锥束CT图像的自适应滤波预处理方法

根据锥束CT系统噪声的性质与序列切片图像的特点,提出一种锥束CT图像的自适应滤波预处理方法.首先建立噪声判断准则,将当前滤波像素的噪声分为两类:对于高斯噪声,采用自适应中心加权的改进均值滤波算法处理,并提出用高斯噪声的层间标准差估计取代层内偏移窗口标准差估计,提高了对序列图像进行滤波的准确性;对于脉冲噪声,采用自适应中值滤波算法处理.通过叶片蜡模的锥束CT切片图像预处理实验,表明该方法在去除噪声和保护细节两方面均表现良好.     

基于混合滤波器的X射线液体图像滤波算法

针对双能X射线液体图像灰度连续变化的特性和主要受高斯噪声、脉冲噪声干扰的特点,提出一种改进的自适应中值与非局部均值结合的滤波方法。首先,利用改进自适应中值方法滤除噪声检测出的边缘、脉冲噪声污染区的噪声;再利用带有噪声估计的非局部均值方法(NL-means)平滑高斯噪声。提出了基于材料特征曲线的滤波器性能评价方法,滤波结果与标准曲线进行对比。实验结果表明,提出的滤波器保护了边缘、材料信息,提高了速度;滤波器评价方法考虑主观与客观因素,满足了应用需要。     

噪声图象最小方差模滤波方法

用噪声图像不滑滤波的算法对一幅中了多种噪声的图象作了平滑。结果表明，本滤波算法在既不模糊图象边缘，又不损害图象内部细节的前提下，达到了很好的去除噪声，增强图像边缘的目的。     

基于Wiener滤波的反投影图像重建算法

CT是一种先进的成像技术,投影重建图像为关键技术之一,目前CT图像重建算法多采用滤波反投影针对投影数据不足所产生伪影的问题,经分析伪影产生的原因后,提出了一种基于Wiener滤波与反投算法。算法利用Wiener滤波对传统的滤波反投影图像重建算法进行改影图像重建算法相结合的新图像重建算法,该克服重建图像伪影。通过对典型流型进行实验仿真,证明改进后的算法对重建图像的质量有明进,能较好地显改善。     

基于自适应形态学滤波算法的X射线图像的缺陷提取

将数学形态学滤波算法应用于X射线焊接图像的缺陷崛?关键在于确定结构元素大小.本文提出一种自适应数学形态学滤波算法,首先对垂直于焊接图像的扫描线进行分水岭变换来确定结构元素尺寸大小,结构元素能随缺陷尺寸大小自动调整,然后应用数学形态学开操作得到图像背景,原始图像减去背景图像得到滤波结果.将本方法用于焊接缺陷边缘的提取,取得了好的效果.     

基于小波变换的Wiener滤波投影预处理算法在图像重建中的应用

研究了一种将小波变换与Wiener滤波相结合用于投影数据预处理的算法。由于小波变换具有多分辨率分析特性,通过小波多尺度分析和小波系数控制,并结合Wiener滤波具有MMSE上最优性能的特点提出一种二者相结合的方法用于投影数据降噪预处理。对该算法进行实验仿真,结果表明,降噪后重建的图像主观质量得到明显改善,重建图像的噪声得到有效抑制。峰值信噪比方面可比一般的降噪方法提高5-12dB。     

基于BM3D算法的快中子图像降噪方法

在快中子照相过程中,由于受到各种因素影响,快中子图像严重降质,呈现大量噪声,不利于无损检测和后续的定量分析。通过噪声分析得出了快中子图像的噪声统计分布符合高斯噪声模型,探讨了将BM3D算法应用到快中子图像降噪处理的方法。实验结果表明,BM3D算法不仅能够有效滤除快中子图像的噪声,而且保护了图像的细节和边缘信息,可为快中子图像的降噪处理提供参考。     

噪声图象最小方差模块滤波方法

用噪声图象平滑滤波的算法对一幅加了多种噪声的图象作了平滑。结果表明，本滤波算法在既不模糊图象边缘，又不损害图象内部细节的前提下，达到了很好的去除噪声、增强图象边缘的目的．     

基于平板探测器投影数据预处理的三维CT重构算法研究

大面积非晶硅平板探测器(flat panel detector-FPD)在工业透射射线成像领域得到越来越多的应用。基于FPD的圆轨道FDK型三维计算机层析成像技术(Computed Tomography,3D-CT)检测速度快,但成像质量不及2D-CT。为发挥3D-CT速度优势,抑制噪声同时提高图像重建的质量。以由平板探测器得到的二维投影数据为研究对象,提出了一种对投影数据分别进行高频和低频两次滤波的投影预处理方法,然后将分别重建的图像叠加最终得到高质量的重建图像。由算法的仿真实验结果表明,重建图像质量得到明显改善,系统噪声得到抑制。     

大型集装箱检测系统中图像的去噪增强算法

提出了基于图像边缘信息的去噪增强算法，能有效区分错误噪声行，随机噪声和有用边缘，分别进行不同的图像处理，能在抑制噪声的同时增强图像边缘，提高大型集装箱检测系统的图像质量。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.