复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压屈曲与后屈曲性能

针对2种边界条件和3种板元宽度情况,采用几种屈曲方法对轴压载荷作用下的复合材料帽形加筋壁板进行了计算,得到了不同情况下的屈曲载荷,通过对复合材料加筋壁板几种计算方法的计算结果与试验结果的对比,得到一种更简单有效计算复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压屈曲载荷的方法;依据帽形加筋壁板的结构特点和试验后的破坏模式,提出一种估算复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压破坏载荷的方法,用该方法在几个项目上的计算结果与试验结果进行比较,发现两者较吻合,验证了复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压承载能力估算方法的合理性,为结构设计人员在初始设计阶段对复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压强度评估提供了一种简洁的途径。     

民机复合材料帽型长桁压缩承载力分析与试验

为了验证民机复合材料帽型长桁压缩承载力分析方法的合理性,设计了某碳纤维复合材料单向带预浸料和织物预浸料混合铺层组成的帽型长桁结构试验件并对其进行了压缩承载力试验。试验结果表明,随着载荷的增加,长桁帽底蒙皮和帽腰、帽脚发生局部屈曲,进而使长桁发生压损破坏。分别利用工程计算方法和有限元分析方法计算长桁的初始屈曲载荷和压损强度。工程分析方法得到的计算结果小于试验结果,保守量分别为37.5%和27.6%;有限元分析得到的初始屈曲载荷和压损强度与试验结果均较接近,误差分别为1.4%和2.3%;对比分析表明,复合材料帽型长桁压缩承载力的工程分析方法较为保守,可保证结构设计的安全性。     

成型工艺对复合材料帽型加筋板轴压特性的影响

对受到边界约束的不同工艺成型复合材料帽型加筋板进行轴压实验,研究二次胶接和共固化工艺对复合材料帽型加筋板压缩稳定性与承载能力的影响,同时分析蒙皮厚度及填充泡沫对加筋板轴压特性的影响。实验使用应变计监测加筋板局部失稳特性,并记录声响和断面观测以分析结构破坏机理。结果表明:蒙皮厚度显著影响结构压缩性能;聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)填充泡沫能小幅度提高结构失稳载荷,但对结构破坏载荷无显著影响;相比二次胶接加筋板,共固化加筋板失稳载荷和破坏载荷均降低约18%;共固化加筋板损伤出现较早,且破坏是由分层引起,而二次胶接加筋板主要是脱粘破坏。     

长桁-翼肋连接对复合材料单加筋板压缩性能的影响

采用试验和有限元方法研究了复合材料含翼肋单加筋板试验件的压缩性能,试验件包括带有长桁-翼肋连接和不含长桁-翼肋连接2种类型。试验和数值计算研究结果表明:与不含长桁-翼肋连接的试验件相比,带有长桁-翼肋连接的试验件具有较高的刚度和较高的临界屈曲失稳载荷,在后屈曲承载过程中具有较小的形变和较小的最终破坏载荷。试验件的最终破坏模式总是长桁与蒙皮间的界面脱粘,这表明长桁-翼肋连接对加筋板试验件的最终破坏模式无影响。在复合材料翼面结构设计中,需要综合考虑长桁-翼肋连接对加筋板初始临界失稳载荷、后屈曲变形和结构承载能力等方面的影响。     

复合材料翼面壁板轴压稳定性

基于T型长桁铺层数不同的两块复合材料翼面加筋壁板试件SC-1和SC-2,开展轴压稳定性试验研究,并提出一种预测屈曲载荷及最小后屈曲承载能力的工程分析方法,结合有限元特征值屈曲分析方法、有限元弧长法对试件的屈曲载荷、屈曲模态及后屈曲承载能力进行分析。试验结果表明,铺层数较多的试件SC-1的蒙皮局部屈曲应变较高,壁板也具有更高的屈曲载荷。在后屈曲阶段,SC-2加载到试验屈曲载荷的2.4倍未发生材料破坏和长桁蒙皮间脱粘损伤。工程分析方法和特征值屈曲分析能够准确预测壁板的屈曲载荷,最大误差分别为-9.3%和-2.8%,工程分析得到SC-2的最小后屈曲承载能力为试验屈曲载荷的2.09倍。有限元弧长法分析得到两件试件的屈曲载荷误差均小于1%,并具有壁板轴压屈曲模态预测和变形跟踪能力。      

