电阻层析成象技术在两相管流测是中的应用

介绍应用电阻层析成象（ERT）技术测量两相流中的基本原理和ERT系统的基本结构,描述应用天津大学过程层析成象研究室开发的ERT系统样机,在实验装置上进行两相流流型识别的实验研究。提出应用ERT系统进行流型识别的基本方法,并通过重建图像和分析测量数据实现两相流流型的识别,实验结果证明应用ERT系统实现两相流流型和参数测量的可能性。     

基于小波多分辨分析和最小交叉熵的快速CT图像重建算法

引言 两相流系统广泛存在于电力、石油、化工等现代工业生产中,两相流流型的在线识别是实现两相流在线监控的前提,也是两相流测量中重要的研究方向[1-3].     

基于人工智能算法的水平井气水两相生产测井流型识别方法研究

为探究水平井气水两相流动规律,识别气-水两相流流型。本文首先对水平井气-水两相进行数值模拟,分析不同倾角、流量配比下的两相流流型;然后利用包括CAT在内的生产测井仪器串,对不同流动条件下的气-水两相流进行动态实验,获取仪器的响应数据和气、水两相流动状态;最后利用实验得出的中心持率、井斜角度、涡轮转数,CAT各探头实测值等数据,引入由麻雀搜索算法优化的BP神经网络算法识别水平井气-水两相流型。该算法将BP算法对气水两相流型的识别精度从83.75%提高到91.66%,并加快了运算速度。为探索水平井气水两相流流型识别提供了一种新的思路。     

COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件数值模拟气液两相流的可行性研究

在多相流实验管路系统中,设计向上30°倾斜管道中气液两相流的实验方案和流程,进行气液两相流流型实验研究,并绘制气液两相流流型图。再利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件,对向上30°倾斜管中气液两相流中不同时刻的体积分数进行数值模拟研究,验证COMSOL Multiphysics应用于气液两相流的可行性。结果表明采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件数值模拟向上倾斜管道中气液两相流流型的分析结果与室内实验法结果基本一致,可信程度较高,可作为分析气液两相流流型的主要方法之一。     

基于反传神经网络和压差波动识别气液两相流流型

引　言研究气液两相流流型自动与客观识别具有重要的工程应用价值 ,可为相关工业中两相流动自动监测与控制提供技术保障 .因此 ,该课题一直受学术界和工业界的重视 .近年来 ,随着测量技术和信息处理技术的发展 ,为气液两相流型的客观和智能识别提供了可能[1] .目前有关流型的神经网络模式识别的研究工作正在进行 .Ｅｍｂｒｅｃｈｓ等[2 ] 采用Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ神经网络模型 ,分别将压差波动信号的短时Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ谱和正交小波变换后的小波系数作为网络的输入特征 ,对水平管内的两相流流型进行识别 .结果发现Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ谱作为输入特征参…     

水平气液两相流流型空间图像信息复杂性测度分析

为了考察从图像灰度序列提取的复杂性测度与气液两相流流型变化之间的关系,本文首先从高速摄影系统拍摄的60种流动工况下水平管内气液两相流流型图像中提取了三种复杂性测度（Lempel-Ziv复杂度,分形盒维数,Shannon信息熵）,在此基础上研究了不同表观气速下三种复杂性测度的混沌动力学特性,以及对气液两相流流型的表征能力。实验结果表明：三种复杂性测度均能敏感地指示出流型的变化;通过对三种复杂度随两相流流动参数变化规律分析,可以得到气液两相流动力学结构反演特征, 为揭示气液两相流流型转化机理和定量识别流型提供了一种有效的辅助诊断工具。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换和支持向量机的油水两相流流型识别

针对油水两相流的测量难题，利用文丘里管对水平管内油水两相流流型进行了研究。基于差压波动信号，提出了Hilbert-Huang变换与支持向量机相结合的流型识别方法。首先计算差压波动信号的均方根，并对其进行归一化处理后作为表征流型的特征向量之一；然后对差压信号进行Hilbert-Huang变换，利用经验模态分解后的多分辨率特征，提取第一层和第二层的能量比作为表征流型的另外两个特征向量；最后利用训练好的支持向量机进行流型识别，对分层流型及分散流型取得了较好的流型识别效果。如果将流型识别与推导得到的文丘里油水两相流流量测量模型相结合，可以较好地实现油水两相流的流量测量。     

