纤维混凝土高温力学机理综述

先介绍了纤维混凝土的研究背景及增强机理的理论依据,然后依次阐述了孔隙水压力学说、热应力学说和热开裂学说三类纤维混凝土的高温爆裂机理并举例说明,最后得出结论:孔隙水压力学说在解释纤维混凝土高温爆裂的原因,明确混凝土发生高温爆裂的条件等方面更具有信服力;目前对纤维混凝土高温力学性能的研究多侧重于利用纤维提高混凝土基体强度,但对纤维混凝土高温下其强度稳定性以及基体耐久性的研究甚少等结论。     

火灾下纤维自密实混凝土的爆裂行为预测

基于蒸汽压力爆裂理论,采用多相多孔介质一维模型对自密实混凝土(SCC)和纤维自密实混凝土(FRSCC)内部蒸汽压力进行了预测,并对由蒸汽压力引起的混凝土爆裂行为进行了分析.为了验证模型的有效性,开展了 SCC和FRSCC火灾作用下内部蒸汽压力的测试试验,分析了钢纤维、细聚丙烯(PP)纤维、粗PP纤维以及混杂纤维对SCC内部蒸汽压力-时间-温度关系的影响规律.结果表明:纤维的掺入降低了 SCC内部的蒸汽压力,延长了峰值蒸汽压力出现的时间,降低了峰值蒸汽压力对应的温度;细PP纤维对SCC内部蒸汽压力的降低效果优于粗PP纤维,相比于PP纤维掺量,PP纤维的根数对SCC内部蒸汽压力的影响更为显著;与单掺纤维相比,混杂纤维的掺入进一步降低了 SCC内部的蒸汽压力;通过与试验结果的对比发现,多相多孔介质一维模型可以较好地预测SCC和FRSCC火灾作用下内部蒸汽压力发展过程和高温爆裂行为.     

纤维增强超高强混凝土防高温爆裂研究

对15组立方体抗压强度为116~143MPa纤维增强超高强混凝土(FRUHSC)试件,开展了ISO834火灾标准升温曲线下的高温爆裂试验,考察了水胶比、孔隙率、纤维类型及体积分数、试件尺寸对其高温爆裂的影响.结果表明:水胶比为0.15的超高强混凝土与水胶比为0.18时相比,具有更低孔隙率和更高强度,表现为爆裂程度更高;为改善常温下混凝土延性而掺入体积分数1.00%的熔抽超细型钢纤维并不能防止其高温爆裂;掺入体积分数0.15%的聚丙烯纤维可防止Φ100×200mm试件高温爆裂,并适用于Φ300×300mm试件.对水胶比为0.15、混掺体积分数为0.15%聚丙烯纤维及0.50%熔抽超细型钢纤维的超高强混凝土型钢组合柱进行高温加载试验后发现,型钢外包混凝土未发生高温爆裂,表明所建议的混掺纤维体积分数在构件受荷时可防止高温爆裂.     

高温条件下混凝土的力学性能与抗爆裂

根据近年来国内外对混凝土高温性能的试验研究,阐述了混凝土在高温下的基本力学性能,包括强度、弹性模量、应力-应变关系;从混凝土的微观结构出发,分析了混凝土在高温下的爆裂及强度损失机理;通过在混凝土中掺加纤维来减少混凝土高温后的强度损失和爆裂,经试验证明是行之有效的方法。     

隧道二衬结构纤维混凝土高温后基本性能

研究了不同种类纤维、不同温度和不同保温时间下,混凝土试件高温作用后的质量损失率、相对动弹性模量,进行了抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验,测试其残余强度,讨论了温度、保温时间和纤维种类对其高温后基本物理力学性能的影响,并分析了有机纤维改善混凝土高温后性能的机理。研究表明,高温作用后,基准混凝土性能下降较快,且温度达到700~800℃时,发生爆裂;掺入两种有机纤维都能有效降低混凝土高温作用下的爆裂。掺入有机纤维可以减少高温作用下混凝土的水分蒸发量,降低混凝土的质量损失。高温作用下,混凝土试件的劈裂抗拉强度比抗压强度下降更快。随着保温时间的延长,混凝土的强度损失明显增大。不同纤维均可以降低混凝土高温作用下的强度损失,缓解高温作用下混凝土内应力可能引起的破坏,降低爆裂的可能性。     

