甲基丙烯酸甲酯固相接枝蔗渣对聚乙烯醇/淀粉共混物结构与性能的影响

首次采用固相接枝法将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝到碱处理后的甘蔗渣(SCB)表面,得到接枝改性蔗渣SCB-gMMA,通过红外光谱、核磁共振和扫描电镜表征了SCB-g-MMA的结构,表明MMA已经成功接枝到SCB上。将SCB-gMMA作为改性剂加入到聚乙烯醇(PVA)/淀粉复合材料基体中,扫描电镜测试表明在SCB-g-MMA存在的情况下,复合材料的界面模糊,相容性较好。SCB-g-MMA的用量对其在PVA/淀粉基体中的分散产生了一定的影响,当用量为10phr时,SCB-g-MMA出现团聚现象。拉伸强度和断裂伸长率在SCB-g-MMA含量为7 phr时达到最大,相比于PVA/淀粉基体分别提升了153.1%和277.5%。     

改性甘蔗渣吸附剂的制备及其对直接桃红12B的吸附性能研究

以农业废弃物甘蔗渣为原料,用氯化钙进行改性,研究了改性甘蔗渣(MB)对染料直接桃红12B(DP12B)吸附过程的动力学、热力学、水体pH、温度、作用时间及离子强度等的影响。结果表明,当MB投加量为2g/L,DP12B的初始浓度为180mg/L,pH为中性,温度为30℃,离子强度小于0.10mol/L时,DP12B的去除率达到86%以上。MB对DP12B等温吸附符合BET吸附等温线方程,属于典型的多分子层吸附类型,适合在较高浓度阴离子染料的条件下吸附。吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学方程(R20.99),吸附本质上以化学吸附为主。吸附热力学参数ΔG0,吸附是易于自发的过程。MB是一种吸附性能优异的吸附剂,用于处理染料废水有较好的应用前景。     

改性竹叶对水中刚果红的吸附性能研究

用NaOH改性后的竹叶粉作为吸附剂,采用静态吸附法,研究了NaOH浓度、竹叶粉投加量、pH、染料浓度和吸附时间等因素对改性竹叶(MBL)吸附刚果红的影响。结果表明:在NaOH浓度为20.00g/L的条件下,当溶液pH=7.0,MBL投加量为2.00g/L,吸附时间为120min时,MBL对100mg/L刚果红模拟印染废水(CRW)吸附效果最好,去除率可达96.29%,此时吸附量为48.14mg/g。吸附动力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型,属于化学吸附。其等温吸附方程可以用Langmuir方程描述,表现为单分子吸附。     

白酒糟对刚果红和孔雀石绿的吸附机理研究

采用白酒糟吸附剂对模拟印染废水中刚果红(CR)和孔雀石绿(MG)进行生物吸附处理。在染料初始质量浓度100mg/L、吸附时间80min的条件下,当刚果红废水初始pH=7.0,白酒糟投加量为2g/L时,白酒糟对刚果红的吸附率为96.94%;当孔雀石绿废水初始pH=9.0,白酒糟投加量4g/L时,白酒糟对孔雀石绿的吸附率为95.12%。动力学研究表明,白酒糟对两种染料的吸附过程均符合准二阶动力学方程,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主。使用Freundlich等温吸附方程可较好的拟合白酒糟对两种染料的吸附,说明该吸附是以多分子层吸附为主。     

柠檬酸接枝苎麻纤维铀吸附及抗菌性能EI北大核心CSCD

核能开发会产生大量含铀废水,危害生态环境和人类健康。文中通过酯化法制备了柠檬酸接枝苎麻纤维吸附剂,用于去除水溶液中的铀。研究了铀酰离子初始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附时间、温度等条件对吸附剂性能的影响。结果表明,当铀酰离子初始浓度为20mg/L、溶液pH=6、吸附剂的投加量为0.02g/L、吸附时间为12h时达到吸附平衡,最大吸附容量为397mg-U/g;吸附过程符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型。另外,吸附剂对大肠杆菌具有明显的抑制作用,表现出良好的抗菌性能。     

