碳纳米管对环氧树脂基纳米复合材料的力学和电学性能影响(英文)

以碳纳米管(MWCNT)为添加剂,制备出碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,并探讨MWCNT质量分数对其力学和电学性能的影响。结果表明,当MWCNT含量分别为0.1%和0.25%时,该复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲模量达到最大值。随着M WCNT含量的增加,拉伸模量增加和应变损坏率降低,这表明复合材料由塑性变形到脆性变形演变。当M WCNT含量为0.05%时样品弯曲强度最高;当M WCNT含量为0.5%时,样品出现电渗流阈值。M WCNT在环氧树脂基体中的良好分散对提高复合材料力学性能起重要作用。分散不均的MWCNT易团聚,会引起早期失效和电学性能降低。     

碳纳米管纸/聚合物复合材料制备及其性能研究进展

碳纳米管纸(又称巴基纸)/聚合物复合材料是纸状的碳纳米管薄层和聚合物复合制成的新型高性能复合材料。巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法主要有真空过滤热压法、原位电化学法和等离子体法。此种新型碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽、力学和电学性能。综述了巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、性能及其应用前景。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚醚砜环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

环氧树脂具有优异的热性能及力学性能,但本身脆性较大。为制备低成本、高性能的环氧树脂体系,使用聚醚砜（PES）和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）对环氧树脂进行增韧,制备了不同PES含量的PES-环氧树脂共混物,讨论了PES含量对环氧树脂力学性能的影响;采用熔融法,并配合使用机械搅拌、高剪切分散和超声分散制备了MWCNT/PES-环氧树脂复合材料,测试了其拉伸性能及断裂韧性,用SEM观察了MWCNT在树脂中的分散状态以及拉伸试样的断口形貌。结果表明：MWCNT的加入能够提高PES-环氧树脂体系的综合力学性能,且当MWCNT含量为0.7wt%时,树脂体系的综合力学性能最好;低PES含量下,小于1.0wt%的MWCNT的加入使材料力学性能超过用20.0wt%PES改性的环氧树脂;PES与MWCNT对环氧树脂具有协同增韧作用。     

碳纳米管含量对铝基复合材料力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了多壁碳纳米管增强铝基(MWCNTs/Al)复合材料,研究了碳纳米管含量对复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,MWCNTs的添加对铝基复合材料的力学性能影响显著,随着MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/Al复合材料的硬度、弹性模量、强度都逐渐提高;当碳纳米管含量为6.6%(体积分数)时,复合材料强度达218 MPa,为基体材料的2.24倍;随MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/Al复合材料的塑性逐渐变差,拉伸延伸率逐渐降低,断口韧窝逐渐变小、变浅。     

石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管复配改性对天然橡胶复合材料应变传感性能的影响EI

通过溶液共混法将不同配比的石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管(GE/MWCNT)添加到天然橡胶(NR)中,制备了具有电阻-应变响应特性的GE/MWCNT/NR复合材料。利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)表征了纳米碳填料在NR基体中的分散情况,研究了不同GE和MWCNT配比对材料力电性能的影响规律,通过傅里叶变化红外光谱分析了NR复合材料中纳米碳填料与基体之间的相互作用。结果表明,GE与MWCNT以及橡胶分子链之间的结合力促进了填料在基体中的分散,使复合材料的电阻/应变响应稳定性、灵敏性以及单调性明显优于不含GE的材料,并确定了GE与MWCNT复配比为1:1时,材料各项性能最优。     

MFC增强碳纳米纸的制备及其电磁屏蔽效能

为提高碳纳米纸(BP)力学性能,将微纤化纤维素(MFC)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)混合,采用真空抽滤的方法制备MFC/BP。详细研究了MFC/BP的微观形貌、力学性能、电学性能、电磁屏蔽效能。研究表明,MFC均匀分散在碳纳米管中,形成了纤维骨架,碳纳米管相互穿插缠绕分布在纤维骨架周围形成网状结构。随着MFC含量的增加,MFC/BP的力学性能明显提高。当MFC与MWCNT质量比为1/1时,碳纳米纸的拉伸强度为11.76 MPa,比纯碳纳米纸提升了979%;在8.2～12.4 GHz频段内,碳纳米纸(厚度约55μm)的电磁屏蔽效能为24～30 dB。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其对血小板黏附的抑制作用

通过原位聚合的方法将官能化碳纳米管引入聚氨酯中制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料(PU/MWNTs),并对其物理学性能和生物学功能进行了研究.通过差示扫描量热法和拉伸性能测试对材料的基本性能进行了研究;通过血小板黏附实验评价了复合材料的生物学性能.结果表明,PU/MWNTs材料的玻璃化温度升高、力学性能得到了提高,碳纳米管(CNTs)的加入使复合材料显示出与聚氨酯基体材料不同的血小板吸附行为,尽管MWNTs的增加明显促进了纤维蛋白原的吸附,但PU/MWNTs表现出对血小板黏附和活化有抑制作用.     

