples. 相似文献
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ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。 相似文献