真空度对微热管性能影响的实验研究

采用灌注抽真空微热管制造技术,制备了具有不同真空度的微热管样件组。搭建微热管性能测试平台,对其启动和等温性能进行实验研究。实验结果表明:适当提高启动温度可以使真空度较高的微热管顺利避开声速极限和携带极限,使其成功启动;真空度对微热管启动时间影响不大,启动温度为50℃时,样件组微热管在10s内能成功启动;提高真空度能降低微热管两端温差,优化等温性能;随着蒸发段加热温度的升高,微热管轴向温度分布曲线的转折点向集气段移动。     

激光制备针翅微热管与传热实验研究

电子产品快速发展同时导致了热量高等问题,为了延长电子产品使用寿命,研究平板微热管的传热性能是解决该问题的关键。为了研究激光制备针翅平板微热管的传热性能,首先采用理论建模确定针翅最优结构,然后通过激光制备针翅平板微热管,最后通过实验研究倾角、工作液体、充液率以及槽道结构等因素对针翅平板微热管传热性能的影响,并以温差、热阻以及当量导热系数作为评价针翅平板微热管传热性能指标。结果表明:以水为工作液体,倾斜角度为90°,且在充液率为45%时的针翅平板微热管的传热性能最佳。     

激光制备微热管复合沟槽吸液芯及毛细压力验证

吸液芯结构是微热管的重要组成部分,其对微热管传热性能起到关键作用。目前,随着微热管的微型化,多种新型吸液芯结构相继提出,有效的拓宽微热管的应用领域。激光刻蚀法已成为制备微热管微型沟槽的高效可行法。借助激光刻蚀技术优势制备出微热管复合沟槽吸液芯,分析复合沟槽结构具有良好的表面质量;然后建立复合沟槽吸液芯毛细压力轴向分布数学模型,得出微热管内毛细压力沿轴向分布情况,证明复合沟槽提供较大的毛细压力,从而具有优异的传热性能。     

槽道微热管的研究进展及其发展趋势

微热管作为一种新型的热管技术,被广泛应用于航空航天、军用武器等领域,是解决高热流密度电子元器件散热的主要途径之一。槽道微热管凭借其结构简单、导热性能优越、等温性能优良等优点,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注,已成为热管技术中重要的发展方向和研究热点。介绍了槽道微热管在新型吸液芯结构、传热性能、吸液芯制备工艺等方面的研究进展。综合近年来对槽道微热管的研究进展,分析了槽道微热管研究中存在的待解决问题,并阐述了未来槽道微热管的发展趋势。     

用于气体传感器的微热板工艺流程与性能对比

微热板式气体传感器具有功耗低、体积小和灵敏度高等优点,具有良好的产业化前景,而传感器芯片批量制造成品率与单芯片加工成本是其能否产业化的关键。在传感器芯片批量制造中引入成熟标准CMOS工艺,采用四臂支撑悬空结构,以钨为加热丝,多层介质薄膜为机械支撑膜,顶层金属为气敏电极;作为对比,同时设计了MEMS工艺流程,制造了以铂为加热丝,PECVD氧化硅和氮化硅为机械支撑膜,黄金气敏电极的相同结构传感器芯片。对比了工艺成本和器件性能,CMOS微热板芯片的功耗、热响应、热稳定性以及成本等性能均达到甚至优于MEMS微热板水平。由于CMOS工艺线量产能力和加工精度均优于常见MEMS工艺线,因此单芯片成本更低,集成度更高,非常适合微热板式气体传感器阵列芯片的产业化生产制造。     

横管蒸发纵管冷凝式热管充液量、倾角对传热的影响

通过搭建试验台对横管蒸发纵管冷凝式热管进行试验研究,分析该型热管在不同充液量和不同的倾角的情况下传热性能的变化。经分析发现,充液量和倾角两个因素都对该型热管的传热性能有很大影响。当倾角变化时,其热阻随倾角增加而不断增加且存在临界角。倾角在到达临界角之前热阻上升缓慢,倾角大于临界角后其热阻急剧增大。当充液量变化时,随充液量增大热管热阻先减小后增大;且在60%充液量时热阻最小,传热性能最佳。     