功能化MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

采用正压过滤法制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）网格（巴基纸）,并采用真空辅助RTM工艺制备了MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料。通过SEM、FTIR、拉伸测试等对MWCNTs网格的微观形貌和性能进行了表征,并研究了MWCNTs网格/环氧复合材料的拉伸性。结果表明,所制备的功能化MWCNTs网格比较均匀,拉伸强度在22~32 MPa之间,拉伸模量约为1 GPa,相比未功能化处理的MWCNTs网格,强度最大提高了约167%。功能化MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量可达到152 MPa和6.48 GPa,相比空白环氧树脂提高了约1倍以上,拉伸试样断面SEM表明,环氧树脂对功能化MWCNTs网格的浸润效果良好,界面结合紧密,有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

酸化改性碳纳米管增韧双马树脂复合材料的研究

使用混酸对碳纳米管表面进行酸化改性,研究了酸化改性碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)在丙酮中的分散稳定性。采用长时超声的方法将MWCNTs-COOH分散在双马树脂(BMI)体系中,制备了烯丙基双酚A改性双马树脂/酸化改性碳纳米管复合材料(BMI-DBA/MWCNTs-COOH)。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)观察MWCNTsCOOH在复合材料中的分散性,研究了复合材料的机械性能、热机械性能和耐热性能。结果表明:与BMI相比,当加入0.2%(质量分数)MWCNTs-COOH时,复合材料的拉伸强度从61.9MPa提高到87.6MPa,提高了42%;弯曲强度从77.6MPa提高到102.9MPa,提高了33%;抗冲击强度从4.84kJ/cm~2提高到7.04kJ/cm~2,提高了约1.5倍。MWCNTs-COOH的引入可有效改善碳纳米管与树脂基体间的界面作用力,显著提高复合材料的模量和玻璃化转变温度(T_g);与BMI相比,加入MWCNTs-COOH的复合材料在N_2氛围下800℃的残炭率提高了约8%。     

多壁碳纳米管界面传感器及其在纤维缠绕压力容器原位监测中的应用

研发了基于多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）界面传感器的多功能复合材料,并研究了其在纤维缠绕压力容器健康监测中的应用。首先考察了该界面传感器在复杂环境中的可靠性,分析了MWCNT对纤维/基体界面层间剪切强度的影响,得到了植入MWCNT界面传感器的复合材料在不同水温下吸水特性;随后研究了基于MWCNT界面传感器的纤维/基体界面原位监测和损伤修复,分析了利用该方法原位监测、修复热塑性复合材料界面损伤的可行性;最后将MWCNT界面传感器植入到纤维缠绕压力容器中,并考察了该压力容器在水压疲劳、水压爆破两类载荷下的原位监测效果。研究结果表明:植入MWCNT界面传感器可提高复合材料纤维/基体的界面层间剪切强度,且在一定水温范围内,植入MWCNT的界面强度下降率更低;通过在复合材料中植入MWCNT界面传感器,可实现对纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料界面的原位监测和修复;利用该方法也能够原位监测纤维缠绕压力容器的工作状态,进而获取其界面损伤信息。      

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

电场诱导多壁碳纳米管有序排列对多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响

采用交流（AC）电场诱导法制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）均匀分散且定向有序排列的MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料。采用SEM、偏振拉曼光谱等研究了电场强度、MWCNTs含量、加电时间及温度（黏度）等因素对MWCNTs定向排列的影响,讨论了MWCNTs有序排列对MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料电学和力学性能的影响。结果表明：MWCNTs沿电场方向有序排列;MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料施加AC电场后的拉曼强度明显高于未施加电场的情况;当MWCNTs含量从0wt%增加到0.025wt%时,MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料导电率从2.3×10^-12 S/cm增加到1.3×10^-8 S/cm,增加了约4个数量级;MWCNTs含量为2.5wt%时,MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸强度提高了26.3%。     

碳纳米管-玻璃纤维织物增强环氧复合材料的结构与性能

通过物理沉积法和静电吸附法在玻璃纤维织物(GF)表面包覆多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),制备GF-d-CNTs和GF-a-CNTs两种多尺度增强体,采用真空灌注工艺制备MWCNTs-GF增强环氧复合材料。采用静态、动态力学法、扫描电镜、红外光谱等分析手段,对复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、层间剪切、黏弹性和微观组成结构表征。结果表明:MWCNTs包覆于GF表面形成"倒刺"结构,并通过啮合作用增强了复合材料界面的强度和树脂韧性,提高了复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)等;与纯GF复合材料相比,GF-d-CNTs复合材料的拉伸强度和模量分别提高14.5%和37.9%,弯曲强度和模量分别提高26.2%和36.6%,层间剪切强度提高31.5%;GF-a-CNTs复合材料的Tg提高了8.9℃。     

Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites Reinforced with 3D Biaxial Warp-knitted Fabrics

In this study, two types of thermoplastic matrices (low melting point polyethylene terephthalate (LPET) fiber and polypropylene (PP) fiber) and glass fiber/epoxy resin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used to fabricate the thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials with 3D biaxial warp-knitted fabrics. Thermoplastic and thermoset composites were fabricated using hot-press and resin transfer molding (RTM) methods. The fabricated samples were tested with tensile and three-point flexural tests. In thermoplastic composites, samples in the 90° direction and LPET matrix showed the best tensile and flexural properties with an improvement of 39 and 21% tensile modulus and strength, 16 and 8% flexural modulus and strength compared to the PP samples in the same direction. In thermoset composites, samples in the 90° direction and MWCNTs showed the best improvement of the flexural modulus and strength with 97 and 58% compared to the samples without MWCNTs. This improvement can most likely be attributed to an increase in interfacial adhesion due to the presence of the carbon nanotubes.     

