快速汽相沉积法制备硅薄膜太阳电池

对在重掺杂抛光单晶硅衬底上用ＲＴＣＶＤ法形成硅薄膜太阳电池进行了研究。衬底为〈１００〉晶向ｐ＋ ＋ 型重掺硅片,电阻率为５×１０－ ３Ωｃｍ 。主要工艺过程为：在衬底上生长一层硅薄膜同时掺硼,膜厚３８μｍ ,扩磷制备ｐ－ｎ 结,背面蒸Ａｌ及Ｔｉ／Ｐｄ／Ａｇ 制背电极,正表面在扩散后生长一层ＳｉＯ２ ,前面用光刻剥离法制备Ｔｉ／Ｐｄ／Ａｇ 电极,制成的１ｃｍ ２ 太阳电池,开路电压ＶＯＣ＝ ６１２．８ｍ Ｖ,短路电流ＩＳＣ＝ ２９．３ｍ Ａ,填充因子ＦＦ＝ ０．７５７９,效率η＝ １３．６１。对一些影响电池特性的因素进行了研究,发现硅薄膜的掺杂浓度、发射层的掺杂浓度以及减反射层都对太阳电池的特性有较大影响。     

用解析模型拟合太阳电池I—V特性的实验数据

采用单指数和双指数形式太阳电池理论模型对太阳能电池的Ｉ－Ｖ特的实验数据进行拟合，其最大相对误差为０．６５－０．２３％，均方根差为２．５ｍＡ－６．３ｍＡ。获得了重要特定参数的拟合值，拟合精度接近多项式模型的结果。     

Fe2O3—Cr2O3选择性吸收涂层的研究

研究了Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３有机硅改性丙烯酸选择性吸收涂层及其与ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２选择性透过膜复合涂层的性能，讨论了影响涂层光学性能的因素。当黑色颜料用量为４０－５０％、粒径０．０５－０．５μｍ、掺铝箔２０％左右、涂层厚度的２μｍ时，涂层光学性能较佳。该涂层还有较好的力学、耐腐蚀及耐老化等性能。涂敷ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２薄膜后其光学性能、硬度和耐蚀性等均得到改善。     

感应电热设备的设计(16)

（３）感应器的计算举例仍以上题为例进行计算,这样,我们就已知Ｄ２＝０．０５５ｍ,　　　ａ２＝０．８０ｍＤ１＝０．１ｍ,ａ１＝０．８７ｍＰ２＝１３５．５ｋＷ,ｒ２＝３．２×１０－５Ωｘ２＝２．７８×１０－５Ω,ｆ＝２５００Ｈｚ继续上述计算滌滜电抗ｘ０ｘ１０＝ωπ２Ｄ２１×１０－７／ａ１＝２π×２５００π２×０．１２×１０－７／０．８７＝１７．８×１０－５Ωｋ１＝ｆ（Ｄ１ａ１）＝ｆ（０．１１５）＝０．９５２　查图２。ｘ０＝ｘ１０ｋ１ａ１／（ａ１－ｋ１ａ２）＝１７．８×１０－５×０．９５２×０．８７／…     

P型μC－SiC：H窗口材料掺杂特性的研究

用等离子体射频辉光放电法，在低衬底温度（＜１７０℃）、小ｒｆ功率（＜６０ｍＷｃｍ２）条件下，实现了硼掺杂硅碳合金薄膜材料的微晶化。获得了暗电导率σＤ～０．２ｓｃｍ－１、光带隙宽度Ｅｏｐｔ～２．２ｅＶ的ｐ型微晶氢化硅碳合金（μＣ－Ｓｉ：Ｂ：Ｈ）薄膜。晶化的关键是Ｈ２稀释率和掺杂水平的控制。对该材料的掺杂效应、光电特性以及掺杂水平对材料结构的影响进行了详细研究。     

