浅谈辽宁省建平-北票北部金矿成矿带

通过对建平一北票北部金矿成矿带研究发现，金成矿与成矿带内变质岩、岩浆岩、构造密切相关，初步认为太古宙变质岩系（绿岩带）是区内金矿的初始矿源层：岩浆岩为金的活化、迁移提供了进’步的能量和热液；承德北票大断裂控制了绿岩带的展布，尤其是北西向隐伏断裂与北北东向断裂（中三家断裂、鸡冠山断裂）交汇处，更是金成矿的有利部位。综合成矿带内金矿控矿因素分析，可选择三个地区作为找矿远景区。     

刍议敖包山铅锌矿区地质特征及找矿标志

敖包山铅锌矿区位于华北陆块北缘,大兴安岭山脉南西端,突泉-林西华力西燕山期铁(锡)铜、铅、锌、银、铌(钽)成矿带东段,已发现有敖包山、大孤山、双山子、余家窝铺等矿几处矿床。以余家窝铺铅锌矿区为例,区域火山构造为敖包梁破火山机构南东缘小营子火山基底凸起。区内断裂构造较发育。最主要的断裂为少朗河大断裂及其两侧的次级断裂和派生的配套断裂。根据矿区地质特征,初步认为余家窝铺铅锌矿的成因类型为燕山晚期接触交代-岩浆热液复合矿床。本区的主要控矿因素为断裂破碎带,包括裂隙密集带,尤其是近东西向和北西向者。受前者控制的矿体,沿走向和倾向延伸一般较大,受后者控制的矿体走向延伸不及前者,但常常在局部出现较厚大的矿体。最重要的找矿标志为蚀变破碎带,地表表现为褐铁矿化带。褐铁矿化越强,找到矿体的可能性越大,尤其以近东西向和北西向者为最好。     

福建政和上山岗金银矿床地质特征

福建政和上山岗金银矿床位于闽西北隆起带与闽东火山断坳带交接部位,金银矿体主要赋存于石英脉中,围岩为多屑凝灰岩、岩屑晶屑凝灰岩等,矿体与围岩界限清晰。矿区内构造发育,其中北东向断裂构造是最重要的导矿和容矿构造;北西向断裂为成矿后期构造,是主要的切割破坏矿体构造。     

辽宁省盖州新宁金矿床地质特征及找矿标志

新宁金矿位于猫岭—卧龙泉金矿床集中区，北西向和北东向次级断裂为主要控矿构造。辽河群盖县组含炭质、泥质陆源碎屑沉积建造是金矿成矿的矿源层。中生代岩浆活动为矿床形成提供热源和成矿物质，促使成矿元素活化、迁移、定位，形成新宁金矿床。     

广东省德庆县大剑洞金矿地质特征简述

本文通过了解德庆大剑洞金矿区历史和近年地质工作情况,从区域地质、矿区地质和矿体地质等方面简述该区地质特征,得出金矿物质来源为岩浆岩和控矿机制为北西向断裂的结论。     

浅述新疆吉木乃县塔斯特金矿地质特征及找矿远景

塔斯特金矿区域大地构造位置为准噶尔古板块萨吾尔晚古生代岛弧区中东段,矿体赋存于华力西晚期侵入的酸性杂岩体中,该杂岩体主要岩性为钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,岩体内发育有北西向和北东向两组断裂。酸性杂岩体为金矿提供了成矿物质。后期的侵入岩为成矿提供了热液来源,北西向断裂是成矿热液运移的通道,同时也是金元素富集成矿的场所。塔斯特金矿床成因类型可归为与岩浆热液有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。     

响水河铅、磷矿矿区地质特征及找矿标志

响水河铅、磷矿矿区大地构造位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉褶皱系,福贡—镇康褶皱带,芒市褶皱束北东段,白泥塘复式向斜北西翼,属于三江成矿带南段。矿体产于北西向断裂破碎带中,白云石化、重晶石化、白云母化、透闪石化、硅化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化与成矿关系密切,矿体严格受地层、构造双重控制,矿床成因类型属沉积叠加构造型矿床。     

白乃庙金矿成矿关系及成矿规律

白乃庙金矿为动力变质～岩浆热液迭加型金矿床。近EW向断裂为控矿主干断裂,为导矿和赋矿构造;NW向和NE向断裂,为储矿和容矿构造;近SN向断裂,错断和破坏矿（化）体。成矿与动力变质作用密切相关,成矿热液沿华力西晚期动力变质形成的糜棱岩化带和片理化带充填和交代;在燕山早期岩浆热液迭加作用下发生迁移、富集成矿,形成含金破碎蚀变岩型金矿化。     

