Create Nanoscale Patterns with DNA Origami

Structural deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology offers a robust platform for diverse nanoscale shapes that can be used in various applications. Among a wide variety of DNA assembly strategies, DNA origami is the most robust one in constructing custom nanoshapes and exquisite patterns. In this account, the static structural and functional patterns assembled on DNA origami are reviewed, as well as the reconfigurable assembled architectures regulated through dynamic DNA nanotechnology. The fast progress of dynamic DNA origami nanotechnology facilitates the construction of reconfigurable patterns, which can further be used in many applications such as optical/plasmonic sensors, nanophotonic devices, and nanorobotics for numerous different tasks.     

论数字化平面设计模式局限性

随着不断更新的数字化技术在平面设计中的普遍运用,产生的是新一代平面设计模式,传统的设计模式日益受到冲击.然而数字化的局限性和优越性同时产生,并客观存在.所以当代平面设计师在尽情享受"数字化"诸多优越性的同时,对于其局限性则不容忽视,并注意发挥所长,才能更好解决由此带来的不利影响.     

移动触屏界面设计模式的应用研究

目的研究移动应用界面设计模式及应用方法。方法通过对目前移动互联网行业的分析和对300余款优秀应用的研习,以设计指导为初衷,以设计模式为核心理念,运用模式的思想构建了从产品战略、交互策略到界面设计模式逐层递进的产品设计模型。结论通过对比分析总结,得出了4种产品策略模式,同时根据每种策略产品的需求特点,提炼出相应的交互策略模式和设计关注点。通过对界面设计模式的多维对比分析,提出了模式的解构和重建,以启发模式的迭代和创新。     

包装设计中的图案和色彩探析

目的探究包装设计中图案和色彩的重要性及其应用方式。方法从包装设计的最初作用及其形式入手,结合图案与色彩元素进行深入探析,总结两者在包装设计中的视知觉度、美化功能、象征性等方面的重要作用,接着进入具体的探索领域,分别从食品包装、化妆品包装、旅游产品包装、茶叶包装等方面展开详细论述,并列举出相关的创新案例进行逐一论证,最后站在宏观角度对包装设计中的图案与色彩元素的应用进行展望,总结未来的发展趋势。结论从包装的实际需求出发,选择恰当的图案与色彩创造形式和内容,能够更加直观地突出产品的形象和功能,增强产品包装在消费者心中的形象特征,最大限度地吸引消费者的注意力,刺激购买行为的产生。     

Localized auxin peaks in concentration-based transport models of the shoot apical meristem

We study the formation of auxin peaks in a generic class of concentration-based auxin transport models, posed on static plant tissues. Using standard asymptotic analysis, we prove that, on bounded domains, auxin peaks are not formed via a Turing instability in the active transport parameter, but via simple corrections to the homogeneous steady state. When the active transport is small, the geometry of the tissue encodes the peaks’ amplitude and location: peaks arise where cells have fewer neighbours, that is, at the boundary of the domain. We test our theory and perform numerical bifurcation analysis on two models that are known to generate auxin patterns for biologically plausible parameter values. In the same parameter regimes, we find that realistic tissues are capable of generating a multitude of stationary patterns, with a variable number of auxin peaks, that can be selected by different initial conditions or by quasi-static changes in the active transport parameter. The competition between active transport and production rate determines whether peaks remain localized or cover the entire domain. In particular, changes in the auxin production that are fast with respect to the cellular life cycle affect the auxin peak distribution, switching from localized spots to fully patterned states. We relate the occurrence of localized patterns to a snaking bifurcation structure, which is known to arise in a wide variety of nonlinear media, but has not yet been reported in plant models.     

Proposals for producing novel periodic structures by ion bombardment sputtering

It is proposed, and confirmed analytically that if multiple ion fluxes are incident simultaneously, all at the same oblique polar angle but at different azimuthal angles, on to a target then the individual ripple patterns generated by sputtering are superimposed to produce novel surface structures. It is also shown that single focused ion fluxes incident on to rotating targets can produce circular ripple patterns.     

An identification method of mechanical properties of materials based on the full‐field measurement method based on the fringe pattern

With the development of image processing technology, optical methods based on fringe patterns, for example, the grid method, electronic speckle pattern interferometry, moiré techniques (including moiré interferometry and digital moiré), and coherent gradient sensing, have become useful techniques for measuring the full‐field deformation of materials and structures. An important application of these techniques is to offer deformation fields for extracting constitutive parameters in the inverse methods. In this paper, we proposed a novel inversion method based on fringe patterns (IMFP), which can be used to identify constitutive model parameters by comparing simulated fringe patterns obtained using the finite element method with experimentally measured fringe patterns. The feasibility and identification accuracy of IMFP were evaluated through numerical experiments, and an additional series of numerical tests were conducted to analyse the noise immunity of IMFP and its sensitivity to the number of constitutive model parameters. Finally, IMFP was applied in the identification of the mechanical parameters of selective laser melting three‐dimensional printed stainless steel.     

Proposals for producing novel periodic structures on silicon by ion bombardment sputtering

It is proposed, and confirmed analytically, that if multiple ion fluxes are incident simultaneously, at different oblique polar angles but at the same Azimuthal angle, on to a target, then the individual ripple patterns generated by sputtering are superimposed to produce novel surface structures. It is also shown that multiple focused ion fluxes incident on to rotating targets can produce circular novel patterns.     