铁锰铈-PA6基静电纺吸附剂的制备及其对水中铅和铬的吸附性能

将铁锰铈(Fe-Mn-Ce)负载于PA6静电纺丝上制备抗团聚性强、吸附效果好且易分离回收的新型吸附剂Fe-Mn-Ce-PA6。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析均显示Fe-Mn-Ce颗粒已成功负载到PA6静电纺丝上。吸附实验研究结果表明,Fe-Mn-Ce含量为25%时制备的吸附剂对水中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附效果,且其在Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度为10mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.2g/L,pH为6的条件下对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率为98%;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为20mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.2g/L,pH为6的条件下对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率为98.5%。该吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温模型均符合Freundlich模型,而吸附动力学行为分别符合准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型。循环再生实验表明,该吸附剂经五次循环后对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)依然可以保持良好的去除率。     

CTS-g-PAA/ATP水凝胶制备及对染料的吸附性能

以壳聚糖(CTS)、丙烯酸(AA)、凹凸棒石黏土(ATP)为原料,采用微波辐射法,通过接枝共聚合成了CTS-g-PAA/ATP水凝胶,利用FTIR和SEM分析了树脂的结构,探讨了水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能和吸附机理。结果显示:GA、ATP和AA发生了接枝共聚反应,形成均匀的三维网络复合高吸水凝胶。在200 mL浓度为200 mg/L,加入2 mmol/L的NaCl、SDS的MB溶液中,凝胶对MB的吸附量分别147、330 mg/g。溶液pH在4～7之间时,凝胶对MB吸附量保持恒定的吸附能力,吸附量为300 mg/g。水凝胶对MB的吸附应用Freundlich方程比Langmuir方程更适合实验数据,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附过程属于化学吸热反应过程。     

均相体系中改性纤维素的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

为了开发低成本、环境友好的吸附材料用于吸附、分离水中的染料离子,在均相体系中,以纤维素为基材、过硫酸钾为引发剂、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为接枝单体,制备了纤维素接枝共聚物Cell-g-PGMA,并通过FT-IR、XRD和TGA对接枝共聚物进行了表征。系统研究了接枝时间、温度、单体用量和引发剂用量对接枝率的影响。同时在不同吸附时间、温度、吸附剂用量和初始浓度下考察了Cell-g-PGMA对亚甲基蓝(MB)离子的吸附性能。研究表明,该吸附剂对MB表现出优异的吸附性能,理论最大吸附量为271.39mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线。     

银杏落叶对结晶紫的生物吸附性能研究

以银杏落叶作为生物吸附剂,采用静态吸附法处理结晶紫模拟废水溶液。结果表明:吸附时间、银杏落叶投加量、pH值、结晶紫初始浓度、盐浓度等因素对结晶紫吸附效果有一定影响,吸附平衡时间90min,银杏落叶投加量4g/L,中性条件下,对120mg/L结晶紫有较好的吸附效果。吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大吸附量为188.68mg/g。吸附动力学符合准一级和准二级动力学模型,可用准二级动力学模型更好的描述,表明该吸附剂在染料废水处理中有较好的应用前景。     

TiO_2/漂珠对垃圾渗滤液吸附性能研究

为了研究TiO_2/漂珠对垃圾渗滤液吸附性能,通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、BET对其结构进行表征,并探究了溶液起始浓度、起始pH、催化剂投加量对垃圾渗滤液吸附的影响。结果表明,当COD浓度为540mg/L,TiO_2/漂珠投加量为3g/L,pH=10时,垃圾渗滤液的TOC吸附量为5.03mg/g。研究还发现TiO_2/漂珠吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学方程,吸附过程大致分为3个阶段:在0~3h内,总有机碳(TOC)含量减少;在3~10h内,TOC含量增加;在10~24h内,吸附达到平衡。     

Elimination of hazardous methylene blue from contaminated solutions by electrochemically magnetized graphene oxide as a recyclable adsorbent

In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was used as an adsorbent for an effective removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were synthesized using improved hummer method and magnetized electrochemically using iron electrodes by applying different currents (0.2 to 0.5 A) for different duration. The synthesized MGO was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, and BET analysis. It was confirmed that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the structure of GO. MGO was evaluated for the adsorption of MB from simulated colored wastewater by studying the effect of electrochemical synthesis conditions (time and current), adsorbent dosage, pH of the solution, initial MB concentration and the presence of salt in wastewater. The results indicated that 0.16 g/L of MGO synthesized by applying 0.4 A for 10 min can remove 93% of MB (10 mg/L) from alkali solution through monolayer adsorption following Langmuir isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 78.13 mg/g. This study introduces MGO as a recyclable and reusable adsorbent with the removal efficiency above 90% that can be potentially used in wastewater treatment.     