翼肋支撑对复合材料加筋板轴压性能的影响

为确定翼肋支撑对复合材料加筋板轴压性能的影响,对施加翼肋支撑前后的复合材料工型加筋板和帽型加筋板进行压缩试验和数值模拟研究。轴压试验中,通过应变计和影像云纹法实时监测试验件的失稳载荷及失稳模态,通过断面观测分析结构损伤破坏机制。基于ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型模拟加筋板屈曲及后屈曲过程,通过失稳节线及反节线上的应力分布变化分析加筋板破坏机制。计算结果与试验结果相吻合,表明翼肋支撑对不同筋条加筋板失稳模态有影响但均不改变结构失稳载荷,位于节线上的翼肋支撑对工型加筋板破坏载荷影响较小,但位于反节线上的翼肋支撑使帽型加筋板的承载能力提高了26.2%。试验件失稳后应力向反节线上筋条蒙皮界面集中,过高的应力导致界面脱粘,使得结构集中在反节线上破坏。      

复合材料机身曲板环向弯曲加载试验及失效机制

对复合材料机身曲板进行了环向弯曲加载试验,采用四点弯加载方式对考核段进行纯弯加载,设计一种加强连接方式避免加载段提前破坏,通过试验对机身曲板的环向稳定性和破坏模式进行了分析。同时,建立了基于内聚力单元的考虑长桁与蒙皮粘接界面损伤的有限元模型,分别使用Quads准则和Hashin准则作为界面和层合板的失效判据分析曲板结构的失效机制,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。试验及有限元分析结果表明,长桁帽底蒙皮的局部屈曲引起长桁与蒙皮粘接的R区出现初始开裂,并最终扩展为长桁脱粘。随着蒙皮屈曲及长桁脱粘的扩大,蒙皮由局部屈曲变为整体失稳而失去承载能力,最终导致隔框承载过大而发生断裂。根据初始损伤模式,采取了长桁帽内全包工艺改进设计,改进后的曲板结构稳定性和承载能力分别提高了21.9%和16.8%。      

离位增韧复合材料加筋板三点弯曲试验研究与数值分析

为研究离位增韧对复合材料加筋板结构承载性能的影响,首先,分别对未离位增韧和离位增韧复合材料帽型长桁加筋板进行了三点弯曲试验,比较了2种加筋板的初始分层载荷、极限载荷以及试验现象;然后,利用ABAQUS建立了三维渐进失效模型,考虑长桁-蒙皮界面和复合材料层合板的失效,对界面的分层机制和蒙皮的失效过程进行了分析。结果表明:有限元结果与试验结果吻合较好,离位增韧仅能略微提高界面的初始分层载荷,但对极限载荷有较大提升;在分层起始阶段I型拉伸模式占主要作用,随着分层不断扩展,II型剪切模式占比持续增加,而剪切模式的高韧性正是离位增韧界面具有良好性能的重要原因。所得结论表明离位增韧界面有良好的抗剥离性能,且在剪切方向上的表现尤为突出。     

复合材料翼面壁板剪切稳定性

基于长桁铺层数不同的两块复合材料翼面T型加筋壁板试件SS-1和SS-2开展剪切稳定性试验。试件SS-1和SS-2的L型层合板铺层分别为11层和14层,腹板铺层分别为22层和28层,缘条铺层分别为15层和18层。采用提出的工程方法进行壁板的剪切屈曲应变分析,方法中考虑了长桁尺寸和铺层数的影响,并应用有限元弧长法进行试件屈曲载荷、后屈曲承载能力及剪切屈曲模态分析。试验结果表明,屈曲发生之前试件蒙皮处于均匀纯剪切应变状态,后屈曲阶段试件发生了长桁-蒙皮脱粘破坏失效,长桁铺层数较多的试件SS-2具有更高的屈曲载荷和蒙皮局部屈曲应变。工程方法计算得到试件SS-1和SS-2的剪切屈曲应变相对于试验结果的误差分别为–14.9%和–9.2%。有限元弧长法分析得到试件SS-1的屈曲载荷和屈曲应变误差分别为1.9%和2.7%,且剪切屈曲模态与试验结果一致。弧长法对不同长桁铺层数的研究结果表明,长桁铺层较少时,壁板发生整体失稳的材料破坏,而长桁铺层数较多时,更容易发生长桁与蒙皮的脱粘失效。      