用解析模型拟合太阳电池I－V特性的实验数据

采用单指数和双指数形式太阳电池理论模型对太阳电池的Ｉ－Ｖ特性的实验数据进行拟合，其最大相对误差为０．６５％—０．２３％，均方根差为２．５ｍＡ—６．３ｍＡ。获得了重要待定参数的拟合值，拟合精度接近多项式模型的结果。     

SnO_2／p接触特性对a－Si太阳电池填充因子的影响

用ＰＥＣＶＤ方法制备出高电导率（～０．２ｓｃｍ－１）、宽带隙（～２．２ｅＶ）的Ｐ型微晶化硅碳合金（ｐ－μｃ－ＳｉＣ：Ｈ）薄膜材料。利用ｐ－μＣ－ＳｉＣ：Ｈ／ｐ－ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ复合结构做ａ－Ｓｉ太阳电池的窗口材料，明显改善了ＳｎＯ２／ｐ之间的接触特性，从而使１０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ单结集成型电池的填充因子从０．７０以下提高到０．７２。     

某些稀土离子对电沉积CdTd薄膜性能影响的研究

ＣｄＴｅ薄膜半导体电极通过电沉积法制备。电沉积溶液组成对ＣｄＴｅ薄膜组成和性能有较大影响，通过在电镀液中添加某些稀土离子，结合ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＸＰＳ和光电Ｉ－Ｖ特性曲线进行分析研究，表明电沉积ＣｄＴｅ薄膜存在择优取向，经２５０℃热处理后，晶粒长大，镀液中添加Ｙ＾３＋、Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｃｅ＾３＋和Ｎｄ＾３＋后增大尤为明显，晶粒线性尺寸最大达２．５－３．０×１０＾－７ｍ左右，并伴有孪晶产生，可提高薄膜Ｃｄ     

激光开槽埋槽电极硅太阳电池的性能及分析

报道了面积为４５ｃｍ＾２的激光开槽、埋槽电极硅太阳电池的研制情况。在ＡＭ１．５、２５℃、１００ｍＷｃｍ＾－２的条件下，测试３６片该类太阳电池，其输出参数的平均值为：Ｊｓｃ＝３６．１ｍＡｃｍ＾－２，Ｖｏｃ＝６３３ｍＶ，Ｆ．Ｆ＝０．７９８，η＝１８．２３％，最后，分析了该类电池特有的工艺及结构设计的作用机理。     

一种测定大气辐照度的实验装置

提出一种新的测定大气辐射照度的物理模型，并据此建立一台实验装置，在该装置中并排放置两个完全相同的感应件，感应件均由紫铜箔片加工圆盘形，其上表面氧化并涂黑，下表面中心点处各点焊一对测温微热偶，并用双面胶各粘附一微电热器，靠近感受件正上方分别屏蔽一块面积远大于感受件面积的“罩屏”。一块是５μｍ厚的聚乙烯薄膜，它在（２．５－５０μｍ）内的法向光谱透射率除少数几个吸收峰外，较平坦，其均值为０．８５；另一块     

B0+B0-B0+B0轴式八轴机车的轴重转移分析

针对B0 B0-B0 B0轴式八轴机车不同的牵引方案,在定义了名义牵引高、过渡牵引高和等效牵引高的基础上,进行了轴重转移的计算分析.分析结果表明不管B0 B0-B0 B0轴式八轴机车的悬挂采用什么方案,机车的最佳牵引高总是接近轨面的,采用水平牵引装置很难达到最佳的黏着利用率.通过采用斜牵引杆结构,使机车的名义牵引高达到最佳牵引高,就能获得较高的黏着利用率.分析了斜牵引杆结构的名义牵引高和倾斜角对机车黏着利用率的影响,给B0 B0-B0 B0轴式八轴机车牵引机构的设计提供了理论依据.     

