混合元件数对SK型静态混合器流场特性的影响

以SK型静态混合器为对象,运用激光多普勒测速仪对混合器内流场进行测量分析,研究混合元件数对混合器内速度分布和湍动性能影响。结果表明：在扭旋叶片作用下,流体在混合器内的速度会重新分布,湍动会被强化,这一过程主要在前3个混合元件中实现,且湍动逐渐增加,但增加速度逐渐减弱,第1个混合元件强化作用最为显著,进入第4个混合元件后基本达到稳定;当混合叶片数量超过3个以后,对流体湍动的强化基本达到混合器强化能力的极限,继续增加元件数量不能提高流体的湍动程度,但可以维持这种湍动。     

数值模拟静态混合器结构对PS/CO_2熔体温度的影响

利用专用CFD软件Polyflow对SMX型和Kenics型静态混合器中PS/CO_2发泡溶液进行数值模拟计算,分析比较不同板厚在不同元件个数条件下两种静态混合器消耗的压力损失,以及不同CO_2浓度对静态混合器压力损失的影响;并引入"离散系数"分析比较两种静态混合器出口温度均匀性的变化.数值模拟的结果表明:SMX型静态混合器冷却效果优于Kenics型静态混合器,并且SMX型静态混合器出口温度均匀性高于Kenics型静态混合器.     

SK型静态混合器内流体流动与传热数值模拟

利用Pro/e 5.0对SK型静态混合器进行参数化建模,运用ANSYS-CFX软件对混合器内流体的流场进行了模拟;分析了SK型静态混合器内流体的流动特性及混合机理,发现在单个混合元件的L/2长处流体的径向平均速度到达最大值,流体径向旋转方向与所在通道的混合元件螺旋方向相反;另外对静态混合器和空管混合器的传热性能进行了对比模拟,进一步证实了静态混合器具有更好的强化传热效果,为静态混合器的设计与研究工作提供了参考。     

叶片排列角度对三螺旋静态混合器混合效果的影响

三螺旋结构静态混合器是一种新型的多螺旋流道静态混合器，其扭旋元件能够将混合管内流体分成多股支流，产生相反的螺旋流动，促进流体混合，为探究每个扭旋元件相邻叶片的排列角度对混合效果的影响规律，利用计算流体力学(CFD)中的Fluent软件，在低雷诺数状态下，对5种静态混合器进行数值模拟。结果表明，在低雷诺数状态下，每个扭旋元件相邻叶片间夹角θ在0°～60°范围内变化时，叶片对流体的切割、分流作用不同，随着θ的减小，混合效果增强；流体流经θ=0°的静态混合器3个扭旋元件时，分离强度下降至0.073,达到较好的混合效果；当θ=0°～30°时，静态混合器能耗随着θ增大而降低，当θ=30°～60°时，静态混合器能耗变化较小。     

SMV型静态混合器流速场的实验测定

通过使用激光多普勒测速仪测量 SMV 型静态混合器的流速场,可以得到不同混合元件数下的时均速度场、湍流强度场。静态混合器流体流型基本上符合 SMV 混合元件的层状结构,不同混合元件数下时均速度场、湍流强度场比较相似。湍流强度随着混合元件数增加而增大,其中在混合元件由1个增加到2个时,湍流强度增幅达到0.61至0.74倍。     

静态混合器及其应用

<正> 一般,静态混合器由一些相同的静止混合元件组成,这些元件呈90°,前后置列于管道或槽道中。混合动力利用流体流动力。本文介绍了12种不同的混合元件。通过严格设计的物料导向、交叉和旋转、位移和畸变以及分流和扩散达到层流静态混合器的混合作用。为了达到相同的均质,混合长度视混合要求不同,设计长度差异很大,静态混合器的压力降比层流空管高>～300倍,比湍流高100～600倍。     

静态混合器的入口结构对液液分散的影响

静态混合器广泛应用于溶剂萃取,改造静态混合器的入口结构可以提升混合效果。为探究不同入口结构对液液分散的影响,以传统SK型静态混合器、非对流入口静态混合器、Roughton静态混合器、Y-静态混合器4种不同入口结构的静态混合器为研究对象,通过计算流体力学-种群平衡模型（CFD-PBM）数值模拟方法,考察了不同入口结构对静态混合器中液体流速、混合效果和Sauter平均直径（d32）的影响。模拟结果表明：不同入口结构的静态混合器具有显著差异的流体流动状态、混合效果和液液分散效果。混合效果和液液分散效果从好到差依次为Y-静态混合器、Roughton静态混合器、非对流入口静态混合器和传统SK型静态混合器。在混合元件区,4种入口类型的静态混合器的流速相同,但是混合元件发挥混合和分散的作用不同。Y-静态混合器和Roughton静态混合器作为液液分散设备,可以以较少的混合元件数实现高分散效果。     

