铝合金MIG+激光复合焊接工艺研究

研究轻量化轿车用3A21铝合金M IG 激光复合焊接工艺,探讨工艺参数对焊缝成型的影响规律及激光与电弧的复合作用。试验结果表明,采用M IG 激光复合焊接工艺可以显著提高熔深和焊速,达到采用小功率激光焊机实现铝合金的激光焊接。在比较宽的工艺参数范围内M IG YAG激光复合焊接铝合金具有焊缝成型美观等优点,熔深和焊速均显著提高,大大提高生产率。     

低功率激光诱导电弧复合焊接钛合金薄板工艺研究

采用低功率脉冲YAG激光诱导非熔化极惰性气体保护(Tungsten inert gas,TIG)焊电弧复合热源实现了1 mm厚TC4钛合金薄板的优质焊接,研究激光诱导电弧复合焊接过程中热源能量匹配、热源间角度、对接间隙对焊缝成形的影响规律。结果表明,钛合金薄板低功率脉冲YAG激光诱导TIG电弧复合热源焊接过程中,激光能量与电弧能量之间的相互匹配将显著影响焊缝的表面成形。相对于电弧功率的变化,焊缝成形对激光功率变化的敏感度更高。随着热源间角度减小,激光诱导电弧复合热源传热能力增强;由于复合焊接速度快、热输入小、焊接试板横向变形小,当对接间隙为0~0.5 mm范围内时均能获得良好的焊缝成形。为了使焊缝成形均匀连续,焊接过程中需要对焊缝背面采用氩气进行保护,当保护气体流量为5~8L/min时获得最佳焊接接头。     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响

试验研究Nd:YAG激光 脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接过程中焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响.研究结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔深随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的增大而减小,并且在相同参数下,复合热源焊缝熔深稍大于激光焊缝熔深而显著大于脉冲MAG焊缝熔深.对于不同焊接电流,光丝间距在0～3 mm内复合热源焊缝取得最大熔深,且取得最大熔深的光丝间距与焊接电流大小有关;复合热源焊缝熔深在离焦量为2 mm时取得最大值.试验结果分析表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率不仅决定复合热源焊缝熔深,而且可以极大地提高焊接速度:MAG电弧也可提高Nd:YAG激光焊的热效率.     

2219铝合金激光电弧复合焊接及其温度场的模拟

研究了在激光电弧复合焊接条件下,2219铝合金的焊接工艺参数及其温度场的变化。通过调节激光功率、焊接速度等,得到了最佳焊接工艺参数;利用ANSYS有限元软件,采用均匀分布的高斯分布热源、柱体热源与椭球热源模型相叠加的组合热源模型,对6 mm厚2219铝合金的激光-MIG复合焊接温度场进行了数值模拟。实验所得焊缝接头平均抗拉强度为155 MP,达到铝母材的51%;且数值模拟结果与焊缝截面尺寸基本一致,表明了所选热源模型可适用于2219铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接温度场的数值模拟。该研究为铝合金的激光-MIG复合焊接的工艺研究以及数值模拟提供了有益的参考。     

铝及铝合金激光焊接特性

概述了以激光为热源的铝及铝合金激光焊接技术特性.包括铝及铝合金激光焊接稳定性的影响因素和激光焊接缺陷(气孔、裂纹、焊缝不规则等)及改进措施,并介绍了铝及铝合金激光-电弧复合焊接方法和双光束激光焊接方法.     

铝合金激光-TIG复合焊接工艺研究

文章对2A14铝合金进行激光-TIG复合焊接实验,分析不同电弧电流对焊缝成形质量、显微组织以及显微硬度的影响,并对复合机理进行分析。结果表明,激光电流为110 A,电弧电流为100 A时,可以获得成形较好的焊缝,并且焊缝区域的显微硬度较高。电弧等离子体与光致等离子体存在耦合作用,而电弧电流的变化会影响两类等离子体的耦合效果,耦合效果会影响复合焊接过程中的能量利用率,从而最终影响焊缝的显微组织和显微硬度及其分布。     

