添加Be对CoCrFeNi高熵合金组织和性能影响的研究

目的 研究CoCrFeNi高熵合金组织和性能在添加Be后的变化,通过高熵合金固溶体相形成规律,设计从面心立方固溶体转变至含体心立方及金属间化合物的(CoCrFeNi)1-xBex系列高熵合金。方法 通过计算验证(CoCrFeNi)1-xBex系列高熵合金的成分是否落入固溶体区域,并对上述成分高熵合金组织和力学性能进行研究。结果 Be元素的原子数分数为4%时,高熵合金仍为单一的FCC相结构,随着Be元素含量的进一步增加,基体中出现BCC相和金属间化合物。Be的添加使得(CoCrFeNi)1-xBex高熵合金的屈服强度及显微硬度均大大提高,同时密度降低。结论 根据相形成规律设计的(CoCrFeNi)1-xBex系列高熵合金表明,适量添加Be元素可以改善CoCrFeNi高熵合金的综合物理力学性能。     

激光熔覆FeCoCrNi系高熵合金涂层的组织及高温摩擦学性能EI北大核心

高熵合金涂层在提高不锈钢基材的耐磨性方面具有巨大的潜力。为探究Cu/Si两种元素掺杂对FeCoCrNi高熵合金涂层组织及高温摩擦学性能的影响,采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢表面制备出FeCoCrNiCu_(x)和FeCoCrNiSi_(x)系列高熵合金涂层。采用XRD,SEM,EDS等手段表征了涂层的微观组织及物相分布,通过高温摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的高温摩擦学性能。结果表明:在合适的激光熔覆工艺参数下,FeCoCrNiCu_(x)和FeCoCrNiSi_(x)高熵合金涂层均形成了单一的FCC型固溶体,与基体呈良好的冶金结合;Cu元素的加入降低了FeCoCrNi涂层表面硬度,但由于涂层热导率提高,界面结合情况改善;Si元素的加入促进了晶粒细化,提高了涂层表面硬度;在600℃下,Cu/Si元素的加入对涂层的摩擦学性能均有明显改善,其中FeCoCrNiCu及FeCoCrNiSi涂层的摩擦因数分别为0.24和0.19,磨损率分别为1.58×10^(-4)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1)和6.77×10^(-5)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1),相比于FeCoCrNi涂层分别降低了56.1%和81.9%。FeCoCrNiCu涂层主要磨损机制为氧化磨损、疲劳磨损及轻微磨粒磨损,而FeCoCrNiSi涂层为氧化磨损。     

CoCrFeNiTix高熵合金涂层的显微组织和耐磨性能

用激光熔覆工艺在40Cr钢表面制备CoCrFeNiTi_x (x=0、0.2、0.5、0.8)高熵合金涂层并计算其热力学参数,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机等手段检测合金的物相组成、组织、元素分布、硬度及耐磨性,研究了Ti元素含量对其显微组织和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：随着Ti元素含量的提高,合金物相在面心立方(FCC)结构的基础上形成了体心立方(BCC)结构,熔覆层中部的组织由晶界明显、晶粒分布均匀的等轴晶组成,最后形成了柱状树枝晶;随着Ti元素含量的提高,合金横截面的硬度逐渐提高,最高为412.32 HV_0.2,比基体的硬度提高了1.8倍;涂层的磨损量和摩擦系数均随之降低,Ti含量为0.8时涂层其耐磨性能最优,磨损量最小为6.8 mg,摩擦系数为0.35。涂层的磨损机制,以磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损为主。     

密排六方结构高熵合金研究进展

高熵合金自问世以来,因其性能独特很快就引起了广大学者的兴趣。对高熵合金的定义,现在大家普遍认为的是由5种及5种以上的主要元素以等摩尔比或近似等摩尔比构成,且每种元素占总成分的5%~35%。对配置熵、混合焓、原子半径差、价电子浓度等物相参数进行计算,并结合CALPHAD相图模拟和第一性原理密度泛函理论(DFT)以及AIMD模拟,可用来初步预测高熵合金的相结构。目前,主要有面心立方(FCC)、体心立方(BCC)和密排六方结构(HCP)3大类固溶体高熵合金,其中HCP高熵合金鲜见,主要为稀土元素类和贵金属元素类HCP高熵合金。近几年研究发现FCC高熵合金通过特殊的处理方式(如高压)也可转变成HCP高熵合金。对HCP高熵合金的结构、相形成规律以及性能进行了综述,并讨论了其未来发展趋势。     