Silica particles settling characteristics and removal performances of oxide chemical mechanical polishing wastewater treated by electrocoagulation technology

This study aimed at investigating the feasibility of using jackfruit peel (JFP), a solid waste, abundantly available in Malaysia, for the adsorption of methylene blue, a cationic dye. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial concentration (35-400mg/L), pH (2-11), and adsorbent dose (0.05-1.20g) on the removal of dye at temperature of 30 degrees C. The experimental data were analyzed by the four different types of linearized Langmuir isotherm, the Freundlich isotherm and the Temkin isotherm. The experimental data fitted well with the type 2 Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 285.713mg/g. Pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetics models were tested with the experimental data, and pseudo-second-order kinetics was the best for the adsorption of MB by JFP with coefficients of correlation R(2)> or =0.9967 for all initial MB concentrations studied. The results demonstrated that the JFP is very effective for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions.     

Environmental risk index: a tool to assess the safety of dams for leachate

Bagasse-based ion adsorbent was prepared by chemically modifying bagasse with acrylonitrile and hydroxylamine with the aim to enhance the ability of removal heavy metal ions from wastewater. The purified modified materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Batch experiments of Cu(II) ions (Cu(2+)) adsorption on the bagasse adsorbent were performed. Effects of the adsorbent dosage, initial pH of the solution, temperature of the Cu(2+) solution, and initial Cu(2+) concentration on the adsorption of Cu(2+) were studied, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the adsorption isotherm of Cu(2+) by bagasse adsorbent. The results indicated that Langmuir model fitted the adsorption equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. Two kinetic models, including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, were also used to analyze the Cu(2+) adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo-second-order with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 was more suitable than pseudo-first-order.     

沙柳基磁性多孔炭的制备及其吸附亚甲基蓝性能研究

采用水热法原位改性沙柳生物炭制备磁性多孔炭复合材料,利用SEM、XRD、FT-IR、XPS和BET分别对多孔炭的形貌、结构表征,并研究磁性多孔炭吸附去除废水中亚甲基蓝性能。系列表征分析结果表明磁性复合材料表面疏松多孔,比表面积为63.01 m²/g,含有-COOH、-OH等丰富的官能团。在亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、初始pH值为11,投加量为2 g/L、25℃吸附120 min时,亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达88.52%,最大吸附量为218.08 mg/g;吸附过程与Langmuir吸附等温模型拟合较好,符合准二级吸附动力学模型。吸附以化学吸附为主,吸附稳定,无二次污染,吸附剂廉价易得,便于分离,是理想的亚甲蓝废水处理试剂。     

Grass waste: A novel sorbent for the removal of basic dye from aqueous solution

The aim of the present work was to investigate the feasibility of grass waste (GW) for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The adsorption of MB on GW material was studied as a function of GW dose (0.05–1.20 g), solution pH 3–10, contact time and initial concentration (70–380 mg/L). The influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity was studied using the batch process. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherm was found to follow the Langmuir model. The monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 457.640 mg/g. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results revealed that GW adsorbent is potentially low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of MB.     

多级结构α-MoO3空心微球的构筑及其对有机染料的吸附性能

具有多级结构的半导体金属氧化物, 其特有的立体空间结构使材料具有超高活性, 在吸附领域具有应用潜力。研究采用简单的一步溶剂热法制备了空心球状的MoO₂前驱体, 400 ℃热处理后得到多级结构α-MoO₃空心微球。空心球的直径为600~800 nm, 由宽度约70 nm的纳米棒构筑而成。该球状α-MoO₃纳米材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料具有优良的吸附性能。当α-MoO₃吸附剂用量为0.5 g/L、MB染料浓度为20 mg/L、吸附时间为5 min时, 移除率可达到73.40%。吸附60 min时, 吸附达到平衡, 此后移除率为97.53%~99.65%。该吸附动力学过程符合拟二级动力学模型, 吸附等温线符合 Langmuir 模型拟合, 最大吸附量为 1543.2 mg/g。α-MoO₃微球由于多级且中空的纳米结构, 对MB染料具有用量少、吸附速率快和吸附完全等特点。该材料可以用于吸附废水中其他有机染料。     