5A06铝合金不同焊接位置焊接工艺参数研究

针对5A06铝合金缺乏全位置焊接工艺这一问题,采用三个不同的焊接位置分别设置三组不同参数对其进行焊接,研究焊接位置对工艺参数和接头性能的影响。试验结果表面,采用钨极氩弧焊（GTAW）方法焊接5A06铝合金,钨极直径2.5 mm,焊接速度50 mm/min,电弧电压16 V,平焊焊接电流100 A,气体流量10 L/min,立焊焊接电流90 A,气体流量9 L/min,横焊焊接电流90 A,气体流量9 L/min,三组参数能确保焊缝表面成型良好,无焊接缺陷产生;平焊、立焊和横焊焊接后焊缝金相组织由α(Al)固溶体、β相+不溶杂质相组成,由于热输入的影响,焊缝冷却速度慢,延长了焊缝中Al-Mg共晶形成的时间,焊缝组织呈现带状或条状,母材组织呈现等轴晶状,焊缝晶粒较母材粗大;焊接过程中5A06铝合金强化力学性能元素Mn和Mg受到高温电弧作用被烧损,因此三种焊接位置焊缝硬度均比母材低,因平焊时焊接电流比横焊和立焊大,平焊焊接区域Mn和Mg元素烧损比立焊和横焊大,平焊焊缝硬度比立焊和横焊低,由于电流差距较小,硬度差值小,为5A06铝合金焊接工艺选取提供参考。     

A6N01铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接接头工艺研究

激光电弧复合焊是一种低成本、高适应性的焊接方法,在铝合金、不锈钢等难焊金属中,可不同程度的减少和消除了焊接缺陷。以A6N01铝合金为研究对象,进行了焊接坡口设计,研究了间隙变化量对焊缝成形的影响以及进行了焊接接头残余应力检测。结果表明:为了满足激光-MIG复合焊接的工艺,需要设计单独的坡口型式。通过降低焊接速度,间隙为2.0 mm时仍可获得良好焊缝成形。MIG焊接,激光-单丝MIG焊接、激光-双丝MIG焊接,沿着焊缝的应力除个别区域外,皆为小于150MPa的压应力,激光-单丝MIG焊接的焊件整体应力值较小。     

激光-电弧复合焊接技术在油箱焊接中的应用分析

激光-电弧复合焊接技术不仅是目前最受关注的研究方向之一,而且已成为目前高强钢、铝合金等结构件在焊接制造领域工程应用方面最广泛、最成功的复合焊接技术。对激光-电弧复合焊接技术在特种车辆油箱焊接中的应用进行了分析,重点研究了其焊接工艺性和焊接工艺装备,介绍了激光-电弧复合焊接技术的特点及优势,指出该技术对于提高焊接质量和焊缝性能、减少焊接变形量、提高生产效率、降低成本、减少工人劳动强度效果明显。     

高氮钢激光-电弧复合焊焊缝成形多元非线性回归模型

基于响应面法设计方法,进行Nd:YAG激光-熔化极活性气体保护焊(Metal active gas welding,MAG)复合焊高氮钢的平板堆焊试验,获得焊缝熔深、熔宽、余高数据,采用逐步回归法筛选出对焊缝形貌影响显著的因子,建立多元非线性数学回归模型,通过方差分析和回归分析得出该回归模型的R2分别如下:熔深H为0.932,熔宽W为0.915,余高A为0.910,PF值均小于0.001。模型分析结果表明激光功率、焊接电流、电弧电压和热源间距四个因素的主效应和交互作用对焊缝形貌有着很大的影响,其中对熔深影响最大的主效应是激光功率,交互效应是激光功率与电弧电压;对熔宽影响最大的主效应是焊接电流和电弧电压,交互效应是焊接电流与热源间距、电弧电压与热源间距和激光功率与电弧电压;对余高影响最大的主效应是焊接电流,交互效应是电弧电压与热源间距。试验验证结果表明模拟结果和试验结果相吻合。     

铝合金脉冲GTAW焊熔池表面反射模型研究

熟练焊工能够通过观察熔池表面的凸凹信息获取熔池的成形,在机器人智能化焊接过程中,采用视觉传感方式模拟焊工视觉获取熔池的形状信息。图像的灰度值决定于光源特性、物体表面形状、反射特性和摄像机特性。熔池图像隐含熔池的形状信息,为了从图像中提取熔池的形状信息,分析了铝合金脉冲GTAW焊的熔池表面反射特性,熔池表面由漫反射表面、镜面反射表面和互反射表面组成,建立了熔池表面反射模型。     

外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接熔池流动机理

以外加纵向磁场GTAW (钨极氩弧焊 )焊接LD10CS铝合金过程为研究对象 ,建立外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接熔池流体流动和传热数学模型 ,对固定电弧的外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接熔池流体流动过程进行数值分析 ,研究外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接熔池流体流动和传热行为。     

Rough set based knowledge modeling for the aluminum alloy pulsed GTAW process

The arc welding process is so complex that the classical modeling method cannot obtain the model effectively. However, the model of the arc welding process is necessary for the intelligent control of the process. Therefore, the modeling has been the interest of many researchers. Recently, more and more researchers are attempting to obtain the model of the process by means of intelligent methods, such as the neural network method, the fuzzy set method, and so on. All these methods concentrate on simulating the intelligent behavior of human beings, namely using human experience. Many applications of these methods have proved their effectiveness under certain conditions. However, their limits are obvious and further research is needed. This paper proposes a method of rough set based knowledge modeling for the aluminum alloy pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Owing to the ability of dealing with knowledge (experience) of the rough set theory, the method can obtain the knowledge model of the aluminum alloy pulsed GTAW process. The model obtained is easily understood and revised. Experiment results indicate that the method is effective. The method can be regarded as the basis of the intelligent control of the welding process .     