真空熔炼多组元Cu_xAlFeNiCrTi高熵合金的显微组织和性能

多组元高熵合金是一种具有五种以上组元的新型合金。通过真空电弧熔炼炉熔铸得到了不同铜含量的高熵合金Cu_xAlFeNiCrTi(x=1和0.5),再通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及显微硬度计分析了高熵合金的显微组织、结构、硬度和耐腐蚀性能等。结果表明:高熵合金具有简单的相结构,合金硬度在800 HV以上,耐碱腐蚀性能优于耐酸腐蚀性能;随着铜元素含量的减少,合金结构由体心立方+面心立方结构变为体心立方结构,合金硬度增加,耐腐蚀性能提高。     

Mo含量对Al_(0.1)CoCrCu_(0.5)FeNiMo_x高熵合金的组织结构、力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响

在不锈钢中加入Mo元素,可以使不锈钢的钝化膜稳定,提高其耐蚀性。本研究通过XRD、EPMA、硬度测试、压缩测试和动电位极化测试等分析测试方法,系统研究了Mo元素含量对Al_(0. 1)CoCr Cu_(0. 5)FeNiMo_x高熵合金的显微组织结构、力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明,该合金为树枝晶结构,由FCC相和FCC结构的富Cu相及σ相组成。该合金的硬度与屈服强度随着Mo元素含量的增加而增大。随着Mo元素含量增加,腐蚀电位先升高后降低,腐蚀电流密度降低,其耐均匀腐蚀性能明显提高,钝化区间显著增大,表现出对氯离子较好的抗性。     

Zr元素对AlFeCrCoCuZr_x高熵合金组织及腐蚀性能的影响

对铸态AlFeCrCoCuZr_x(x=0,0.5,1)多组元高熵合金的微观组织、硬度及其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。研究表明:合金微观组织为典型的树枝晶结构,随着Zr元素的加入,枝晶由单一的BCC相转变为由两相组成,而枝晶间由富Cu的FCC相组成并保持不变。合金硬度随Zr元素的增加而提高,AlFeCrCoCuZr合金的硬度达到698HV。合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能均优于304L不锈钢,但随着Zr含量的增加,合金的耐蚀性降低。     

多主元高熵合金AlFeCuCoNiCr的微观结构

依据多主元高熵合金的设计理念,采用真空电弧炉熔炼等摩尔比多主元高熵合金AlFeCuCoNiCr,研究合金的组织结构。研究发现:AlFeCuCoNiCr合金的铸态组织是典型的树枝晶,并有纳米析出相和非晶相形成;合金存在严重的成分偏析现象,铜偏聚于枝晶间;合金形成了简单的面心立方+体心立方(FCC+BCC)结构和少量金属间化合物。     

C对CoFe2NiV0.5Mo0.2高熵合金结构和力学性能的影响

研究添加0％ ～10％(原子分数,下同)C对CoFe2NiV0.5Mo0.2高熵合金显微组织、相结构和室温力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着C含量的增加,合金的微观组织由单一面心立方结构(FCC)转变为FCC基体+V8 C7碳化物纤维的共晶组织,再转变为FCC基体+粗大V8 C7+针状MoC组织,在转变过程中合金的压缩屈服强度明显提升,并保持较高的塑性.其中添加6％C时,合金的屈服强度和硬度可达到900 MPa、270HV.研究结果显示,以C为代表的小原子半径元素可以作为间隙固溶元素或与金属元素相结合形成碳化物第二相来提高FCC结构高熵合金的强度,改善合金的综合力学性能.     