The sorption of lead(II) ions on rice husk ash

Present study deals with the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution on rice husk ash. Rice husk is a by-product generally obtained from rice mill. Rice husk ash is a solid obtained after burning of rice husk. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and the effect of temperature. Optimum conditions for Pb(II) removal were found to be pH 5, adsorbent dosage 5 g/L of solution and equilibrium time 1h. Adsorption of Pb(II) followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The effective diffusion coefficient is of the order of 10(-10)m(2)/s. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was better described by Freuindlich adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity (q(max)) of rice husk ash for Pb(II) ions in terms of monolayer adsorption was 91.74 mg/g. The change of entropy (DeltaS(0)) and enthalpy (Delta H(0)) were estimated at 0.132 kJ/(mol K) and 28.923 kJ/mol respectively. The negative value of Gibbs free energy (Delta G(0)) indicates feasible and spontaneous adsorption of Pb(II) on rice husk ash. The value of the adsorption energy (E), calculated using Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, was 9.901 kJ/mol and it indicated that the adsorption process was chemical in nature. Application study was also carried out to find the suitability of the process in waste water treatment operation.     

Adsorptive removal of Auramine-O: kinetic and equilibrium study

Present study deals with the adsorption of Auramine-O (AO) dye by bagasse fly ash (BFA) and activated carbon-commercial grade (ACC) and laboratory grade (ACL). BFA is a solid waste obtained from the particulate collection equipment attached to the flue gas line of the bagasse fired boilers of cane sugar mills. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like initial pH (pH(0)), contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration (C(0)) for the removal of AO. Optimum conditions for AO removal were found to be pH(0) approximately 7.0 and equilibrium time approximately 30 min for BFA and approximately 120 min for activated carbons. Optimum BFA, ACC and ACL dosages were found to be 1, 20 and 2g/l, respectively. Adsorption of AO followed pseudo-second order kinetics with the initial sorption rate for adsorption on BFA being the highest followed by those on ACL and ACC. The sorption process was found to be controlled by both film and pore diffusion with film diffusion at the earlier stages followed by pore diffusion at the later stages. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of AO on BFA, ACC and ACL were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm equations using linear correlation coefficient. Langmuir isotherm gave the best correlation of adsorption for all the adsorbents studied. Thermodynamic study showed that adsorption of AO on ACC (with a more negative Gibbs free energy value) is more favoured. BFA which was used without any pretreatment showed high surface area, pore volume and pore size exhibiting its potential to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of AO.     

Methylene blue biosorption from aqueous solutions by yellow passion fruit waste

The yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) (YPFW) a powdered solid waste, was tested as biosorbent for the removal of a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions. Adsorption of MB onto this low-cost natural adsorbent was studied by batch adsorption at 25 °C. The effects of shaking time, biosorbent dosage and pH on adsorption capacity were studied. In alkaline pH region the adsorption of MB was favorable. The contact time required to obtain the maximum adsorption was 48 h at 25 °C. Four kinetic models were tested, being the adsorption kinetics better fitted to pseudo-first order and ion exchange kinetic models. The ion exchange and pseudo-first order constant rates were 0.05594 and 0.05455 h⁻¹, respectively. The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. Taking into account the analysis of the normal distribution of the residuals (difference of q_measured − q_model), the data were best fitted to Sips isotherm model. The maximum amount of MB adsorbed on YPFW biosorbent was 44.70 mg g⁻¹.     

Scavenging behaviour of meranti sawdust in the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution

Meranti (Philippine mahogany) sawdust, an inexpensive material, showed strong scavenging behaviour through adsorption for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Batch studies were performed to evaluate and optimize the effects of various parameters such as contact time, pH, initial dye concentrations and adsorbent dosage. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. The experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating thereby the mono layer adsorption of the dye. The monolayer sorption capacity of meranti sawdust for MB was found to be 120.48, 117.64, 149.25 and 158.73 mg/g at 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the MB adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results indicated that the meranti sawdust could be an alternative material in place of more costly adsorbents used for dye removal.