液-液两相流体黏度对微通道内流型的影响

为了研究流体黏度对液-液两相流流型的影响，采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究十字型微通道内液-液两相流流型变化。结果表明，当两相流体系中存在高黏度流体时，会加剧两相界面的不稳定性，两相流流型极易向不规则流和环状流转换，且当连续相流体黏度较高时，液滴的形状更易为子弹流。通过引入毛细数和韦伯数，提出两相流流型转换关系。当连续相流体和分散相流体分别由水平通道和垂直通道流入时，通过合理调节两相流体流速，可在微通道下游实现大小液滴的融合。这一方式将为高黏度流体流动操控提供新思路，通过控制两相流速，可以实现不依赖于复杂微通道结构的液滴被动融合。     

电阻层析成像技术测量两相流气相流量

提出利用双截面电阻层析成像(ERT)系统,并采用相关方法进行两相流气相流量的测量。介绍像素相关与基于边界电压特征值相关两种相关方法,并进行单气泡模拟实验。实验结果表明用这两种相关方法进行两相流的气相流量测量是可行的。     

槽式孔板气液二相流差压信号的时间序列分析

槽式孔板是一种新型的气液二相流流量传感器,为了研究其二相流测量特性,提出了一种新的信号处理方法。首先应用小波变换模极大值滤波方法对差压测量信号去噪,然后对滤波结果进行经验模式分解得到有限个经验模式函数(IMF),进而对IMF建立自回归(AR)模型,研究了AR模型的参数与气液二相流流型以及分相流量之间的关系。这种信号处理方法能够使具有非平稳特性的差压信号满足时间序列分析的建模条件,AR模型的参数可以有效地区分气液二相流流型,并与气液分相流量的变化密切相关,为气液二相流流型识别和流量计量算法的研究奠定了基础。     

Characterization of Air‐Water Two‐Phase Vertical Flow by Using Electrical Resistance Imaging

The characterization of air‐water two‐phase vertical flow in a 12 m flow loop with 1.5 m of vertical section is studied by using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). By applying a fast data collection to a dual‐plane ERT sensor and an iterative image reconstruction algorithm, relevant information is gathered for implementation of flow characteristics, particularly for flow regime recognition. A cross‐correlation method is also used to interpret the velocity distribution of the gas phase on the cross section. The paper demonstrates that ERT can now be deployed routinely for velocity measurements and this capability will increase as faster measurement systems evolve.     

两相流电阻层析成像测量电路与图像重建

提出一种用于两相流测量的高速电阻层析成像（electrical resistance tomography，ERT）系统。该系统采用双极性脉冲电流源为激励电极对提供激励信号，避免了直流激励造成的电极极化效应，同时简化了滤波电路的设计，相对于常规的交流激励ERT系统显著提高了数据采集速度。针对成像速度较快但成像质量差的线性反投影算法（linear back projection,LBP），采用离线预迭代技术对其进行改进，提出一种改进型线性反投影算法（modified LBP, MLBP），可高速重建较好质量的ERT图像。数值仿真和采用实际测量数据重建图像的结果表明，基于高速数据采集技术和改进的图像重建算法的高速ERT系统可实现两相流实时在线测量。     

基于ERT传感器和数据挖掘技术的空气水两相流空隙率测量(英文)