铝材表面激光熔覆Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金层的组织与性能

为了提高铝合金的耐磨性及耐蚀性并降低高熵合金中元素偏析的现象,采用CO_2激光熔覆技术在铝基体表面制备了Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金熔覆层。借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电化学工作站检测技术研究了Ti含量对Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x熔覆层显微组织和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金熔覆层主要相结构为简单的面心立方相、金属间化合物相和Laves相;当Ti含量摩尔比从0.5增至2.0时,Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金熔覆层的表面硬度从510 HV增加到554 HV,在0.5 mol/L HNO_3溶液中具有优异的耐蚀性能。     

Development of novel CoCu0.5FeNiVTix (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) high-entropy alloys

CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi_x (x?=?0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared using vacuum arc melting. The microstructures, crystal structures, hardness, compressive properties and wear resistances of the alloys were studied. The alloys always contained face-centred cubic (FCC) and body-centred cubic (BCC) solid solution regardless of the increase in Ti content. The microstructure of alloys exhibited typical dendritic characteristics, which were more and more unapparent with the increase in the Ti content. The alloys with a high content of Ti had a high compressive strength and low ductility. Owing to the formation of nano-precipitates and BCC as the major phase, the CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi₁ alloy exhibited the highest compressive strength of 2747?MPa and a plastic strain limit of 7.4%. As the content of Ti was increased, the wear resistance of CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi_x alloys displayed a rapid increase and reached the highest value when x?=?1, and finally decreased. Because of the large volume fraction of BCC, the CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi₁ alloy exhibited high hardness so exhibiting the best wear resistance. Adhesive wear and abrasive wear dominated the wear behaviour of CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi_x alloys during sliding against SUJ2 steel.     

激光熔覆Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.75Nbx高熵合金的组织和性能研究

目的 研究Nb含量对高熵合金Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.75Nbx熔覆层组织和性能的影响.方法 在H13钢表面制备了Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.75Nbx(x=0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,原子数分数)高熵合金熔覆层,研究Nb含量对熔覆层的物相组织、微观结构、硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果 高熵合金熔覆层主要为BCC相、FCC相和Laves相的组织.在熔覆层中添加Nb,Laves相随之增加,组织的微观形貌发生变化.熔覆层的硬度远远高于H13钢(退火态),Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.75Nb0.5熔覆层的平均硬度最高,约为H13钢(退火态)的2.8倍.Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.75Nb0.5熔覆层的摩擦磨损失重最小,磨损程度更低,耐磨性更好.结论 Nb元素加入高熵合金体系会形成Laves相,Laves相能够提高高熵合金的力学性能.相关结果 对于高熵合金体系的研究具有一定意义,为高熵合金的成分设计和优化提供了必要的实验支持.     

多主元高熵合金FeCoNiCuxAl微观组织结构和性能

研究了不同Cu含量的FeCoNiCuxAl高墒合金的微观引织和性能特点,（x表示摩尔比,x=0、0．5、0．8、1．0、1．5、2）,分别用X衍射、扫描电镜和维氏硬度测试Cu含量的变化对合金组织和硬度的影响。研究表明,此合金体系容易形成简单FCC结构和BCC结构的固溶体,Cu含量增加会促进FCC固溶体的形成。Ca的含量的变化对合金硬度的影响较大。随着Cu含量的增加,合金的硬度显著降低,硬度的高低主要取决于显微组织形态和体系中BCC固溶体的含量的多少。     

Al含量对CrFeNiAlxSi系高熵合金性能的影响

选取与天然铬铁矿粉有效成分相近的Al、Cr、Fe、Ni、Si元素为高熵合金成分,采用激光烧结技术制备CrFeNiAl_xSi系高熵合金,研究了Al含量对CrFeNiAl_xSi系高熵合金的物相结构、显微组织、密度和孔隙率、显微硬度、耐磨和抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明：CrFeNiAl_xSi(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0)系高熵合金由BCC+FCC相构成,随着Al含量的提高FCC相减少;x=0.6的合金硬度最高,为813.3HV;合金的密度降低孔隙率提高,x=0.2的合金密度最大,为4.21 g·cm^-³,孔隙率最低,为26.46%;x=0.6的合金耐磨性能最佳,磨损率为69.50 mg·cm^-²;随着Al含量的提高,合金的抗高温氧化性能明显提高。     

Effect of alloying elements on microstructure,mechanical and damping properties of Cr-Mn-Fe-V-Cu high-entropy alloys