网状聚丙烯纤维和PVA纤维对高性能混凝土高温性能的影响

本文研究了含湿量和纤维对高性能混凝土高温爆裂和高温后残余力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,含湿量是影响高性能混凝土高温爆裂的主要因素。高性能混凝土发生爆裂的温度范围是350~450℃,爆裂的临界含湿量为63%~75%。试件含湿量越高,试件爆裂的频率和损伤程度越大。单掺体积分数为0.05%的网状聚丙烯纤维或PVA纤维即可防止高性能混凝土发生高温爆裂,纤维掺量越高,高性能混凝土高温损伤程度越小。单掺网状聚丙烯纤维和PVA纤维改善了高性能混凝土高温后残余抗压强度、残余劈拉强度和残余断裂能。     

聚丙烯纤维对高性能混凝土耐火性能影响研究综述

高性能混凝土工作性能好,耐久性好,其成本与同级高强混凝土相比更为经济,但是在火灾作用下,会产生爆裂、剥落。高性能混凝土的耐火性能是一个值得重视的问题,工程实践中往往掺入一定量有机纤维,改善高性能混凝土的耐火性能。文章分析混凝土高温爆裂机理,总结了在聚丙烯纤维对高性能混凝土的高温性能、耐久性能的影响研究成果,为深入研究聚丙烯纤维高性能混凝上的耐火性能提供参考依据。     

高温后聚丙烯纤维高强混凝土力学性能试验研究

通过对高温后聚丙烯纤维高强混凝土和素高强混凝土力学性能的试验研究,探讨了聚丙烯纤维高强混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度在不同温度下的变化规律,分析了聚丙烯纤维高强混凝土的抗爆裂机理.研究结果表明,聚丙烯纤维高强混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度随温度的升高而降低,在400℃以内降低幅度较小,400℃以后显著降低.聚丙烯纤维能够显著改善高强混凝土的抗爆裂性能.     

高强、超高强混凝土抗火性研究进展综述

回顾了国内外高强混凝土和超高强混凝土抗火性研究进展,并展望了超高强混凝土(特别是活性粉末混凝土)的下一步研究方向。高强混凝土的高温强度损失与普通混凝土基本类似,但其主要弱点是高温爆裂,可采用聚合物纤维或钢纤维予以抑制。活性粉末混凝土抗火性研究的主要目标应是抑制高温爆裂,减小乃至消除高温爆裂发生的可能性。需要进一步研究宏观断裂性能与微观结构特征,建立活性粉末混凝土抗火性改善的机理,提出确保抗火性的技术途径。     

超高性能混凝土高温后性能试验研究

通过对超高性能混凝土进行高温加热和高温作用后立方体抗压强度试验,研究了超高性能混凝土高温作用后的表观特征、质量损失及力学性能。对比了单掺钢纤维、单掺聚丙烯纤维和混掺钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂的抑制效果,考察了温度、纤维种类和掺量、骨料(石英砂和钢渣)对超高性能混凝土强度的影响。试验结果表明:混掺1%钢纤维和2%聚丙烯纤维能有效抑制超高性能混凝土高温爆裂,在高温作用后依旧保持完整形态;钢渣骨料混杂纤维超高性能混凝土具有优异的高温力学性能,在1 000℃高温作用后仍能保持67%的残余强度;随着温度的升高,超高性能混凝土立方体抗压强度整体上表现出先升高后降低的规律;在目标温度超过600℃时,高温增强了超高性能混凝土的延性。     