Characterization and modeling of breaking-induced spontaneous nanoscale periodic stripes in metallic glasses

Stripes with a period of 87 nm appear in the mirror region of the fracture surface of metallic glasses. Two competing failure mechanisms of immediate meniscus instability and cavitation mechanism near the crack tip control the fracture process of metallic glasses and the formation process of nanostripes.     

Demodulation of single interferograms using a sliding 2-D continuous wavelet transform method

In this paper, we present an alternative technique for the demodulation of single interferograms using a sliding 2-D continuous wavelet transform (2-D CWT) method. The sliding strategy proposed in this work is used with two purposes: to reduce the processing time when the 2-D CWT is applied, and to solve the problem of the phase ambiguity when closed fringes are present. Experimental results with real and simulated interferograms show that the proposed multiresolution method is a proper alternative for many applications of interferogram demodulation with closed fringes.     

几种典型中国传统图案纹样及其在包装设计中的应用

将中国传统图案纹样运用到现代包装设计中,以展现商品的文化内涵与个性是包装设计人员需要思考的问题.文中介绍了几种典型的中国传统图案纹样:铜器纹、彩陶纹、瓦当纹、汉画砖图、方胜盘长,并举例对其在包装设计中的应用作了说明.     

一种高效的基于位图序列模式挖掘算法

为实现在大型事务数据库中挖掘有价值的序列数据,提出了一种基于位图的高效的序列模式挖掘算法(SMBR)。SMBR算法采用位图表示数据库的方法,提出一种简化的位图表示结构。该算法首先由序列扩展和项扩展产生候选序列,然后通过原序列位图和被扩展项位图位置快速运算生成频繁序列。实验表明,应用于大型事务数据库,该方法不仅能有效地提高挖掘效率,而且挖掘处理过程中产生的临时数据所需的内存大大降低,能够高效地挖掘序列模式。     

Epidemiology of moderate-to-severe injury patterns observed in rollover crashes

BackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies have highlighted the high risk of injury to the head, thorax, and cervical spine in rollover crashes. However, such results provide limited information on whole-body injury distribution and multiple region injury patterns necessary for the improvement and prioritization of rollover-focused injury countermeasures.MethodsSampled cases representing approximately 133,000 U.S. adult occupants involved in rollover crashes (between 1995 and 2013) sustaining moderate-to-severe injuries were selected from the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System database. A retrospective cohort study, based on a survey of population-based data, was used to identify relevant whole body injury patterns.ResultsAmong belted occupants injured in rollover crashes, 79.2% sustained injuries to only one body region. The three most frequently injured (AIS2+) body regions were head (42.1%), upper extremity (28.0%), and thorax (27.1%). The most frequent multi-region injury pattern involved the head and upper extremity, but this pattern only accounted for 2.3% of all of occupants with moderate or worse injuries.ConclusionsThe results indicated that for rollover-dominated crashes, the frequently observed injury patterns involved isolated body regions. In contrast, multi-region injury patterns are more frequently observed in rollovers with significant planar impacts. Identification of region-specific injury patterns in pure rollover crashes is essential for clarifying injury mitigation targets and developing whole-body injury metrics specifically applicable to rollovers.     

中国传统吉祥图案在现代设计中的应用

目的 探索中国传统吉祥图案的渊源、特点及其在当前设计领域中的延伸与发展。方法 从华夏文明的起源谈起,分析中国传统吉祥图案的产生及其造型特点,总结其形式美法则与变化统一的规律,并就其的形、意、魂三方面的应用方向展开探索,明确传统吉祥图案与现代设计的融合与发展路径,最后分别选取产品设计、包装设计、首饰设计和服装设计等方面,对两者进行更深层次的价值与实践的论证。结论 将中国传统吉祥图案应用到现代设计中,可以充分发挥传统吉祥图案所具有的顽强生命力、表现力和艺术价值,使设计作品具有更深的民族文化特征,并能很好地把握中国传统元素给现代设计领域带来的精妙灵感,实现民族感与时代感的统一,充分展现我国传统文化和民族情结,进一步传承与发扬民族文化。     

云纹图象计算机处理技术的进展及其应用

本文对１９８７年至今国内外光测力学条纹图，主要是云纹图象的计算机采集，处理和力学量提取技术的进展进行了回顾，包括利用通用图象处理程序，直接利用灰度，用付利叶变换对条纹图进行分析，引入相移技术提高灵敏度，利用采色编码提取力学量。以及建立在云纹图特点基础上的新的图象处理技术等；分析了它们各自的优缺点，适用范围和存在的问题，讨论了它们在科究和工程测试中的应用前景。     

聚烯烃消光膜表面粗糙花纹研究

在固定加工条件和聚丙烯(PP)牌号不变情况下吹塑制备不同配比的聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)共混薄膜,使用光学显微镜(OM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察膜的表面粗糙花纹和粗糙形态并得到表面粗糙度Ra和峰密度D;由此比较共混体系和单组分体系薄膜的表面粗糙花纹及消光效果,研究PE树脂的熔体指数、支化、共聚组分及PE用量对共混薄膜表面粗糙花纹的影响,并确定聚烯烃薄膜消光性能与表面粗糙花纹的关系。     

手机装饰纹样之“形、色、质”探析

从手机装饰纹样的形、色、质出发,探究现代人类对时尚文化的理解与认识,寻找数字化时代新的设计语言、符号和范式,为其他电子产品装饰设计提供参考依据。