复合材料“T”形长桁压缩性能研究

压缩性能是飞机中央翼用“T”长桁上壁板的重要指标。为验证有限元分析方法模拟“T”形长桁压缩破坏过程的合理性,本文选取单根“T”形长桁作为试验件,并根据铺层和尺寸的不同将试验件分为4种。运用工程算法计算了长桁的局部屈曲载荷、压损载荷；用有限元算法计算了长桁的屈曲载荷、压损载荷；通过试验获得长桁的局部屈曲载荷、屈曲载荷和压损载荷。比较分析上述3种方式得到的结果,可以发现:工程计算结果与试验结果误差偏大,误差达到8%~50%,且全部偏于保守；有限元计算结果与试验结果较接近,误差在10%以内；利用有限元模拟试验件的压缩破坏过程得到的载荷-位移曲线与试验结果比较一致。研究结果表明,有限元计算分析方法可实际工程应用,为设计人员提供设计依据。     

Local postbuckling of hat-stringer-stiffened composite laminated plates under transverse compression

In this paper, a closed-form method for the analysis of the local postbuckling behaviour of aircraft panels that are braced by hat-stringers is presented. The stiffened panels are loaded by transverse compression which is a load case that has been treated only scarcely in the open literature, and the corresponding buckling and postbuckling behaviour that eventually leads to failure of the panel is quite different to what is observed when a panel under longitudinal compression is considered. This contribution clarifies that the ultimate load bearing capacity of a stiffened panel with closed-profile stringers under transverse compression is governed by several consecutive stability cases. Firstly a closed-form approximate analysis method for the linear buckling analysis of the skin between two stringers taking the torsional stiffness of the hat-stringers into account is derived (stability case 1). Secondly, a simple Marguerre-type postbuckling analysis method is presented that accounts for the geometrically nonlinear behaviour of the panel skin after buckling (stability case 2) and enables a closed-form analysis of its effective width. Thirdly, the linear buckling analysis is adapted to the analysis of the panel skin under a stringer (stability case 3). It will be shown that stability cases 2 and 3 cannot be treated independently, but have to be considered interactively which necessitates an iterative procedure. The accuracy of the proposed analysis method, relying on the simplifying assumption of a perfectly flat plate rather than considering a cylindrically curved panel is established by comparison with results of accompanying geometrically nonlinear finite element calculations.     

侧边边界条件对复合材料加筋板轴压载荷下屈曲和后屈曲性能的影响

为研究侧边边界条件对复合材料加筋板压缩稳定性能的影响,首先采用有限元软件对压缩载荷作用下的复合材料加筋板进行建模数值计算,得到加筋板在侧边简支和自由2种边界条件下的屈曲载荷和形式,然后采用工程计算方法对加筋板轴压承载能力进行了估算,参考计算结果,分别对侧边有支持和侧边自由2组加筋板进行轴向压缩试验,分析侧边边界条件对试验件的屈曲形式、屈曲载荷以及后屈曲破坏过程的影响。试验结果表明：侧边支持条件会影响加筋板的屈曲形式和破坏形式。对于侧边有支持的试验件,屈曲后整体变形较小,筋条的压缩断裂是主要的破坏形式;而侧边自由的试验件屈曲后会逐渐出现整体弯曲变形,变形引起的筋条脱粘和弯曲断裂则是主要的破坏形式,且筋条脱粘会显著降低结构的承载能力。有限元计算结果与试验结果较吻合,验证了有限元模型的合理性。采用工程计算方法对侧边有支持的加筋板承载能力进行估算具有较好的精度。     