SL4100B/SL4105B型直喷柴油机的研制

本文论述了SL4100B/SL4105B直喷柴油机的研制,各部分结构特点与主要技术参数,并通过性能试验及可靠性考核证明这两型柴油机各项技术指标达到国内外同类机型的先进水平,且动力性和经济性处于领先地位。     

无源网络接入B2B型MMC-HVDC的Lyapunov控制策略研究

模块化多电平变流器（MMC）用于高压直流输电（HVDC）系统中时,通常采用PI控制方法,但这种策略存在参数选取繁杂、动态性能较差的缺点。为了提高高压直流输电（HVDC）系统的动态性能、简化参数选取,提出背靠背（B2B）型模块化多电平变流器-高压直流输电（MMC-HVDC）系统的Lyapunov控制策略。首先,建立B2B型MMC-HVDC数学模型;然后,设计Lyapunov函数控制策略;其次,在控制部分加入环流抑制、移相载波调制等,以完整地实现系统功能;最后,在Matlab/Simulink平台上验证了Lyapunov控制策略具有参数选择容易、动态性能优良的特点。     

Ultra-high capacity hydrogen storage of B6Be2 and B8Be2 clusters

The B₆Be₂ and B₈Be₂ clusters, adopting fascinating inverse sandwich-like geometries, were recently predicted with quantum chemical calculations. Both systems exhibit the high stability and double aromaticity with 4σ/6π or 6σ/6π delocalized electrons. The hydrogen storage of two systems is studied in the present paper. Our calculations show that B₆Be₂ and B₈Be₂ clusters have the ultra-high capacity hydrogen storage, each Be site can bound up with seven H₂ molecules, corresponding to a gravimetric density of 25.3 wt percentage (wt%) for B₆Be₂ and 21.1 wt% for B₈Be₂, respectively, which far exceeds the target (5.5 wt%) proposed by the US department of energy (DOE) in 2017. The average absorption energies of 0.10–0.45 eV/H₂ for B₆Be₂ and 0.11–0.50 eV/H₂ for B₈Be₂ at the wB97XD level suggest that both systems are ideal for reversible hydrogen storage and release. The reversibility of H₂ molecules on B₆Be₂ and B₈Be₂ complexes are faithfully demonstrated with the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. The Be-doped boron nanostructure is a promising candidate for ultra-high hydrogen storage materials.     

The high-capacity hydrogen storage of B6Ca2 and B8Ca2 inverse sandwiches

The B₆Ca₂ and B₈Ca₂ clusters adopt interesting inverse sandwich architectures, featuring a prolate B₆ (or perfect B₈) ring jammed with two capping Ca atoms. Both clusters show the high thermodynamic stability due to the double (σ and π) electronic delocalization. In present paper, we computationally studied the hydrogen storage of them. The results suggest that each Ca site in B₆Ca₂ and B₈Ca₂ clusters could store up six H₂, yielding a gravimetric density of 14.2 wt% for B₆Ca₂ and 12.6 wt% for B₈Ca₂. The average adsorption energy for H₂-adsorbed B₆Ca₂ and B₈Ca₂ complexes is within the scope of 0.12–0.15 eV per H₂ at wB97XD level, hinting that two clusters could reversibly store and release hydrogen, which is positively confirmed by the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. Both B₆Ca₂ and B₈Ca₂ nanoclusters are feasible hydrogen storage media under the ambient condition.     

