Co-Ni合金的马氏体转变特性和形状记忆效应

研究了Co-Ni合金的形状记忆效应(SEM)和马氏体转变动力学。发现形状记忆效应随着Ni含量的增加而下降，并且与原有ε马氏体含量成正比。这表明Co-Ni合金的形状记忆效应与原有ε马氏体片的聚集有关。α→←ε之间的热循环处理增加了ε马氏体的含量，并且随着循环次数的增加，形状记忆效应增大。Co-Ni合金的马氏体相变动力学可以表达为：Y=1-exp[-0．00526(Ms-25)]其中Y为ε马氏体的体积分数，Ms为马氏体转变起始温度(℃)。     

Co-Ni合金的马氏体转变特性和形状记忆效应

研究了Co_Ni合金的形状记忆效应 (SEM)和马氏体转变动力学。发现形状记忆效应随着Ni含量的增加而下降 ,并且与原有ε马氏体含量成正比。这表明Co_Ni合金的形状记忆效应与原有ε马氏体片的聚集有关。α ε之间的热循环处理增加了ε马氏体的含量 ,并且随着循环次数的增加 ,形状记忆效应增大。Co_Ni合金的马氏体相变动力学可以表达为 :Y =1 -exp[- 0 .0 0 5 2 6 (Ms- 2 5 ) ],其中Y为ε马氏体的体积分数 ,Ms 为马氏体转变起始温度 (℃ )。     

Cu-11.1Al-6.5Mn-1.6Zn-0.1Zr形状记忆合金的母相时效效应及其机理研究

研究了母相时效对Cu-11．1Al-6．5Mn-1．6Zn-0．1Zr合金形状记忆效应的影响，应用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等分析了时效过程中该合金相变、组织形态、晶体结构等变化。结果表明：在300℃以下温度时效，Cu-11．1Al-6．5Mn-1．6Zn-0．1Zr合金具有较强的形状记忆稳定性，当时效温度超过350℃时，因发生共析转变(β→α γ2)，使其形状记忆效应显著降低。     

Ni—Ti形状记忆合金增强的铝基复合材料

采用粉末冶金方法可将Ni-Ti形状记忆合金(SMA)添加到铝基体中，利用Ni-Ti SMA的形状记忆效应强化基体材料，提高基体材料的抗疲劳性能。1 颗粒强化机理将Ni-Ti SMA粉末弥散于铝基体中，制成复合材料，急冷到马氏体相变温度以下(大约低20℃)，在Ni-Ti颗粒中就会生成马氏体相，再将复合材料进行10%的冷轧变形。由于Ni-Ti中的马氏体相和铝基体相比，具有较低的屈服强度和模量，因此，在冷轧过程中Ni-Ti颗粒也会变形。当把复合材料再加热到奥氏体相变温度以上时，Ni-Ti颗粒发生相变，出现形状记忆效应，并且回复到形变前的原始形状。…     

热处理对激冷Ti-50Ni合金薄带相变和形状记忆行为的影响

用甩带法制备了Ti-50Ni形状记忆合金薄带,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、示差扫描量热仪和弯曲试验研究了Ti-50Ni合金薄带的相组成、显微组织、相变行为和形状记忆效应。结果表明,铸态和400~600℃退火态Ti-50Ni合金薄带的显微组织形态呈树枝状,由马氏体相B19'和母相B2组成,加热/冷却过程中发生A→R→M/M→R→A(A-母相,R-R相,M-马氏体)二阶可逆相变。随退火温度升高,Ti-50Ni合金薄带的相组成和显微组织形态变化不大;马氏体逆相变温度T_A、R正相变温度T_R、R逆相变温度T_(Rr)和马氏体相变热滞ΔT_M升高,马氏体正相变温度T_M下降,R相变热滞ΔT_R缓慢降低;M逆相变峰向高温移动,逐渐与R逆相变峰合并。铸态和退火态Ti-50Ni合金薄带皆具有良好的形状记忆效应。     

单程和双程TiNi形状记忆合金的相变行为

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了具有单程和双程形状记忆效应的近等原子比 TiNi 合金的相变行为。结果表明,在降温过程中,单程和双程记忆合金的相变行为分别为B_2→M 和B_2→R→R+M。R 相变属于一级相变,它不是予马氏体,而是和双程记忆效应相关的。     

马氏体相变研究的进展(二)

概述对马氏体相变基本特征认识的进程，以及与马氏体相变密切相关的形状记忆材料的发展。对马氏体相变热力学、动力学、晶体学、形核-长大、非线性物理模型以及形状记忆效应、伪弹性和伪滞弹性研究进展作了总结。对马氏体相变的继续研究和应用作了展望。     

Cu—Zn—Al形状记忆合金在马氏体状态的塑性变形

采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、电阻和膨胀方法研究了三种Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金在马氏体状态的塑性变形对马氏体转变温度、相变过程及转变循环滞后的影响。其中两种合金相变温度较高,在室温下即为马氏体状态。第三种合金A_f温度远低于室温。讨论了“第一次循环效应”的可能机制。     

形变退火态Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Nb合金的相变和形状记忆行为

用XRD、光学显微镜、示差扫描量热仪和拉伸实验研究退火温度(t_a)对冷拉Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Nb(摩尔分数,%)合金组织、相变和形状记忆行为的影响。结果表明:350～700℃退火态Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Nb合金由马氏体M(B19′,单斜结构)和母相A(B2,Cs Cl型结构)组成。随t_a升高,合金组织形貌由纤维状变为等轴状,再结晶温度约为580℃;合金冷却/加热相变类型由A→R→M/M→R→A型向A→R→M/M→A型向A→M/M→A型转变(R-R相,菱方结构),R相变温度降低,M相变温度和热滞先升高后降低,R相变热滞为6.7～9.8℃。350～550℃退火态合金的抗拉强度高于600～700℃退火态合金的,伸长率则远低于后者的。400～550℃退火态合金呈形状记忆效应,350℃退火态和600℃及以上温度退火态合金呈超弹性。随应力-应变循环次数增加,合金应力-应变曲线的平台应力下降。400～550℃退火态合金的形状记忆效应和600℃及以上温度退火态合金的超弹性稳定性良好。     

形状记忆不锈钢

新近开发成功的ＦｅＭｎＳｉＣｒＮｉ形状记忆不锈钢具有良好的形状记忆效应 ,同时还具有很好的力学性能、机加工性、焊接性和耐蚀性 ,而且是这类功能材料之中最廉价的合金。形状记忆不锈钢具有低的堆垛层错能 ,其形状记忆效应涉及到应力诱发的面心立方奥氏体 (γ)向密排六方ε 马氏体的相转变及其在加热时的逆转变。其形状记忆效应的先决条件就在于能直接引起ε 马氏体形成的宽的堆垛层错。因此 ,可以通过以下措施来改善这种形状记忆不锈钢的形状记忆效应 ;降低堆垛层错能 ;提高奥氏体基体的屈服应力 ;减低马氏体相变的临界应力 ;避免不同…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.