回火温度对42CrMo高强钢应力腐蚀断裂行为的影响

研究了回火温度对高强度42CrMo 钢应力腐蚀断裂行为的影响。结果表明,在淬火态和低温回火态.均为沿晶断裂.K_(ISCC)很低;当回火温度高于300℃后,K_(ISSCC)随回火温度升高而显著早升,断裂方式从沿晶型过渡为穿晶韧窝和沿晶的混合型。俄歇能谱和电镜分析表明,该钢的应力腐蚀断裂行为主要决定于碳比物的分布。在淬火态和低温回火态,碳化物主要分布于原奥氏体晶界,导致沿晶断裂和 K_(ISCC)值很低。较高温度回火后,晶界上碳化物的聚集粗化和晶粒内部碳化物的大量析出,导致了断裂方式由沿晶型向混合型转化和 K_(ISCC)的明显升高。     

淬火温度对低合金耐蚀27CrMo48VNb钢油井管组织的影响

通过系列温度淬火试验对低合金耐蚀27CrMo48VNb钢油井管进行热处理,并采用光学显微镜和透射电镜对不同温度淬火后组织、原奥氏体晶粒以及析出相进行了观察,研究了淬火温度对试验钢组织、晶粒尺寸和析出相的影响。结果表明,试验钢淬火后形成了马氏体组织。随着淬火温度升高,淬火后马氏体组织和原奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增加。当淬火温度为890~1000 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,晶粒尺寸增加较小;当淬火温度超过1000 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,原奥氏体晶粒显著粗化。组织和原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的变化趋势与高温析出相溶解析出行为有关。试验钢的淬火温度应控制在890~1000 ℃。     

钢显微组织对应力腐蚀抗力的影响

本文研究了两种矿用圆环链专用钢23MnNiCrMo64和20MnVK,经淬火、不同温度回火后的应力腐蚀应力强度因子门槛值K_(ISCC),并进行了组织和断口的电子显微分析。结果表明,随回火温度提高,K_(ISCC)上升;K_(ISCC)与K_(IC)有大致相同的变化趋向。在回火脆区间,K_(ISCC)值出現低谷。造成这一现象的原因是,回火温度的变化造成了钢显微组织的变化,特别是析出相的增加和铁素体的回复,是钢应力腐蚀敏感性降低的主要原因,回火脆区间较高的应力腐蚀敏感性,主要是由于晶界弱化因素与氢的陷阱捕获     

淬火温度对20CrNi2Mo钢拉伸性能的影响

通过SEM、室温拉伸试验分析了20CrNi2Mo钢经900~1200℃淬火+200 ℃回火后的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明：随淬火温度的升高,20CrNi2Mo钢原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,强度和硬度降低,塑性有所增加。不同淬火温度下,马氏体板条间均会形成一层很薄的残留奥氏体薄膜,而且随淬火温度的提高,薄膜的分岔和弥散分布特征更加明显。拉伸断裂方式为韧性断裂,且放射区韧窝尺寸随淬火温度升高而增大。     

淬火温度对20CrNi2Mo钢力学性能的影响

通过SEM、室温拉伸试验分析了20CrNi2Mo钢经900~1200℃淬火+200℃回火后的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:随淬火温度的升高,20CrNi2Mo钢原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,强度和硬度降低,塑性有所增加。不同淬火温度下,马氏体板条间均会形成一层很薄的残留奥氏体薄膜,而且随淬火温度的提高,薄膜的分岔和弥散分布特征更加明显。拉伸断裂方式为韧性断裂,且放射区韧窝尺寸随淬火温度升高而增大。     