A density functional study of small Li–B and Li–B–H clusters

In this work we present the results of a detailed theoretical research for the small Li_nB_m clusters and their hydrogen storage properties by means of density functional theory. All calculations were performed by using Gaussian03 program. For the optimization of the clusters 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was employed. We have chosen global minimum of B₆ cluster as the starting point and replaced the boron atoms one at a time, in a stepwise manner, with Li atoms. For these new structures we have searched for the stable configurations, and calculated their energies, HOMO–LUMO energy gaps, Raman and infrared data, average boron, and lithium charge distribution, and vibrational frequencies. Our results show that as the number of Li atoms increases, stability of the clusters decreases and they become more reactive. In addition to that, there are significant charge transfers from boron atoms to lithium atoms on average. The hydrogen storage capabilities of the most stable isomers of Li_nB_m and B₆ clusters have also been investigated by the same methods, and the results are compared. The Li₃B₃ has the highest hydrogen storage capacity among the clusters investigated in this study. Furthermore, formation of hydrogen molecules is observed in the vicinity of the clusters, some of which are attached to the Li atoms. In addition, as the number of hydrogen atoms increases, the boron atoms are separated from the other boron atoms, and they form satellite BH_x (x = 3,4) clusters around the center. These are attached to the system by a bridging bond of a hydrogen or a Li atom.     

Session B: Bioconversion and Separation

In this investigation, the performance and economic evaluation of a solar heating and cooling system was studied using the transient simulation program (TRNSYS). The domestic water heating load, space heating load, and the cooling load of a typical Egyptian house were considered. The study involves five different localities which were chosen to represent the climatic changes all over Egypt. These localities are: Aswan (Upper Egypt), Kharga (Western Desert), Asyout (Middle Egypt), Cairo (Cairo), and Marsa Matrouh (Mediterranean).     

Superior electrochemical performances of LaMgNi alloys with A2B7/A5B19 double phase

Here, phase transformation and electrochemical characteristics of non-stoichiometry La₄MgNi_x (x = 16, 17 and 18) hydrogen storage alloys were studied. It is found that after annealed at 1223 K for 24 h, the minor AB₃ and AB₅ phases in La₄MgNi₁₆ alloy transform into A₂B₇ phase by a peritectic reaction and the La₄MgNi₁₆ alloy shows a A₂B₇ single phase structure. Double phase structures of A₂B₇/A₅B₁₉ are obtained in La₄MgNi₁₇ and La₄MgNi₁₈ alloys after annealed at the same condition. The abundance of A₅B₁₉ phase increases as x increases, indicating the increasing x value contributes to the formation of A₅B₁₉ phases. Electrochemical studies show that the maximum discharge capacity and capacity retention at the 100^th charge/discharge cycles (S₁₀₀) of A₂B₇ single phase La₄MgNi₁₆ alloy is 373 mAh g⁻¹ and 78.4%, respectively. The appearance of A₅B₁₉ (minor) phase in the La₄MgNi₁₇ alloy makes a remarkable improvement in the discharge capacity from 373 mAh g⁻¹ to 388.8 mAh g⁻¹, as well as the S₁₀₀ from 78.4% to 90.1%. It is believed that the LaMgNi-based alloy with the A₂B₇(main)/A₅B₁₉(minor) phase structure possesses the good overall electrochemical properties and is applicable to the high-power and long-cycle life negative electrode material for nickel metal hydride batteries.     

Investigation of the burning properties of Zr/B type and Ti/B type alloy delay compositions

This study explored the reaction characteristics and the burning properties of Zirconium/Boron type and Titanium/Boron type alloy delay compositions. Firstly, the initial reaction temperature and reaction heat of these two type delay compositions were measured by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), which can aid to understand the reaction characteristics in advance. Afterward these delay compositions of different formulas were processed to be cylindrical pellets and were characterized by measuring their burning properties including igniting ability, burning rate and output flame temperature. In the experiments, the cylindrical pellets were packed into a heat-resisting quartz tube and were ignited by an electrical-heating wire. A high-speed video camera and a digital-image processing device were used simultaneously for recording of their combustion phenomena such as ignition and flame propagation. In addition, the output flame temperature was detected by placing a thermocouple at the end of the quartz tube. The influence of each ingredient of the formula on the reaction characteristics and the burning properties were analyzed from the experimental results. The consequences of these analyses will contribute to the evaluation of applied feasibility and limiting factors of these two type alloy delay compositions in the self-destruction mechanism module of fuse.