内蒙古宁城县彭家杖子金矿矿床地质特征及成因分析

彭家杖子金矿位于喀喇沁断隆,矿区出露地层主要为太古界鞍山群长青组、热水组,岩性主要为灰白色—灰色一灰绿色斜长角闪片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪片麻岩、黑云角闪片麻岩、斜长角闪片岩。矿床受地层、岩性及构造破碎带的控制,其中金矿（化）体受北西向、近南北向和北东东向构造蚀变带控制,围岩为太古界鞍山群变质岩,矿化与硅化（石英脉）关系密切。本文介绍了区域地质背景、分析了区域成矿条件,对金矿矿床地质特征进行了详细探讨,并对矿床的成因进行了分析。     

新疆红滩金矿床特征与成因探讨

红滩金矿床是近年在东疆地区发现的石英脉型金矿。红滩金矿成矿物质主要来源于中石炭统梧桐窝子组和华里西中期碱长花岗斑岩。红滩金矿共有11条金矿脉,含金石英脉49条;主要有益组分为金,矿体品位高,最高品位可达462．5g/t。金多呈自然金的产出,同时伴生黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿;含矿母岩以石英脉为主,主要呈近东西、北西向延仲。在康古尔深大断裂的活化作用,成矿物质进一步富集,沿康古尔深大断裂的次级断裂运移、沉淀,富集成矿。     

Growth, defect formation, and morphology control of germanium-silicon semiconductor nanowire heterostructures

By the virtue of the nature of the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth process in semiconductor nanowires (NWs) and their small size, the nucleation, propagation, and termination of stacking defects in NWs are dramatically different from that in thin films. We demonstrate germanium-silicon axial NW heterostructure growth by the VLS method with 100% composition modulation and use these structures as a platform to understand how defects in stacking sequence force the ledge nucleation site to be moved along or pinned at a single point on the triple-phase circumference, which in turn determines the NW morphology. Combining structural analysis and atomistic simulation of the nucleation and propagation of stacking defects, we explain these observations based on preferred nucleation sites during NW growth. The stacking defects are found to provide a fingerprint of the layer-by-layer growth process and reveal how the 19.5° kinking in semiconductor NWs observed at high Si growth rates results from a stacking-induced twin boundary formation at the NW edge. This study provides basic foundations for an atomic level understanding of crystalline and defective ledge nucleation and propagation during [111] oriented NW growth and improves understanding for control of fault nucleation and kinking in NWs.     

中国火山岩油气藏控制因素及分布规律

中国沉积盆地内主要发育石炭—二叠系、侏罗—白垩系和古近—新近系3套火山岩,火山岩大面积分布,烃源岩与火山岩伴生,形成良好的生储盖组合。东部盆地以中酸性岩为主,主要发育原生型火山岩储层;西部盆地以中基性岩为主,主要发育风化壳型储层,火山岩风化壳储层物性好于原生型储层物性,各种岩性、岩相均能形成有效储层。东部盆地主要发育岩性、断层—岩性油气藏;西部盆地主要发育地层型、构造—地层型、构造—岩性—地层复合型油气藏。松辽盆地深层持续沉降型断陷控制天然气区域分布,生烃断槽控制断陷内天然气分布,近邻生烃断槽的断裂构造带是天然气富集区带,优质火山岩储层控制天然气富集;新疆北部石炭系残留生烃凹陷控制油气平面分布,风化壳规模控制油气富集程度和规模,风化壳地层型有效圈闭控制油气成藏,正向构造背景控制油气运聚。指出中国火山岩有利勘探面积36万km2,预测火山岩中总资源量60亿t油当量以上,勘探潜力大。     

准西海相浅层石炭系火山凝灰岩油气发现的意义

探讨了准噶尔盆地西缘车排子地区实现浅层海相火山凝灰岩勘探突破的意义。排61井在石炭系火山凝灰岩1113.5-1130.0m井段、常规试油获得日产4.6t/d工业油流,50℃脱气原油粘度390mPa·s,首次实现了车排子地区浅层海相火山凝灰岩勘探的突破。车排子地区具有有利的区域构造条件、储集条件、油源条件、油气运移通道、油藏埋深较浅,而且前人积累了发现开发克拉美丽大气田的经验,具有后发优势。由于排61井钻探的火山凝灰岩不属于优质储集层,可以推断,如果找到更好的储集层,找油前景将会多么乐观。而且,排61井常规试油就获得了工业油流,如果实施压裂改造,必然会大幅度提高单井产能,必能极大地增强在该区域勘探的信心。车排子地区石炭系火山岩分布广泛,具有良好的生储盖条件,总体勘探程度仍较低,具备发现大油田的有利条件。落实烃源岩发育区、有利储层发育带、提高单井产能是石炭系勘探的关键。排61井区已部署第二轮多口探井。     

Nucleation‐Controlled Distributed Plasticity in Penta‐twinned Silver Nanowires

A unique size‐dependent strain hardening mechanism, that achieves both high strength and ductility, is demonstrated for penta‐twinned Ag nanowires (NWs) through a combined experimental‐computational approach. Thin Ag NWs are found to deform via the surface nucleation of stacking fault decahedrons (SFDs) in multiple plastic zones distributed along the NW. Twin boundaries lead to the formation of SFD chains that locally harden the NW and promote subsequent nucleation of SFDs at other locations. Due to surface undulations, chain reactions of SFD arrays are activated at stress concentrations and terminated as local stress decreases, revealing insensitivity to defects imparted by the twin structures. Thick NWs exhibit lower flow stress and number of distributed plastic zones due to the onset of necking accompanied by more complex dislocation structures.     