自密实钢管混凝土的研究与应用

采用自密实混凝土作为钢管核心混凝土．针对钢管混凝土的受力特点和施工工艺．进行自密实混凝土材料的选择和配合比优化。为了确保自密实钢管混凝土的顺利施工和硬化后良好的力学、变形性能，进行了自密实钢管混凝土与普通泵速铜管混凝土拱的现场模拟施工对比试验，以及钢管混凝土短柱的轴心受压对比试验。试验结果表明．自密实混凝土作为钢管核心混凝土，其施工性能明显优于普通泵送混凝土。在施工过程中不泌水、不离析。硬化的混凝土能在各截面上均匀分布；自密实钢管混凝土短柱的组合弹性模量、极限承载力和延性以及后期承载能力方面均与普通泵送混凝土短柱相似。在此基础上．成功地将自密实混凝土应用于莆田市一钢管混凝土拱桥工程，应用结果表明，采用自密实混凝土技术，钢管混凝土拱桥施工顺利、快捷。且更好地保证了工程质量，同时混凝土材料造价与普通泵送混凝土基本持平。     

Self compactability of high volume hybrid fiber reinforced concrete

Self compacting concrete (SCC) offers several economical and technical benefits; the use of fibers extends its possibilities. SCC is a relatively new type of concrete with high flowability and cohesiveness when compared to conventional concrete. In this article carbon and steel fibers were used in combination, and the effects of fiber inclusion on the compactability of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are studied. The effects of fibers are quantified based on the fiber volume and type of the fibers. It was concluded that in addition to the above-mentioned quantifiable properties, other properties of fibers such as strain sensing, shape, and surface roughness are also found to be important but they cannot be quantified at this stage.     

高强自密实混凝土工作性能及配合比优化研究

自密实混凝土是一种具有高工作性能的高性能混凝土。探讨了自密实混凝土工作性能的评定方法,并对掺加磨细矿渣的自密实混凝土进行了研究。通过分析磨细矿渣含量、胶凝材料总量、砂率、减水剂掺量对自密实混凝土流动性和强度的影响,配制了高工作性能和力学性能的自密实混凝土,为掺加磨细矿渣的高强自密实混凝土配合比设计提供了依据。     

Self-compacting concrete with different levels of pulverized fuel ash

This research investigated self-compacting concrete (SCC) with levels of up to 80% cement replacement by fly ash in mixes adjusted to give constant fresh concrete properties. The hardened concrete and the relationships between hardened properties were then studied.The results show that SCC with up 80% cement replaced by fly ash is possible. To keep the filling ability constant, replacement of cement with fly ash would require an increase in water/powder (W/P) ratio and a reduction in superplasticiser dosage. They also show fly ash have negative effects on passing ability, consistence retention and hardened concrete properties such as strength. The comparison between SCC and normally vibrated concrete (NVC) shows that their material properties of are similar. The successful completion of this project can lead to the use of higher volume fly ash in SCC.     

Bond and cracking properties of self-consolidating concrete

The experimental program is aimed at investigating the possible differences between bond and cracking properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and vibrated concrete (VC). Four different mechanical tests were performed: splitting test, direct axial tension test, tension member test and beam test in flexure. Moreover specific additional tests were carried out in order to study the effect of the concrete skin (i.e. the surface layer of concrete which do not have the same mechanical and physical properties as bulk concrete mostly due to the wall effect and the evaporation of water) on cracking.Tension member tests did not show any significant difference between SCC and VC in terms of transfer length irrespective of the compressive strength of the concrete. Then, bond properties of both types of concrete are similar. No significant difference between SCC and VC tensile strength was observed by using the splitting test, the direct axial tension test and the beam test. Results obtained on not sawn tension members have shown that SCC cracking load can be significantly lower (up to 40%) than VC one. This reduction in cracking load can be attributed to a lower quality of the SCC skin. If the concrete skin is removed by sawing the specimens or if the concrete skin proportion in the tension cross-section is low (as in beam tests), the cracking loads and then the tensile strength deduced are similar for SCC or VC. The structural performance of the beams cast with SCC or VC can be considered similar under service loading (deflection) or at ultimate state.     

