几种常见的纳米材料及其在生物传感器中的研究进展

该文对电化学生物传感器及纳米材料进行了简单的概述,并对几种常见的纳米材料近年来在电化学生物传感器中的应用研究进行了介绍,还对今后的工作进行了展望。     

纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用进展

生物传感技术结合了信息技术与生物技术,涉及化学、生物学、物理学以及电子学等交叉学科.在医药工业、食品检测和环境保护等诸多领域有着广阔的应用前景.其中电化学生物传感器以其高选择性、高灵敏度、高检测速度和易于微型化以及便于在线监测等特点得到广泛研究和应用.其研制过程中的一个关键因素是生物分子的固定化.纳米技术的兴起为此带来无穷想象和诸多可能.近年来.越来越多的纳米材料如纳米颗粒、碳纳米管、纳米多孔材料和介孔材料等,被用于生物组分的固定.在保持固定化生物组分活性的同时又促进有效的电子转移.按照结构的不同类别,综述了近十年来纳米材料在电化学生物传感器方面的研究和应用进展.     

纳米金属/金属氧化物在电化学传感器中的应用进展

纳米金属/金属氧化物广泛应用于化学传感器,这类纳米材料与功能聚合物、酶等结合,使电化学传感器的性能得到大幅度提高.综述了金属/金属氧化物纳米材料在电化学传感器的应用进展.     

业界动态

纳米材料增强酶生物传感器研究取得新进展,国际知名媒体重点报导在国家自然科学基金支持下,中科院理化技术研究所的一个研究小组在纳米增强的酶生物传感器研究方面取得重要进展,最近被国际电化学与传感器领域影响因子排名第一的《生物传感器与生物电子学》重点报导。     

纳米电化学传感及相关思考

论文讲述了两个部分的工作:一是对于纳米电化学传感的一些思考;二是对其所在课题组在纳米电化学传感方面的一些工作简介.纳米电化学传感可能可从多个层面进行考虑:(1)传统概念上的纳米传感;(2)纳米材料的应用;(3)超分子概念;(4)Lab-in-a-cell等.这里传统概念上的纳米传感主要指电化学传感器的大小尺寸应该在纳米定义范围内(0.1～100 nm),例如各种固体纳米电极,玻璃纳米管,以及独立或阵列型碳或其它材料的纳米管作为电化学电极.     

纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用

将纳米材料应用于新型生物传感器的开发已成为研究热点。纳米材料的引入,拓宽了线性检测范围,缩短了响应时间,提高了稳定性,并降低了检测限等,实现了改善传感器性能的目的。概述了纳米颗粒、纳米纤维、纳米超薄膜等在酶、免疫、DNA等生物传感器中的应用,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

纳米技术在生物传感器及检测中的应用

纳米生物技术是纳米技术与生物技术交叉渗透形成的新技术,是纳米技术的重要组成部分,也是将来生物医学领域中的一个重要发展方向.纳米颗粒是生物医学中研究最多、应用最广的纳米材料,有着许多独特的性质.本文叙述了近年来国际上以纳米颗粒为基础的纳米技术在生物传感器及生物检测中的研究成果和进展,介绍了纳米颗粒的制备方法,以及它们在纳米生物传感器和纳米生物芯片中的应用,结合纳米病原微生物检测也介绍了我们进行的有关免疫传感器检测细菌的研究成果.最后,对该领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

一氧化氮电化学传感器研究进展

一氧化氮(NO)的诸多检测方法中,电化学传感法因具有灵敏度高、操作简便、检测快速等优点而备受关注.近年来,NO电化学传感器的研究进展主要集中于新型NO敏感功能材料的制备、表征及其应用.敏感功能材料主要包括碳纳米材料、金属及金属氧化物纳米颗粒、过渡金属配合物和导电聚合物四大类.将这些敏感功能材料进行归纳总结,对于新型高性能NO电化学传感器的研发具有重要的指导意义.     