高强韧工程机械用钢Q690D的淬火工艺优化

通过全自动相变仪、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等,研究880~1100 ℃淬火温度对30 mm厚Q690D钢显微组织、原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸、-20 ℃低温冲击性能和冲击断口形貌的影响。结果表明,当淬火温度低于950 ℃时,试验钢奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸小于10 μm,随着淬火温度的升高,Nb、V、Ti微合金碳化物溶入奥氏体量增加,-20 ℃低温冲击吸收能量逐渐升高;当淬火温度由950 ℃升高至1100 ℃,随着奥氏体晶粒快速长大,试验钢-20 ℃冲击吸收能量由最大值150 J降低至19 J;Q690D钢的最佳淬火工艺为950 ℃×20 min,水冷。     

淬火工艺及Nb元素对30MnB5钢原奥氏体晶粒度的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM),研究了淬火工艺及Nb元素对30MnB5钢的原奥氏体晶粒度的影响。结果表明:含Nb的30MnB5钢在淬火温度860~920 ℃,保温时间不超过60 min时,原奥氏体晶粒度具有良好的稳定性;当淬火温度达到950 ℃时,保温时间超过30 min后,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着保温时间增长逐渐变大;因此,淬火温度低于950 ℃时,Nb元素对30MnB5钢热处理过程中原奥氏体晶粒生长具有抑制作用;当淬火温度达到1000 ℃时,Nb元素仅在30 min以内对原奥氏体晶粒生长有轻微抑制作用,当淬火保温时间超过60 min时,Nb元素完全失去对原奥氏体晶粒生长的抑制作用。     

淬火温度对GE1014超高强度钢组织及性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等分析方法,研究了淬火温度对GE1014超高强度钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢的抗拉强度随淬火温度的升高先逐渐升高,随后降低,并且在925 ℃达到峰值2112 MPa,规定塑性延伸强度则呈现随淬火温度的升高小幅降低的趋势,试验钢的断面收缩率和U型冲击性能均随淬火温度的升高缓慢升高,在950 ℃附近出现降低趋势;试验钢的原始奥氏体晶粒和马氏体块的尺寸都随着淬火温度的升高而长大,当淬火温度超过925 ℃时,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸快速粗化,而马氏体块尺寸则全程长大缓慢;850~925 ℃范围内,基体中的残留奥氏体含量随着淬火温度的升高而显著降低;淬火温度低于900 ℃时,试验钢中存在球状富Mo型M₆C碳化物,淬火温度升高至900 ℃未观察到未溶相。     

淬火温度对新型齿轮钢组织及力学性能的影响

通过SEM、TEM和XRD分析,结合拉伸试验、断裂韧度试验和硬度测试,研究了淬火温度对新型齿轮钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,经850～1050℃淬火+深冷+回火,试验钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度和洛氏硬度均随着淬火温度的升高先升高后逐渐降低,在900℃时分别达到峰值,此时抗拉强度为1483 MPa,断裂韧度则在淬火温度为1000℃时达到最高,为62.4 MPa·m^1/2。淬火温度低于1000℃时,试验钢的晶界及马氏体板条上存在富Mo型M₆C碳化物,碳化物随淬火温度的升高逐渐溶解,在1000℃时未再观察到未溶相。试验钢的原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的升高先缓慢增大,当温度超过1000℃时,原始奥氏体晶粒及组织快速粗化,断裂韧度和断面收缩率也出现大幅度降低。     

13Cr超级马氏体不锈钢的组织

采用TEM、SEM等研究13Cr超级马氏体不锈钢不同热处理后的的显微组织。结果表明,试验用钢淬火后的组织为板条马氏体。800、850、900、950、1000、1050和1100℃淬火后试样原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸为16.8～56.88μm;随淬火温度的升高原始奥氏体晶粒逐渐长大,马氏体板条束逐渐粗大。不同温度淬火650℃回火,A钢和B钢的组织均为保留原马氏体位相的细小回火马氏体。试样在1050℃淬火并在不同温度回火后有逆变奥氏体产生,在650℃以下回火时随着回火温度的升高和保温时间的延长逆变奥氏体含量逐渐增多,且回火后逆变奥氏体主要以长条状及菱形状分布于马氏体板条束间及奥氏体晶界处。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.