Based on an electrical resistance tomography(ERT) sensor and the data mining technology,a new voidage measurement method is proposed for air-water two-phase flow.The data mining technology used in this work is a least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) algorithm together with the feature extraction method,and three feature extraction methods are tested:principal component analysis(PCA),partial least squares(PLS) and independent component analysis(ICA).In the practical voidage measurement process,the flow pattern is firstly identified directly from the conductance values obtained by the ERT sensor.Then,the appropriate voidage measurement model is selected according to the flow pattern identification result.Finally,the voidage is calculated.Experimental results show that the proposed method can measure the voidage effectively,and the measurement accuracy and speed are satisfactory.Compared with the conventional voidage measurement methods based on ERT,the proposed method doesn’t need any image reconstruction process,so it has the advantage of good real-time performance.Due to the introduction of flow pattern identification,the influence of flow pattern on the voidage measurement is overcome.Besides,it is demonstrated that the LS-SVM method with PLS feature extraction presents the best measurement performance among the tested methods.     

气液固三相并流系统流型的混沌识别

运用确定性混沌分析技术，研究了气液固三相并流系统散式鼓泡流、聚式鼓泡流、柱塞流、泡沫流及环状流压力波动信号的混沌动力学行为。结果表明，吸引子可以用来表征气液固三相并流系统的动力学行为，混沌特征参数相关维D2和K熵可以用来定量识别以上五种流型。以混沌定量识别为基础，给出了三相并流系统的流型图。     

Possibilities and Limits of Application of Electrical Resistance Tomography in Hydrodynamics of Bubble Columns

Knowing the hydrodynamic regime in which is working a bubble column is of great importance because the regime affects strongly the mass transfer between the phases. To this end, we examine the potentialities of an Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) device. We analyse cross correlation of electrode pair measurements, of neighbouring pixels and power spectra of averaged pixels within a single plane as well as cross correlations of averaged pixels between two planes, without finding a clear signature of the churn turbulent flow. Variable gas flow rate inputs are used to determine the time resolution of the ERT.     

基于图像动态纹理特征的气固流化床流型识别

准确识别流型是气固流化床二相流参数检测的重要内容,文中提出一种基于图像光流法和动态纹理特征相 结合的气固流化床流型识别的新方法.实验是在气固流化床二相流实验系统上利用高速摄影系统获取流型图像.流型图像分别为鼓泡床,节涌床,湍动床,快速流化床,稀相输送等5种典型流型.首先对获取的不同流型图像分别进行去噪和对比度拉伸...     

垂直上升管汽液两相流型的压差波动特征识别

运用现代数字信号处理技术,对垂直上升管水/水蒸气两相流不同流型时的压差波动信号特性进行了分析研究,提出了基于压差波动特征的两相流流型的客观识别方法。通过提取压差波动信号的功率谱分布特征,表明利用功率谱随频率的分布特性的均方根可客观识别出泡状流、间歇流和环状流。     

Measuring gas hold-up in gas–liquid/gas–solid–liquid stirred tanks with an electrical resistance tomography linear probe

An electrical resistance tomography (ERT) linear probe was used to measure gas hold-up in a two-phase (gas–liquid) and three phase (gas–solid–liquid) stirred-tank system equipped with a Rushton turbine. The ERT linear probe was chosen rather than the more commonly used ring cage geometry to achieve higher resolution in the axial direction as well as its potential for use on manufacturing plant. Gas-phase distribution was measured as a function of flow regime by varying both impeller speed and gas flow rate. Global and local gas hold-up values were calculated using ERT data by applying Maxwell's equation for conduction through heterogeneous media. The results were compared with correlations, hard-field tomography data, and computational fluid dynamic simulations available in the literature, showing good agreement. This study thus demonstrates the capability of ERT using a linear probe to offer, besides qualitative tomographic images, reliable quantitative data regarding phase distribution in gas–liquid systems.     

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) for flow and velocity profile measurement of a single phase liquid in a horizontal pipe

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is a novel, simple, and robust method of process imaging which uses non-invasive sensors located on the periphery of vessels to reconstruct a cross-sectional image of the vessel interior. This method of imaging when conducted on two adjacent planes on a pipe provides the ability to extract flow information. Previous studies have investigated this application on multi-phase flows in which the secondary phase provided the required pulse conductivity variation. In these studies the velocity profile and flow regime were identified using the common cross-correlation technique.