基于生物固定基质的电化学生物传感器研究

为了保持生物分子的生物活性并且能够给出检测所需的电化学输出信号,研究者发展了多种具有良好生物相容性的生物固定基质,包括水凝胶,有机-无机复合物衍生的溶胶-凝胶以及脂膜等,并将其引入电化学生物传感器。研究表明,这些生物基质的应用大大提高了电化学生物传感器的性能并拓宽了电化学生物传感器的应用范围。     

基于纳米材料的电化学生物传感器研究进展

该文主要从纳米尺寸材料电极的构建以及纳米材料作为生物分子指示剂两部分展开讨论,描述了依赖于阵列纳米管排列的生物分子与电极间的直接电子传递,纳米管、纳米颗粒为基质的纳米电极的构建,以及以金纳米颗粒、DNA量子点和蛋白为基础的多路分析技术与负载于CNT的新的纳米生物标记,特别讨论了纳米电化学方法在检测DNA和免疫传感器领域取得的研究进展.     

电化学生物传感器的研究进展

电化学生物传感器将生物活性识别材料与电化学检测器件有机结合起来,广泛应用于临床医学、药物和食品分析与环境监测等领域。与其他电化学传感器相比,电化学生物传感器具有特异性好、检测灵敏度高和制作简便等优点。文章重点介绍了电化学生物传感器的基本原理、分类、研究进展及其在生物医学领域中的应用,并对电化学生物传感器的发展前景进行展望。     

信号放大策略在电化学适体传感器中的应用进展

电化学适体传感器通过测定适体与目标物作用前后电化学信号的变化来实现对目标分析物的定量检测,具有操作简单、响应快速、灵敏度高、选择性好等优点。为进一步提高传感器的灵敏度,增强检测信号成为研究者们在构建电化学适体传感器中常用的手段。通过纳米材料、生物及化学等方法放大传感器界面的响应信号,能特异性地提高检测信号,降低噪音信号,对于提高传感器的灵敏度具有十分重要的意义。该文简要介绍了电化学适体传感器的原理,重点评述了近十年来信号放大技术在电化学适体传感器方面的研究和应用进展。     

Electrochemical performance of a DNA-based sensor device for detecting toxic algae

This work illustrates the electrochemical performance of a DNA-based sensor device for detecting toxic algae. This biosensor uses an electrochemical detection of the species in a sandwich hybridisation. A thiol (biotin) labelled capture probe was immobilized onto gold (carbon) electrodes. Synthetic positive control DNA was applied to the sensor and allowed to hybridize to the capture probe. A signal probe with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) label was then applied, followed by an antibody to the HRP and a substrate. The electrical signal obtained from the redox reaction was proportional to the amount of DNA applied to the biosensor, which in turn would be proportional to the number of cells harvested when applied to real samples. Optimization of the hybridization process was already achieved in a previous work. Elucidation of the different steps of the fabrication process from the electrochemical point of view, proof of concept with different algal species and evaluation of the influence of the transducer platform geometry and material in the biosensor analytical performance are the main achievements reported here.     

Nanotubes-/nanowires-based,microfluidic-integrated transistors for detecting biomolecules

Nanotubes and nanowires have sparked considerable interest in biosensing applications due to their exceptional charge transport properties and size compatibility with biomolecules. Among the various biosensing methodologies incorporating these nanostructured materials in their sensing platforms, liquid-gated field-effect transistors (LGFETs)-based device configurations outperform the conventional electrochemical measurements by their ability in providing label free, direct electronic read-out, and real-time detection. Together with integration of a microfluidic channel into the device architecture, nanotube- or nanowires-based LGFET biosensor have demonstrated promising potential toward the realization of truly field-deployable self-contained lab-on-chip devices, which aim to complement the existing lab-based methodologies. This review addresses the recent advances in microfluidic-integrated carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires-based LGFET biosensors inclusive of nanomaterials growth, device fabrication, sensing mechanisms, and interaction of biomolecules with nanotubes and nanowires. Design considerations, factors affecting sensing performance and sensitivity, amplification and multiplexing strategies are also detailed to provide a comprehensive understanding of present biosensors and future sensor systems development.     