Kenics混合器混合性能的模拟研究

利用Fluent有限元分析软件计算了流体流过Kenics混合器过程中的应变速率,进而分析混合元件转速与旋转式Kenics混合器混合效率的关系,以及混合元件与机筒间隙对静态和旋转式Kenics混合器对混合效率的影响。模拟分析结果表明:旋转式Kenics混合器混合效率随转速增加而提高;减小混合元件与机筒间间隙有利于增加静态Kenics混合器混合效率,但间隙的减小对旋转式Kenics混合器混合效率的影响却很小。     

SV型静态混合器湍流阻力的初步研究

为了获得流体在SV型静态混合器中湍流流动时的流动阻力规律,提出一种新的含有SV型静态混合器重要几何结构参数的流体阻力计算模型。对于不可压缩流体,将其在SV型静态混合器中的运动分解成沿管壁与轴线方向平行和沿混合元件凹槽方向的直线运动。运用流体力学理论,分别求解出流体作2种运动时所产生的湍流流体阻力的计算式,并计入相邻混合元件交接部分的局部阻力,然后进行叠加得到流体阻力理论计算式。以水为实验介质,对SV型静态混合器流体湍流阻力进行了实验测量,与理论结论进行比较分析,得出摩擦因子λ与Re-0.2呈线性关系的结论。     

SK型静态混合器湍流速度脉动特性

以SK型静态混合器为研究对象,运用激光多普勒测速仪对管内的速度脉动进行测量。结果表明:湍流时在第1个元件内的轴向速度脉动较小,进入第2个混合元件后轴向脉动均方根可达平均流速的0.5—0.7倍且基本达到稳态;每个元件的入口有1个均方根可达到0.8—1.0倍平均流速的轴向速度脉动尖峰;流体离开混合元件后,各个方向上的速度脉动都迅速衰减,经过1个混合元件长度后脉动速度均方根衰减到平均流速的0.3倍左右,流过4—5个混合元件长度后基本衰减到混合器入口处的速度脉动水平。     

Drop Breakup in an SMX Static Mixer in Laminar Flow

The mechanism of drop breakup inside SMX static mixers in the laminar flow regime was studied using experimental observations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The deformation and breakup of a single drop was simulated using the volume of fluid (VOF) model. It was observed that drops break up after collision with the leading edges and cross‐points of the bars in the SMX static mixer. It was found that drop collision with the bar cross‐points of the SMX static mixer elements is most effective for drop breakup. Elongation and folding result in drop breakup at the cross‐points.     

Numerical investigation of blade shape in static mixing

The mixing performance of the KMX and SMX static mixers have been compared using 3D high-resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Although these mixers have a similar design composed of layers of blades, their blade shape is different: curved for the KMX and flat for the SMX. The flow of a Newtonian fluid in steady laminar regime has been considered as the benchmark of the study. The simulation was first validated by assessing the pressure drop vs. the number of mixer elements and the results were found to be in good agreement with experimental data. To evaluate the mixing quality, cross-section stream function, extensional efficiency, mean shear rate, residence time, intensity of segregation, stretching, and Lyapunov exponent have been selected. Analysis of the flow pattern and mixing parameters shows differences between the mixers and it appears that the curved blade is more efficient than the flat blade design at the expense of a slightly higher pressure drop. In practice, the KMX mixer should provide a higher mixing rate at high viscosity ratio than the SMX mixer. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 44–58, 2005     

Improving mixing performance by curved-blade static mixer

This article addresses design modification to a flat-blade static mixer to enhance mixing performance. The static mixer elements used in this work consist of four blades with curvature made to intensify turbulent-like flow, while reducing the pressure drop. The blades were mounted on a cylindrical housing with 45° rotation relative to the axial direction. The mixer assembly was used in three different arrangements of 8, 10, and 14 elements for a range of Reynolds number between 600 and 7,000. The coefficient of variance (COV) of samples was used to measure the mixing quality. The curved-blade mixer provides considerable improvement in mixing quality compared with the flat-blade mixer and comparable to the SMX mixer. Compared with the flat-blade static mixer, the new design reduces the COV by up to about 50%. This effect is more pronounced when the number of mixing elements increases. Furthermore, the friction factors for the modified mixer, obtained at a wide range of Reynolds number, were apparently smaller than those for the flat-blade, SMX, and SMV mixers. The correlation presented for the friction factor, when all mixer arrangements and aspect ratios were considered, supports the experimental data with ±15% deviation.     

Numerical investigation of the performance of several static mixers

The performance of six static mixer (Kenics, Inliner, LPD, Cleveland, SMX and ISG) are compared using 3D numerical simulations in laminar creeping flow regime. Numerical pressure drop results are tested against experimental ones, showing overall a good agreement. Besides pressure drop, four criteria (extensional efficiency, stretching, mean shear rate and intensity of segregation) are chosen to compare the static mixers. It appears that Kenics, Inliner, LPD and Cleveland mixers are rather similar. The ISG mixer seems better than this first group of mixers, but pressure drop is too high compared to other advantages. From our numerical results, SMX appears to be the most efficient of the six compared static mixers.     