Kugelfallrheometer zur Prüfung von Selbstverdichtendem Beton

Falling-Ball Rheometer to prove Self-Compacting Concrete Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a high-performance concrete whose performance is predicated by the flow characteristics of the fresh concrete mix. In a fresh state, SCC may be viewed as a two-phase suspension containing coarse disperse aggregates as well as a viscous mortar that, when compared to conventional concrete, achieves its specific flow characteristics through a relatively high mortar content. The selection of appropriate raw materials – particularly for manufacture of plastic mortars – are essential factors in determining the rheological properties and thus performance of the concrete. By adding organic or inorganic admixtures, or a combination thereof, one may influence the flow characteristics of the mortar. Mix design for SCC is largely dictated by the rheological properties of the fresh concrete, such that the volumetric design approach, as used for conventional concrete with a given design compressive strength, is no longer applicable. This paper reviews the possibility to optimize the viscosity of mortar by replacing cement by rock powders with the objective to design SCC with normal strength. A research investigation has been conducted, investigating the effect of rock powders on flow characteristics of mortar matrices. Self-compacting concrete requires a careful control of its flow behaviour. Fresh concrete acts as a non-Newtonian fluid. It is insufficient to describe the rheological behaviour of non-Newtonian fluids with a conventional one-point workability test. Rheological measurements are essential, to determine the flow behaviour dependent on the shear rate and to modify the mixture with the aim to achieve self-compacting properties. In order to measure the flow behaviour of SCC, the authors developed a rheometer which can be used simply.     

自密实超高强混凝土力学性能试验研究

首先对自密实混凝土的定义及优点作了简介,并列举了几篇国内外关于自密实混凝土的基本力学性能、自密实混凝土与振捣混凝土力学性能的比较以及掺入超细粉煤灰和超塑化剂对自密实混凝土性能的改善。随后,作者通过试验的方法对自密实混凝土的基本力学性能做了研究,并比较了圆柱体抗压强度与劈拉强度、圆柱体抗压强度与弹性模量以及三者与混凝土密度之间的关系。     

Effect of microlimestone on properties of self-consolidating concrete with manufactured sand and mineral admixture

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) with manufactured sand (MSCC) is crucial to guarantee the quality of concrete construction technology and the associated property. The properties of MSCC with different microlimestone powder (MLS) replacements of retreated manufactured sand (TMsand) are investigated in this study. The result indicates that high-performance SCC, made using TMsand (TMSCC), achieved high workability, good mechanical properties, and durability by optimizing MLS content and adding fly ash and silica fume. In particular, the TMSCC with 12% MLS content exhibits the best workability, and the TMSCC with 4% MLS content has the highest strength in the late age, which is even better than that of SCC made with the river sand (Rsand). Though MLS content slightly affects the hydration reaction of cement and mainly plays a role in the nucleation process in concrete structures compared to silica fume and fly ash, increasing MLS content can evidently have a significant impact on the early age hydration progress. TMsand with MLS content ranging from 8% to 12% may be a suitable alternative for the Rsand used in the SCC as fine aggregate. The obtained results can be used to promote the application of SCC made with manufactured sand and mineral admixtures for concrete-based infrastructure.     

Prediction of compressive strength of SCC and HPC with high volume fly ash using ANN

An artificial neural network (ANN) is presented to predict a 28-day compressive strength of a normal and high strength self compacting concrete (SCC) and high performance concrete (HPC) with high volume fly ash. The ANN is trained by the data available in literature on normal volume fly ash because data on SCC with high volume fly ash is not available in sufficient quantity. Further, while predicting the strength of HPC the same data meant for SCC has been used to train in order to economise on computational effort. The compressive strengths of SCC and HPC as well as slump flow of SCC estimated by the proposed neural network are validated by experimental results.     

Effect of Grade of Concrete on the Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Beams Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new generation concrete that consolidates without any external effort. Due to its advantages over the conventional concrete, the usage of SCC increases day by day. Understanding the behaviour of SCC is important in the design of structures subjected to elevated temperature. A study was carried out to understand the behaviour of SCC beams of various grades exposed to elevated temperatures under flexural loading. The beams were exposed to a temperature of 900°C. The heated specimens were cooled either by air or water. The research work was carried out for different grades of concrete. It is found from the results that the loss of strength of SCC beams of higher grades was more than that of the lower grade SCC beams. It was also found that the reduction in compressive, tensile and flexural strength of the specimens depends on type of heating and cooling conditions.