A series of new Cr-Mn-Fe-V-Cu high-entropy alloys were prepared by arc melting and suction casting. It is found that with the addition of Cu, the structure of the alloys evolved from BCC?+?BCC1 phases to BCC?+?FCC phases. With increase of Cu, the volume fraction of the Cu-Mn-rich FCC phase increased, and the morphology of the FCC phase transformed from granular particles to long strips and blocks. Compared with other reported HEAs, the Cr-Mn-Fe-V-Cu HEAs exhibit a good balance between strength and ductility. The CrMn0.3FeVCu0.06 alloy with granular FCC particles exhibits the highest compressive yield strength (1273?MPa) and excellent ductility (ε_f?=?50.7%). Quantitative calculations for different strengthening mechanisms demonstrate that dislocation and precipitate strengthening are responsible for high strength of the CrMn0.3FeVCu0.06 alloy, while the solid solution strengthening effect is very low because of its small atomic-size difference. In addition, the CrMn0.3FeVCu0.06 alloy exhibits good damping capacity due to its high dislocation and interface damping effects. Therefore, the dislocation density and distribution of FCC phase are the crucial factors for improvement of both mechanical properties and damping capacity of the HEAs.     

Al元素对Al_xFeCrCoCuV高熵合金组织及摩擦性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备了Al_xFeCrCoCuV(x=0,0.5,1.0)多组元高熵合金。用XRD,SEM,EDS和DSC技术探究了合金的微观组织,并测试了其硬度及耐磨性能。研究表明:随着Al的加入,Al_(0.5)FeCrCoCuV合金和Al_(1.0)FeCrCoCuV合金由FeCrCoCuV合金单一的BCC相变为由枝晶BCC和晶间FCC共同组成的双相组织;Al_(1.0)FeCrCoCuV合金的硬度大于Al_(0.5)FeCrCoCuV合金。合金的摩擦磨损测试主要以黏着磨损为主,合金的耐磨性能与硬度成正比。3种合金的摩擦因数都是随着时间的增加而减小,主要原因是随着摩擦时间的增加,合金表面生成了一层氧化物提高了合金的耐磨性能。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grained MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering

The MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy(RHEA) with ultra-fine grains and homogeneous microstructure was successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying(MA) and spark plasma sintering(SPS).The microstructural evolutions,mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of the alloys were systematically investigated.The nanocrystalline mechanically alloyed powders with simple bodycentered cubic(BCC) phase were obtained after 40 h MA process.Afterward,the powders were sintered using SPS in the temperature range from 1500 ℃ to 1700 ℃.The bulk alloys were consisted of submicron scale BCC matrix and face-centered cubic(FCC) precipitation phases.The bulk alloy sintered at 1600℃ had an average grain size of 0.58 μm and an FCC precipitation phase of 0.18 μm,exhibiting outstanding micro-hardness of 542 HV,compressive yield strength of 2208 MPa,fracture strength of 3238 MPa and acceptable plastic strain of 24.9% at room temperature.The enhanced mechanical properties of the MoNbTaTiV RHEA fabricated by MA and SPS were mainly attributed to the grain boundary strengthening and the interstitial solid solution strengthening.It is expectable that the MA and SPS processes are the promising methods to synthesize ultra-fine grains and homogenous microstructural RHEA with excellent mechanical properties.     

Phase evolution in mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering of AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEAs

ABSTRACT

Al_xCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys were synthesised through mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Different alloys were produced by varying the aluminium content (x?=?0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 4). The influences of the milling duration on the evolution of microstructure, constituent phases and morphology were studied. Increasing milling time resulted in grain refinement and higher solid solution homogenisation characterised by a high internal strain. As a consequence of aluminium addition, the microstructure of materials evolved from face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) phases to FCC, BCC and ordered BCC phases. Both mechanical alloying and SPS conditions as well as aluminium content led to grain refinement and variations of mechanical properties. In particular, hardness increased with increasing aluminium content. The aluminium percentage and the evolution of consequent phases are responsible for the microstructural stability at high temperatures. In addition, with Al content increase, the further synergy of strength and ductility along with a more pronounced strain hardening was obtained.