高韧性过渡层对大气等离子喷涂热障涂层性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

高温服役环境下,大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备的纳米结构热障涂层受热应力作用,黏结层/陶瓷层界面附近的陶瓷层内部易形成横向裂纹而导致热障涂层失效。利用常规大气等离子喷涂和超音速等离子喷涂(SAPS)制备8YSZ高韧性过渡层。结果表明,采用APS和SAPS制备的高韧性过渡层提高了扁平化粒子间结合状态和涂层致密度,相比常规结构8YSZ涂层的断裂韧性分别提高约46%和84%,高韧性过渡层均提高了复合结构热障涂层结合强度、抗热震性能和燃气热冲击寿命,SAPS制备的高韧性过渡层厚度为30~50μm时复合结构热障涂层抗热震性能最优,当高韧性过渡层厚度为10~30μm时,相比常规结构热障涂层燃气热冲击寿命提高120%。在温度梯度作用下,热障涂层最终失效由陶瓷层逐层剥落转变为靠近陶瓷层/黏结层界面处剥落。通过高韧性过渡层设计,兼顾热障涂层的隔热性能的同时,提高了热障涂层的结合强度和寿命。     

不同厚度8YSZ热障涂层的结构及性能表征

目的探究厚度变化对8YSZ热障涂层结构、力学性能以及抗热震性能的影响。方法通过超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)和大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)分别制备了Ni CoCrAlTaY粘结层和厚度为500μm、1.0mm、1.5mm的8YSZ陶瓷涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对喷涂粉末和涂层的形貌、物相进行了表征,借助显微硬度计和万能材料试验机分别考察了涂层的硬度和结合强度,最后采用水淬法对涂层的抗热震性能进行了测试。结果不同厚度的8YSZ涂层均由非平衡的四方相(t′-YSZ)组成,且断面呈现出明显的层状结构。随着厚度的增加,涂层中逐渐产生了明显的网状纵向裂纹和边缘界面裂纹。涂层的表面和截面显微硬度都不随厚度的增加而发生显著变化,并且所制备的涂层在整个截面上的显微硬度都比较均匀。涂层的结合强度随着涂层厚度的增加而显著降低。热震试验过程中,三种厚度涂层皆以界面开裂的形式失效,且厚度越大的涂层热震寿命越短。结论 8YSZ热障涂层的厚度变化对其微观形貌、结合强度以及抗热震性能皆有显著影响,而对涂层的物相组成以及显微硬度无明显影响。     

粘结层和陶瓷层厚度对纳米结构热障涂层性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂+大气等离子喷涂工艺,在K403高温合金表面制备不同层厚比的NiCrA-lY/纳米7YSZ热障涂层,研究了涂层厚度变化对热障涂层表面粗糙度、结合强度、热震性能和热循环寿命的影响规律。结果表明:当粘结层厚度一定时,随着陶瓷层厚度的增加,其表面粗糙度增加,涂层结合强度下降;当粘结层厚度为50μm时,热障涂层的抗热震性能随陶瓷层厚度增加而降低,粘结层厚度提高至100μm时,热障涂层的抗热震性能随陶瓷层厚度增加先提高,后降低,热障涂层在1100℃的热循环寿命测试结果也基本对应这一规律;当粘结层厚50μm且陶瓷层/粘结层的层厚比在(1～2)∶1的范围内,或者粘结层厚100μm且陶瓷层/粘结层的层厚比在(2～2.5)∶1范围内时,热障涂层具有较优异的性能。     