微热管红外测温系统的设计

根据集成发光二极管(LED)的微热管尺寸小、温升快、温度梯度变化剧烈等特点,搭建了非接触式红外测温系统,以实现对其不同特征区域的温度测量。对该系统的信号采集与转换、误差分析与补偿、测温特性指标、以及微热管的热性能进行了研究。该系统通过LabVIEW编程软件实现红外传感器的电信号采集与温度转换;将不同温度的加热块作为等温体参考,对比热电偶与红外测温结果完成静态和动态测温特性分析,进而通过环境温度补偿方法修正LED辐射热引起的传感器漂移误差;最后基于线性拟合法完成传感器的校准。利用该测试系统在不同热负载下测试了微热管的热性能。结果显示:测温系统的准确度、重复性及线性度分别为1.2~1.5℃、1%和0.2%;时间常数T和响应时间t0.05分别约为15ms和30ms。该红外非接触测温系统能够减小传感元件对被测温度场的影响,具有测温精度高和热惰性小的特点,为微热管热性能评估提供了新的测量方法。     

分体式空调器室外机抽真空自动报警工艺开发

目前各总装分厂分体空调器室外机抽真空工序完成后,真空度是否达到灌注工艺要求,需对接到灌注机上灌注时才能检测到,存在灌注真空不良和二次强行灌注等隐患,影响产品质量的稳定性.同时,由于灌注机检测真空度的真空计与真空规管每年计量一次,真空计与真空规管在此期间损坏,外机的真空度是否达到要求难以保证.因此通过自主开发抽真空自动检测报警装置,彻底解决灌注机真空度无法得到有效可靠保证及有效可靠监管这一难题.实现有效监管、目视化管理,建立空调室外机真空度的防火墙,保证灌注前系统真空度达到工艺要求,杜绝强灌,消除质量隐患保证产品质量,同时也减少了返工概率,缩短生产抽真空的时间,提高生产效率.     

HX-SC129新型静电除尘器

介绍HX-SC129新型静电除尘器的工作原理及其设备与工艺技术的参数;从沉淀极管、梳形板和分气格板、连续供水装置、电源和定时热水冲洗装置五方面分析了该除尘器的结构特点;经对煤气处理量、二次电压、二次电流和除尘效率的性能测试证明该除尘器是化工生产中较理想的煤气净化装置。     

盒形件充液拉深成形工艺优化及试验研究

本文主要研究充液拉深成形技术在复杂异形长法兰类盒形件成形过程中的应用,首先对该类零件的材料进行了力学性能和成形性能测试分析,获取材料的成形极限,确定了充液拉深成形方案;建立了盒形件的有限元仿真模型,模拟了盒形件在充液拉深成形过程中材料的壁厚变化情况,通过成形缺陷分析对关键工艺参数低压充液时间TLP、整形时间TIP、最大压边力Fmax、液体流速Vel％,最大成形力Pmax及时效时间Tw等进行了重新设计,并通过数值模拟和试验验证相结合的方法优化了工艺参数;最终,完成了盒形件充液拉深成形流程再造,确定出最优的工艺参数,并成功实现盒形件的充液拉深成形,使其制造效率和产品质量大幅提升,为低塑性、难变形材料盒形件的批量制造奠定了工艺基础.     