Modification of surface functionality of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on fracture toughness of basalt fiber-reinforced composites

In this work, we studied the influence of surface functionality of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced composites. Acid and base values of the MWCNTs were determined by Boehm's titration technique. The surface properties of the MWCNTs were determined FT-IR, and XPS. The mechanical properties of the composites were assessed by measuring the interlaminar shear stress, fracture toughness, fracture energy, and impact strength. The chemical treatments led to a change of the surface characteristics of the MWCNTs and of the mechanical interfacial properties of MWCNTs/basalt fibers/epoxy composites. Especially the acid-treated MWCNTs/basalt fibers/epoxy composites had improved mechanical properties compared to the base-treated and non-treated MWCNTs/basalt fibers/epoxy composites. These results can probably be attributed to the improved interfacial bonding strength resulting from the improved dispersion and interfacial adhesion between the epoxy resin and the MWCNTs.     

混杂功能化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)分别进行共价、非共价和混杂功能化改性, 然后采用溶液共混法, 将三种功能化类型的MWCNTs按不同质量分数分别加入环氧树脂(EP)制备MWCNTs/EP复合材料。通过拉伸试验和热重分析, 研究MWCNTs的功能化类型及含量对复合材料力学性能和热学性能的影响, 并对复合材料拉伸试件断面进行SEM观察分析。结果表明: 与共价功能化复合材料(MWCNTs-Epon828/EP)和非共价功能化复合材料(MWCNTs-PPA/EP)相比, 混杂功能化复合材料(MWCNTs-Epon828-PPA/EP)的力学性能和热学性能最佳。当MWCNTs质量分数为0.3%时, 其拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率较纯EP分别提高30%, 62%和26%。      

Fabrication and mechanical properties of well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated by using ultrasonication and the cast molding method. In this process, MWCNTs modified by mixed acids were well dispersed and highly loaded in an epoxy matrix. The effects of MWCNTs addition and surface modification on the mechanical performances and fracture morphologies of composites were investigated. It was found that the tensile strength improved with the increase of MWCNTs addition, and when the content of MWCNTs loading reached 8 wt.%, the tensile strength reached the highest value of 69.7 MPa. In addition, the fracture strain also enhanced distinctly, implying that MWCNTs loading not only elevated the tensile strength of the epoxy matrix, but also increased the fracture toughness. Nevertheless, the elastic modulus reduced with the increase of MWCNTs loading. The reasons for the mechanical property changes are discussed.     

多壁碳纳米管-有机蒙脱土协同增韧环氧树脂

采用机械搅拌和离心分散的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管-有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料。X射线衍射分析表明,当有机蒙脱土含量为2 wt%时, 蒙脱土在树脂体系中能够形成离散性结构。断裂韧性测试结果表明,多壁碳纳米管和有机蒙脱土的混杂对环氧树脂具有协同增韧的作用。当有机蒙脱土含量为2 wt%,多壁碳纳米管含量为0.1 wt%时,所得复合材料的断裂韧性是纯环氧树脂的1.77倍,是2 wt%有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料的1.45倍,是0.1 wt%多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的1.39倍。扫描电镜分析表明,多壁碳纳米管在环氧树脂体系中分散均匀,并与有机蒙脱土片层形成了一定程度的相互穿插和咬合,多壁碳纳米管与有机蒙脱土协同增韧的主要原因是微裂纹增韧、剪切屈服与纤维拔出。      

Carbon nanotube modification using gum arabic and its effect on the dispersion and tensile properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposites

In this study, the effects of a MWCNT treatment on the dispersion of MWCNTs in aqueous solution and the tensile properties of MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites were investigated. MWCNTs were treated using acid and gum arabic, and MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated with 0.3 wt.% unmodified, oxidized and gum-treated MWCNTs. The dispersion states of the unmodified, oxidized, and Gum-treated MWCNTs were characterized in distilled water. The tensile strengths and elastic modulus of the three nanocomposites were determined and compared. The results indicated that the gum treatment produced better dispersion of the MWCNTs in distilled water and that gum-treated MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites had a better tensile strength and elastic modulus than did the unmodified and acid-treated MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscope examination of the fracture surface showed that the improved tensile properties of the gum-treated MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites were attributed to the improved dispersion of MWCNTs in the epoxy and to interfacial bonding between nanotubes and the epoxy matrix.