PS-PVD制备锆酸钆热障涂层及其性能研究

目的 采用等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)工艺制备出柱状结构完整、力学性能优异的锆酸钆热障涂层.方法 以纳米团聚的8YSZ、Gd2Zr2O7(GZO)及(Gd0.9Yb0.1)2Zr2O7(GYbZ)粉末为原料,采用PS-PVD工艺在镍基高温合金表面分别制备单层GZO涂层、GZO/YSZ双层结构涂层及GYbZ/YSZ双层结构涂层.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析等检测手段,表征了热障涂层的相组成、微观结构及化学成分变化.采用纳米压痕试验仪测试了涂层的力学性能.采用电子万能试验机测试涂层的结合强度.结果 GZO涂层与GYbZ涂层均为缺陷萤石相,涂层均呈现典型的羽毛柱状结构,且柱晶间隙存在大量的未熔粒子.在制备过程中,单层GZO涂层便出现了剥落,双陶瓷层结构中的GZO涂层未剥落但内部存在大量微裂纹,而Yb掺杂的GZO涂层((Gd0.9Yb0.1)2Zr2O7,GYbZ)内无裂纹存在;和GZO涂层相比,GYbZ涂层具有更高的硬度(5.4 GPa)、杨氏模量(111.6 GPa)和结合强度(41.3 MPa).结论 采用现有的PS-PVD工艺参数,成功制备出柱状结构的单层GZO涂层、GZO/YSZ及GYbZ/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层,YSZ作为中间过渡层能改善GZO涂层与粘结层的热膨胀不匹配,而Yb元素的加入,可以有效提高GZO涂层的硬度和结合强度,但同时也会造成涂层的杨氏模量升高.     

YAG/8YSZ双陶瓷热障涂层等温氧化性能研究

本文对比研究了YAG/8YSZ双陶瓷和8YSZ单陶瓷热障涂层体系的抗高温氧化性能。采用爆炸喷涂(D-GUN)在310S耐热不锈钢基体上制备粘结层(NiCoCrAlY),用大气等离子喷涂(APS)分别在粘结层试样上制备YAG/8YSZ双陶瓷和8YSZ单陶瓷热障涂层,利用SEM和XRD分析涂层氧化前后截面与表面特征,对比研究2种热障涂层体系在1100 ℃等温氧化不同时间后的氧化增重动力学、YAG陶瓷层微观结构与物相及TGO生长过程和生长动力学。结果表明,YAG陶瓷层在1100 ℃等温氧化200 h后无明显相结构转变,孔隙率稍有降低;YAG/8YSZ双陶瓷层体系较8YSZ单陶瓷层体系氧化增重速率降低1.7倍,TGO生长速率降低1.4倍,粘结层β-NiAl相消耗速度及岛状氧化物生长速度更低,表现出更好的抗高温氧化性能。     

等离子喷涂Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层结构优化与热力耦合模拟计算

目的研究不同结构参数对Mo/8YSZ热障涂层系统残余应力的影响因素。方法设计Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层,并利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了等离子喷涂Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层的数值模型,模型中考虑了材料热物理性能参数随温度变化,研究粘结层、过渡层及陶瓷层厚度对Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层残余应力的影响规律。结果随着径向距离的增大,粘结层与陶瓷层界面的残余应力逐渐由压应力变为拉应力,并且在涂层边缘位置,径向残余拉应力达到最大值。在0~12 mm路径范围内的同一位置,伴随着陶瓷层厚度的增加,粘结层与陶瓷层界面位置的轴向残余应力无明显变化,且轴向残余应力的数值几乎为0;在6~12.5 mm路径范围内的同一位置,伴随着陶瓷层厚度的增加,其剪切残余应力逐渐增大。在基体与粘结层界面边缘0.5 mm处存在着与其他位置相比更大的应力突变。粘结层与陶瓷层的厚度参数比控制在4∶10~4∶13时,涂层具有最低的热失配。过渡层与陶瓷层的厚度参数比控制在1∶4时,涂层具有最低的热失配。当功能梯度热障涂层的过渡层采用50%Mo与50%8YSZ复合而成时,将粘结层、过渡层及陶瓷层三者的厚度比值控制在16∶10∶40~16∶13∶52,涂层具有最低的热失配。结论通过设计功能梯度热障涂层,并合理调控热障涂层系统的结构参数,可进一步减小喷涂构件的残余应力和应力突变情况,提升基体与涂层的结合强度。     

Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings Made of Different Shapes of ZrO2-7wt%Y2O3 Powders