Experimental study on nanofludic heat pipe hot chuck plate in semiconductor wafer baking process

The temperature uniformity on a heat pipe hot chuck (HPHC) during semiconductor wafer processing has been an important factor to critical dimension (300 mm) uniformity as the feature size of semiconductors decreases and productivity density increases due to the new process of nano size special manufacturing technology. To design the present heat pipe hot chuck system, which has enhanced temperature uniformity for the wafer process, the heat distribution of the system was analyzed experimentally with various working fluids such as water, TiO₂, ATO, ITO, Al₂O₃, and Ag-nanofluids and 8 cell structures. Unlike the conventional solid state chuck, the present heat pipe hot chuck system consists of a heat pipe containing specially charged working fluid. Various working fluids have been tested to find best temperature uniformity feature on the top surface of hot chuck. TiO₂-nanofluid was used and tested as the working fluid of the heat pipe hot chuck system in this paper. The temperature uniformity of upper surface was sustained in the range of ±1°C. A nano-porous layer was observed on the surface with the good result of surface temperature uniformity compared with distilled water.     

脉动热管实验台的搭建及可视化实验研究

介绍了脉动热管可视化实验台的搭建,通过此实验台可以定量研究工质种类、充注量、管道特性、倾斜角度、加热功率、冷却能力等参数对脉动热管传热性能的影响,并能实现整个管道工质流型变化的可视化,通过可视化实验观察到,脉动热管从启动到稳定运行的过程,工质的流型会经历泡状流、弹状流、塞状流到搅拌流的变化.     

Thermal characteristics of an ammonia-charged closed-loop pulsating heat pipe

At this age, engineering applications are demanding effective ways of heat recovery and energy savings for their optimum performance. Among other cooling techniques, pulsating heat pipes have emerged as a convenient and cost effective thermal design solution due to its excellent heat transfer capability, high thermal efficiency and structural simplicity. The paper presents an experimental study on the operational limit of an aluminum closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) charged with ammonia. It consists of total 14 turns of aluminum pipe with 3 mm inner and 4 mm outer diameter. Ammonia was used as working fluid with 3 different filling ratios such as 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. Operation orientations were vertical, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° and 180° inclinations. Constant electric heat input of 36 W was applied to the heating block and temperature rise in various sections was monitored till steady state was reached. Temperature was measured at different locations of the CLPHP by using thermocouples. The effects of operational orientations and filling ratios were investigated on heat transfer by working fluid Q̇_php (Watt), overall heat transfer coefficient U (W/m² °C) and thermal resistance R (°C/W) considering the measured temperature. The result shows that, 0.4 and 0.6 fill ratios and inclination angle of 30º give better result than any other arrangements for CLPHP.

     

乙醇水溶液脉动热管传热特性研究

以体积分数为50％的乙醇水溶液为工质,在充液率为50％的情况下,对多环路脉动热管的传热特性进行试验与机理研究,并与无水乙醇的传热效果进行对比.结果表明,采用乙醇水溶液的热管热阻明显低于无水乙醇脉动热管的热阻,并且加热功率的极限值较高.当倾角为90°时,采用乙醇水溶液的热阻值最低约0.1℃/W,传热极限约为300W.采用无水乙醇作为脉动工质,倾角为60°时的热阻为采用酒精水溶液的1.34～1.49倍,倾角为30°时的热阻为1.28～1.50倍.     

Performance investigation of heat pipe using aqueous solution of n-Pentanol with different inclinations

The orientation of the heat pipe plays the significant role in its performance. In specific orientations, the performance of the heat pipe is directly related to the wick structure. In conventional heat pipe, the working fluid is used a negative surface-tension gradient with temperature. It is an unfavorable one and it decreases the heat transport between the evaporator section and the condenser section. An Aqueous solution of n-Pentanol having a positive surface tension gradient with temperature is suggested as a working medium for heat pipe to improve the performance of capillary limit and operating stability. The objective of this paper is to perform a comparative study of heat pipe performance using the aqueous solution of n-Pentanol with water at various inclinations. The results are presented to demonstrate the merits and suitability of the aqueous solution of n-Pentanol as a working fluid for heat pipe.     