Preparation and characterization of multifunctional polypyrrole–Au coated NiO nanocomposites and study of their electrocatalysis toward several important bio-thiols

Polypyrrole (PPy) and Au were co-deposited onto the surface of NiO nanoparticles to prepare multifunctional nanocomposites for electroanalysis applications. It is proposed that each component in NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposites plays a great role on their electrocatalytical performance where conductive PPy helps to immobilize the nanocomposites onto the electrode surface due to its outstanding adherence ability, NiO does to mediate the oxidation of thiols through the redox couple of Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH, and Au does to the electron transfer of nanocomposites and the redox transformation between Ni(OH)₂ and NiOOH due to its high conductivity. The obtained NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The obtained NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposites could be easily immobilized onto the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. They exhibit excellent electrochemical property for the redox couple Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH and high electrocatalytical oxidation toward some typical and important biological thiols such as cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione. Cysteine could be selectively detected at the applied potential of 0.15 V where the interfering of homocysteine and glutathione is somewhat low. The NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposite modified electrode also shows high electrochemical response to the produced thiocholine from the hydrolysis reaction of acetylcholinesterase.     

Facile synthesis of NiO nanoflowers and their electrocatalytic performance

In this paper, hierarchically structured NiO nanoflowers were facile synthesized by incorporating a convenient solution process with a subsequent thermal treating process. Their catalytic activity was then electrochemically investigated in detail. The NiO nanoflower modified biosensor exhibits excellent sensing performance for the determination of l-ascorbic acid with a response time less than 8 s, linear range between 0.005 and 3.5 mM, and sensitivity as 220.4 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻². Besides, a high selectivity towards the oxidation of AA in the presence of dopamine (DA) and nitrite was also observed at their maximum physiological concentrations. The good analytical performance, long-term stability, low cost and straightforward fabrication process made the NiO nanomaterials promising for the development of effective electrochemical sensors for a wide range of potential applications in medicine, biotechnology and environmental chemistry.     

Platelet graphite nanofibers/soft polymer composites for electrochemical sensing and biosensing

The fabrication and attractive sensing and biosensing performance of platelet graphite nanofibers/polysulfone (PGNF/PSf) composite nanomaterials is described. The PGNF/PSf nanocomposites were fabricated by facile phase-inversion method. Their electrochemical performance was compared to the one of carbon nanotubes/PSf and graphite microparticles/PSf composite. It was clearly demonstrated that PGNF/PSf provides superior voltammetric and amperometric performance for sensing and biosensing over those two other sp² carbon materials. This can be attributed to the unparallel amount of electroactive edge sites on PGNF in which electroactivity is not impaired by the polysulfone binder. PGNF/PSf/glucose oxidase nanobiocomposite was prepared and used for proof-of-concept biosensing of glucose.     

一次性免疫传感器快速检测阪崎肠杆菌的研究

为改善基于多壁碳纳米管/ Nafion生物传感器电化学信号及储存稳定性,采用[BMIM] PF6/Nafion复合物将辣根过氧化物酶标抗体包埋固定于MWCNT/Nafion修饰的丝网印刷碳电极上,构建了一种新的免疫传感器.用原子力显微镜表征电极各层修饰后的表面形态,用循环伏安法(CV)和交流阻抗法(EIS)考察修饰电极...     

基于纳米银/石墨烯/酪氨酸酶/聚酰胺-胺的双酚A传感器

采用石墨烯纳米材料,并结合酪氨酸酶、聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)和纳米银修饰玻碳电极研制了新型BPA生物传感器。运用循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗考察了修饰电极的电化学行为。由于石墨烯独特的物理化学性质,结合聚酰胺-胺和纳米银的协同作用,该修饰电极对于BPA有较好的电流响应。在最佳条件下,该传感器对双酚A的线性检测范围为1.0×10-7～3.3×10-5mol/L,检测限为3.0×10-8 mol/L(信噪比为3),相关系数为0.998。