大气等离子喷涂ZrO2-7%Y2O3 (7YSZ, Y2O3为质量分数)热障涂层广泛用于航空发动机热端部件以提高金属基体的抗腐蚀、耐高温、抗冲蚀等性能。采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)以NiCoCrAlYTa粉为原料在高温合金K4169基体上制备了粘结层,通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)分别以团聚、空心7YSZ粉为原料在粘结层上制备了陶瓷面层。使用扫描电镜(SEM)和工业电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术 (ICT)对团聚、空心粉热障涂层的微观结构进行观察分析,然后再对以上 2 种热障涂层的抗氧化、热震、结合、隔热等热物性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明：空心粉热障涂层陶瓷层中存在大量的微孔和裂纹;热障涂层陶瓷层中不同孔隙率对粘结层高温抗氧化性能没有明显的影响,但它有助于提高热障涂层的热震性能和隔热性能;此外,高的涂层孔隙率会导致空心粉热障涂层的结合强度低于团聚粉热障涂层     

CoNiCrAlY黏结层结构设计及其对热障涂层结合强度和抗热震性能的影响

目的 设计热障涂层黏结层结构,改善涂层结合强度和抗热震性能。方法 制备了5种结构的CoNiCrAlY黏结层,即超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)底层+等离子喷涂(APS)上层的双层结构黏结层试样,对其进行1 050℃真空热处理3 h后的试样,APS黏结层试样,HVOF黏结层试样及其真空热处理试样。再在以上5种试样表面制备Y₂O₃部分稳定ZrO₂(YSZ)陶瓷层,研究黏结层的表面粗糙度、相组成、微观组织结构及其对涂层试样结合强度、热震性能的影响。结果 制备态的黏结层由γ/γ’和β-NiAl两相组成,真空热处理后β相含量增多,表面粗糙度下降。在所有涂层试样中,双黏结层的涂层试样的结合强度最低,为28.43 MPa;对其真空热处理后得到的涂层试样的结合强度最高,达到39.42 MPa,主要原因在于热处理促进了两黏结层之间的扩散,提高了界面强度。双黏结层的涂层试样的抗热震性能最好,200次热震后涂层无明显剥落,而APS黏结层的涂层试样的抗热震性能最差,涂层抗热震性能的差异在于黏结层微观结构的不同。结论 双黏结层的结构设计综合了APS、H...     

团聚及空心ZrO_2-7%Y_2O_3热障涂层性能（英文）

大气等离子喷涂ZrO2-7%Y2O3(7YSZ,Y2O3为质量分数)热障涂层广泛用于航空发动机热端部件以提高金属基体的抗腐蚀、耐高温、抗冲蚀等性能。采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)以NiCoCrAlYTa粉为原料在高温合金K4169基体上制备了粘结层,通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)分别以团聚、空心7YSZ粉为原料在粘结层上制备了陶瓷面层。使用扫描电镜(SEM)和工业电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术(ICT)对团聚、空心粉热障涂层的微观结构进行观察分析,然后再对以上2种热障涂层的抗氧化、热震、结合、隔热等热物性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明:空心粉热障涂层陶瓷层中存在大量的微孔和裂纹;热障涂层陶瓷层中不同孔隙率对粘结层高温抗氧化性能没有明显的影响,但它有助于提高热障涂层的热震性能和隔热性能;此外,高的涂层孔隙率会导致空心粉热障涂层的结合强度低于团聚粉热障涂层。     

热喷涂纳米结构La_2Zr_2O_7(LZ)/8YSZ双陶瓷热障涂层

为了满足发动机以及涡轮机越来越高的性能要求,双陶瓷热障涂层逐渐取代单陶瓷层的8YSZ涂层,成为可以长期使用温度高于1 200℃的新型陶瓷涂层。采用等离子喷涂方法制备了La2Zr2O7(LZ)/8YSZ双陶瓷热障涂层,并同时制备了微米结构和纳米结构的单层8YSZ陶瓷涂层作为对比。通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了粉体喂料和涂层的组织结构。采用对偶拉伸试验法、水淬方法和日本工业标准等研究了涂层的结合强度、隔热效果、热震行为以及高温抗氧化行为。结果表明,与单层的8YSZ陶瓷层相比,双陶瓷型n-LZ/8YSZ涂层的隔热效果提高了35%,热震次数增加了一倍,热氧化失效时间延长了100多小时,具有较佳的隔热效果、抗热震性能以及抗高温氧化性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.