一种用于高热功率密闭计算机散热的环路热管系统

工作在潮湿、粉尘、腐蚀等恶劣环境下的电子设备需要密封,当机箱内部元器件的总发热功率过高时急需一套有效的散热系统来保证该电子设备安全稳定地工作.文中设计了一种环路热管系统.该环路热管系统的蒸发段位于密闭机箱内部,通过工质的相变源源不断地将元器件的热量传递到位于机箱外侧的冷凝段中.若PCB上电子元器件的结温低于其上限值,则该环路热管散热系统满足要求.理论计算和数值计算表明,该环路热管散热系统能够很好地保证高热功率密闭计算机安全稳定工作.     

热管强化切削区换热的研究现状及进展

在机械加工过程中,切削液的大量使用不但造成了资源的浪费和成本的剧增,而且对生产环境和从业者的身体健康都造成很大危害,不符合当前绿色制造的发展方向。本文结合热工领域的相关换热理论,论述了热管用于强化切削区换热,以减少或者避免使用切削液,从而实现绿色高效加工。分析了现有应用研究中存在的问题与缺陷,并对热管强化切削区换热的进一步研究做出了展望。     

Isothermal characteristics of a rectangular parallelepiped sodium heat pipe

The isothermal characteristics of a rectangular parallelepiped sodium heat pipe were investigated for high-temperature applications. The heat pipes was made of stainless steel of which the dimension was 140 m(L) ×95m(W) ×46m(H) and the thickness of the container was 5 mm. Both inner surfaces of evaporator and condenser were covered with screen meshes to help spread the liquid state working fluid. To provide additional path for the working fluid, a lattice structure covered with screen mesh wick was inserted in the heat pipe. The bottom surface of the heat pipe was heated by an electric heater and the top surface was cooled by circulating coolant. The concern in this study was to enhance the temperature uniformity at the bottom surface of the heat pipe while an uneven heat source up to 900 W was in contact. The temperature distribution over the bottom surface was monitored at more than twenty six locations. It was found that the operating performance of the sodium heat pipe was critically affected by the inner wall temperature of the condenser region where the working fluid may be changed to a solid phase unless the temperature was higher than its melting point. The maximum temperature difference across the bottom surface was observed to be 114^°C for 850 W thermal load and 100^°C coolant inlet temperature. The effects of fill charge ratio, coolant inlet temperature and operating temperature on thermal performance of heat pipe were analyzed and discussed.     

Manufacturing and temperature measurements of a sodium heat pipe

A high-temperature sodium stainless steel heat pipe was fabricated and its performance has been investigated. The working fluid was sodium and it was sealed inside a straight tube container made of stainless steel. The amount of sodium occupied approximately 20% of the total volume of the heat pipe and its weight was 65.7gram. The length of a stainless steel container is 1002mm and its outside diameter is 25.4mm. Performance tests were carried out in a room air condition under a free convective environment and the measured temperatures are presented. The start-up behavior of the heat pipe from a frozen state was investigated for various heat input values between 600W and 1205W. In steady state, axial temperature distributions of a heat pipe were measured and its heat transfer rates were estimated in the range of vapor temperature from 500°C to 630°C. It is found that there are small temperature differences in the vapor core along the axial direction of a sodium heat pipe for the high operating temperatures. But for the range of low operating temperatures there are large temperature drops along the vapor core region of a sodium heat pipe, because a small vapor pressure drop makes a large temperature drop. The transition temperature was reached more rapidly in the cases of high heat input rate for the sodium heat pipe.     

Development of an Isothermal Journal Bearing Employing Heat-Pipe Cooling Technology

This paper reports the development of an isothermal journal bearing by employing heat-pipe cooling technology for improved thermal-tribological performance. A stainless-steel bearing with a number of heat-pipe grooves which use methanol as the working fluid was designed and constructed to verify the heat-transfer mechanism in the isothermal journal bearing. The constructed journal bearing was tested to evaluate its thermal performance. The experimental results indicated that the heat pipe uniformly distributes the “frictional heat” along the entire circumference of the bearing. As a result, the journal bearing becomes a nearly isothermal element. Experimental data also indicate that with the heat pipe as a heat sink, the bearing can work at a much higher thermal load.