Decision tree-based fault zone identification and fault classification in flexible AC transmissions-based transmission line

Transmission line distance relaying for flexible AC transmission lines (FACTS) including thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), STATCOM, SVC and unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been a very challenging task. A new approach for fault zone identification and fault classification for TCSC and UPFC line using decision tree (DT) is presented. One cycle post fault current and voltage samples from the fault inception are used as input vectors against target output dasia1psila for fault after TCSC/UPFC and dasia0psila for fault before TCSC/UPFC for fault zone identification. Similarly, the DT-based classification algorithm takes one cycle data from fault inception of three phase currents along with zero-sequence current and voltage, and constructs the optimal DT for classifying all ten types of shunt faults in the transmission line fault process. The algorithm is tested on simulated fault data with wide variations in operating parameters of the power system network including noisy environment. The results indicate that the proposed method can reliably identify the fault zone and classify faults in the FACTs-based transmission line in large power network.     

Piezoelectric field effect transistor and nanoforce sensor based on a single ZnO nanowire

Utilizing the coupled piezoelectric and semiconducting dual properties of ZnO, we demonstrate a piezoelectric field effect transistor (PE-FET) that is composed of a ZnO nanowire (NW) (or nanobelt) bridging across two Ohmic contacts, in which the source to drain current is controlled by the bending of the NW. A possible mechanism for the PE-FET is suggested to be associated with the carrier trapping effect and the creation of a charge depletion zone under elastic deformatioin. This PE-FET has been applied as a force/pressure sensor for measuring forces in the nanonewton range and even smaller with the use of smaller NWs. An almost linear relationship between the bending force and the conductance was found at small bending regions, demonstrating the principle of nanowire-based nanoforce and nanopressure sensors.     

Growth and Fabrication of High‐Quality Single Nanowire Devices with Radial p‐i‐n Junctions

Nanowires (NWs) with radial p‐i‐n junction have advantages, such as large junction area and small influence from the surface states, which can lead to highly efficient material use and good device quantum efficiency. However, it is difficult to make high‐quality core–shell NW devices, especially single NW devices. Here, the key factors during the growth and fabrication process that influence the quality of single core–shell p‐i‐n NW devices are studied using GaAs(P) NW photovoltaics as an example. By p‐doping and annealing, good ohmic contact is achieved on NWs with a diameter as small as 50–60 nm. Single NW photovoltaics are subsequently developed and a record fill factor of 80.5% is shown. These results bring valuable information for making single NW devices, which can further benefit the development of high‐density integration circuits.     

Growth of semiconductor nanowires at large diffusion lengths

A universal asymptotic expression for the law of nanowire (NW) growth in cases where the diffusion lengths for adatoms on the substrate surface are much greater than the NW radius and the diffusion lengths for adatoms on the side surface of the growing crystal are much greater than the NW length. The main stages of growth, which are characterized by different relations between the NW length and its radius and the growth time, are determined. Possible asymptotic regimes of NW epitaxy are considered, including the cases of exponential growth and limited growth to a certain critical thickness, which depend on the direction of the diffusion flux of adatoms on the side surface of the growing crystal.     

Silver Nanowire Embedded Colorless Polyimide Heater for Wearable Chemical Sensors: Improved Reversible Reaction Kinetics of Optically Reduced Graphene Oxide

Optically reduced graphene oxide (ORGO) sheets are successfully integrated on silver nanowire (Ag NW)‐embedded transparent and flexible substrate. As a heating element, Ag NWs are embedded in a colorless polyimide (CPI) film by covering Ag NW networks using polyamic acid and subsequent imidization. Graphene oxide dispersed aqueous solution is drop‐coated on the Ag NW‐embedded CPI (Ag NW‐CPI) film and directly irradiated by intense pulsed light to obtain ORGO sheets. The heat generation property of Ag NW‐CPI film is investigated by applying DC voltage, which demonstrates unprecedentedly reliable and stable characteristics even in dynamic bending condition. To demonstrate the potential application in wearable chemical sensors, NO₂ sensing characteristic of ORGO is investigated with respect to the different heating temperature (22.7–71.7 °C) of Ag NW‐CPI film. The result reveals that the ORGO sheets exhibit high sensitivity of 2.69% with reversible response/recovery sensing properties and minimal deviation of baseline resistance of around 1% toward NO₂ molecules when the temperature of Ag NW‐CPI film is 71.7 °C. This work first demonstrates the improved reversible NO₂ sensing properties of ORGO sheets on flexible and transparent Ag NW‐CPI film assisted by Ag NW heating networks.