Dynamic buckling of a laminated composite stringer–stiffened cylindrical panel

The present study deals with the “dynamic buckling” of a laminated composite stringer–stiffened curved panel. The “dynamic buckling”, in the present study, is concerned with the unbounded lateral response of the panel, which is subjected to an axial impact load.In reinforced panels with widely spaced adequately stiff stringers, the structure may pass through two major states before its total collapse: buckling of the panel skin between stiffeners and buckling of the stiffeners themselves. This study focuses on the lowest buckling load of the stringer–stiffened panel, which is, buckling of the panel skin between stiffeners.The analysis of the laminated composite stringer–stiffened cylindrical panel was performed by using the commercial ANSYS finite element software. The model simulates the structure and its associated boundary conditions. The boundary conditions simulate the stringer–stiffened cylindrical panel as a part of a fuselage. The static buckling analysis was performed using the eigenvalue buckling approach to determine the static critical load. Modal analysis was used to calculate the first natural frequency and corresponding mode shape of the structure. Nonlinear transient dynamic analysis was used to determine the dynamic critical load. In the transient dynamic analysis the Newmark method with the Newton–Raphson scheme were used.In the present study, the equation of motion approach was applied. By this approach, the equations of motion were numerically solved for various load parameter values (loading amplitude and loading duration) to obtain the system response. Special attention was given to the neighborhood of loading durations corresponding to the period of the lowest bending frequency of the skin.For each load duration, the dynamic buckling load was calculated using a load versus lateral displacement curve generated by the ANSYS code.The results were plotted on a dynamic load amplification factor (DLF) graph. The DLF is defined, as the ratio of the dynamic buckling to the static buckling of the panel. For loading periods in the neighborhood of the lowest natural frequency of the panel, the DLF was less than unity. It means that, for those particular loading periods, the dynamic buckling load is lower than the static one.     

考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化

提出了一种考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化方法。基于复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解的能量法,系统推导了轴压载荷作用下复合材料加筋壁板蒙皮、筋条局部屈曲载荷的显示表达式,考虑了加筋壁板各板元之间的弹性支持作用及筋条下缘条的影响,引入工程法求解了加筋壁板整体屈曲载荷。基于国产自主结构分析软件HAJIF中的复合材料铺层工程数据库,以铺层参数为中间变量,利用本文提出的复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解方法,构建了考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化设计流程并完成程序实现,将最小二乘法用于最优铺层顺序与工程铺层数据库的匹配。相比于传统有限元计算方法,本文提出的复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解方法具备较好的求解精度及求解效率。复合材料加筋壁板优化算例表明,采用本文提出的加筋壁板屈曲载荷分析及其优化方法,在结构重量不变的前提下,屈曲载荷提高约17%,且铺层顺序优化结果可直接从铺层工程数据库中提取并用于工程实际。      

复合材料帽型加筋壁板的失效机制分析与改进设计

为了准确预测复合材料帽型加筋壁板的后屈曲承载能力,针对压缩载荷下筋条端头斜削的复合材料帽型加筋壁板结构的失效机制及失效载荷进行了研究。首先利用物理试验,研究了端头斜削的复合材料帽型加筋壁板失效过程,然后构建了考虑蒙皮/缘条胶接界面以及复合材料层板失效的非线性损伤分析模型,详细地研究了损伤起始、扩展和失效的全过程。在此基础上,提出了包覆层对蒙皮/缘条界面进行增强的设计方案,并基于数值仿真和试验研究了包覆层对复合材料帽型壁板的破坏模式和承载能力的影响。数值分析和试验结果表明,包覆层设计能够明显提高结构的屈曲载荷和后屈曲承载能力,分析结果与试验值吻合良好,且预测的破坏模式也与试验结果一致。     

Buckling of open-section bead-stiffened composite panels

Stiffened panels are structures that can be designed to efficiently support in-plane compression, bending, and shear loads. Although the stiffeners are usually discrete elements which are fastened or bonded to a flat or continuously curved plate, manufacturing methods such as thermoforming allow integral formation of the stiffeners in a panel. Such a configuration offers potential advantages in terms of a reduced number of parts and manufacturing operations. For thermoplastic composite panels stiffened by integrally formed open-section beads, the effects of bead spacing and bend cross-section geometry on the initiation of buckling under uniaxial compression and uniform shear loading were investigated. Finite elements results for a range of stiffened panel sizes and bead geometries are presented and compared with approximate closed-form solutions based on an effective flat plate size. Experimental verification of analytical predictions for one of the shear panels and one of the compression panels is described. Compensation of the forming tool to reduce the degree of initial curvature of the panels was found to be necessary.