FRICTION FACTOR IN STATIC MIXER AND DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF SMX SULZER MIXERS

Pressure drops were determined in fluid flow through SMX Suizer static mixer of different sizes. In order to investigate a large range of Reynolds number, the experiments were performed with fluids of different viscosities. Pressure drops measurements in static mixer considered as a porous medium, are analysed with a capillary model for the determination of the geometric parameters of static mixers: pore diameter and tortuosity. These parameters allow the expression of pressure drops in terms of friction factor,f_c as a function of pore Reynolds number, Re_pA universal equation is obtained for the friction factor:f_c=16/Re_p+,0.194 which covers both viscous and inertial flow regimes.     

Performance of Kenics static mixer over a wide range of Reynolds number

The present study deals with the numerical simulation of flow patterns and mixing behaviour in Kenics static mixer over a wide range of Reynolds number. Three different sets of Kenics mixer (aspect ratio = 1.5) comprised of 3, 9 and 25 elements each have been characterized. The Reynolds number was varied in the range of 1 to 25,000 (i.e., from laminar to turbulent flow regime). The numerical approach takes into account the aspects of the fluid flow at higher Reynolds number values including circumferential velocity profiles at different cross-sections within the Kenics mixer, which were neglected in previous studies. It was observed that cross-sectional mixing in the turbulent flow regime takes place up to 30% of each element length at element-to-element transition; beyond that velocity profiles were uniform. The experiments were also carried out to measure the circumferential and axial velocity profiles and pressure drop in three different Kenics Mixers using air as fluid. The pressure drop per unit element (ΔP/η) was found to be independent of the number of Kenics mixing elements used in the system. The total pressure drop across Kenics mixer obtained by CFD simulations were compared with the experimental pressure drop values and correlations available in the literature. The numerical results were found in good agreement with the experimental as well as the results reported in the literature. A new pressure drop correlation in the Kenics static mixer has been developed.     

Scaling inline static mixers for flocculation of oil sand mature fine tailings

Operations to reclaim mature fine tailings (MFT) ponds involve flocculation using high‐molecular‐weight polymers, for which inline static mixers are suited. Three different commercial static mixers were utilized to determine mixing parameters corresponding to optimal dewatering performance of flocculated MFT. MFT was treated with polymer solution under different mixing conditions. The dewatering rates passed through a peak with increasing mean velocity, V and Reynolds number, Re of the fluid. The greater the number of mixer elements, the lower the V and Re at which the peak dewatering rate occurred. Mixing parameters such as G‐value, residence time, and mixing energy dissipation rate of the most rapidly dewatering flocculated MFT were dependent on mixer type and setup. In contrast, peak dewatering rates converged when scaled with respect to specific mixing energy, E, demonstrating that E is a suitable scale‐up parameter for inline static mixing to produce optimally dewatering MFT. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4402–4411, 2015     

Effects of geometry and flow rate on secondary flow and the mixing process in static mixers—a numerical study

A method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the characterization of static mixers using the Z factor, helicity and the rate of striation thinning is presented. These measures were found to be well-suited for the characterization of static mixers as they reflect the pressure drop, the formation of secondary flow, i.e. vortices, and their effect on the mixing process. Two commercial static mixers, the Kenics KM and Lightnin Series 45, have been characterized. In the mixers investigated, secondary flow is formed in the flow at the element intersections and due to the curvature of the mixer elements. The intensity of the vortices is higher in the Lightnin than the Kenics mixer due to edges in the middle of the Lightnin mixer elements. The formation of vortices affects the Z factor by an increase in the power requirement, and the rate of striation thinning by an increase in the stretching of the striations. The formation of vortices was observed at a Reynolds number of 10 in both mixers with aspect ratios of 1.5. However, the intensity of the vortices was greater in the Lightnin than the Kenics mixer, which was observed in not only the magnitude of the helicity, but also the Z factor, rate of striation thinning and the distribution of striation thickness.The distribution in striation thickness is shifted towards thin striations as the flow rate is increased from below to above the Reynolds numbers of which vortices were first observed, but some striations still pass the mixer elements almost unaffected, which can be seen in the skewness of the distribution of the striation thickness, which shifts from being negative to positive.     

SK型静态混合器出口速度特性研究

以SK型静态混合器为研究对象,运用激光多普勒测速仪对混合管出口速度进行测量。结果表明,流体离开混合元件后,混合元件作用于流体形成的旋涡还将维持一段距离,在离开混合管出口约3/8~3/4元件长度后才完全消失,在此之前对径向混合仍有一定强化作用;而混合元件对流体湍动的强化作用在流体离开混合元件后能持续更长距离,脉动均方根与湍流强度在离混合管出口一个混合元件长度范围内衰减较快,而后逐渐减缓,在离混合管出口4~5倍混合元件长度后才恢复到入口水平;速度脉动均方根在轴向与径向上衰减较快而在切向上衰减相对缓慢。