Effect of pulsed current welding on mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloy

High strength aluminum alloys (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys) have gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring high strength-to-weight ratio, such as transportable bridge girders, military vehicles, road tankers and railway transport systems. The preferred welding processes of high strength aluminum alloy are frequently the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process and the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process due to their comparatively easy applicability and better economy. Weld fusion zones typically exhibit coarse columnar grains because of the prevailing thermal conditions during weld metal solidification. This often results in inferior weld mechanical properties and poor resistance to hot cracking. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to refine the fusion zone grains by applying a pulsed current welding technique. Rolled plates of 6 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass welded joints. A single ‘V’ butt joint configuration was prepared for joining the plates. The filler metal used for joining the plates was AA 5356 (Al-5Mg (wt%)) grade aluminum alloy. Four different welding techniques were used to fabricate the joints: (1) continuous current GTAW (CCGTAW), (2) pulsed current GTAW (PCGTAW), (3) continuous current GMAW (CCGMAW) and (4) pulsed current GMAW (PCGMAW). Argon (99.99% pure) was used as the shielding gas. Tensile properties of the welded joints were evaluated by conducting tensile tests using a 100 kN electro-mechanical controlled universal testing machine. Current pulsing leads to relatively finer and more equi-axed grain structure in GTA and GMA welds. In contrast, conventional continuous current welding resulted in predominantly columnar grain structures. Grain refinement is accompanied by an increase in tensile strength and tensile ductility.     

An adaptive inverse control method based on SVM–fuzzy rules acquisition system for pulsed GTAW process

This paper proposes a new method of adaptive inverse control based on support vector machine–fuzzy rules acquisition system (SVM-FRAS) for the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. In this control mechanism, an identifier is established based on SVM-FRAS, and an inverse controller based on SVM-FRAS is designed. The proposed adaptive inverse control method can automatically extract control rules from the process data. Comprehensibility is one of the required characteristics for a complex GTAW process control. We use the proposed SVM-FRAS-based adaptive inverse control method to obtain the rule-based process and the control model of the aluminum alloy pulse GTAW process. Based on the simulation experiments for GTAW process, the SVM-FRAS adaptive inverse control method is found to be effective.     

Effect of welding processes on tensile properties of AA6061 aluminium alloy joints

The present investigation is aimed at to study the effect of welding processes such as GTAW, GMAW and FSW on mechanical properties of AA6061 aluminium alloy. The preferred welding processes of these alloys are frequently gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) due to their comparatively easier applicability and better economy. In this alloy, the weld fusion zones typically exhibit coarse columnar grains because of the prevailing thermal conditions during weld metal solidification. This often causes inferior weld mechanical properties and poor resistance to hot cracking. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid phase welding technique developed primarily for welding metals and alloys that heretofore had been difficult to weld using more traditional fusion techniques. Rolled plates of 6 mm thickness have been used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. The filler metal used for joining the plates is AA4043 (Al-5Si (wt%)) grade aluminium alloy. In the present work, tensile properties, micro hardness, microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the GMAW, GTAW and FSW joints have been evaluated, and the results are compared. From this investigation, it is found that FSW joints of AA6061 aluminium alloy showed superior mechanical properties compared with GTAW and GMAW joints, and this is mainly due to the formation of very fine, equiaxed microstructure in the weld zone.     

Modeling and optimization of Nd:YAG laser micro-weld process using Taguchi Method and a neural network

The use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the 0.1 mm- thick aluminum alloy lap micro-weld process was optimized. The welding parameters that influence the quality of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser lap micro-weld were evaluated by measuring of the tensile-shear strength. In this work, the Taguchi method was adopted to perform the initial optimization of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-weld process parameters. A neural network with a Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (LMBP) algorithm was then adopted to develop the relationships between the welding process parameters and the tensile-shear strength of each weldment. The optimal parameters of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-weld process were determined by simulating parameters using a well-trained back-propagation neural network model. Experimental results illustrate the proposed approach.     

钢-铝异种合金脉冲激光焊焊缝表征分析

采用Nd:YAG激光焊对304不锈钢和5052铝合金进行异种金属焊接,分别以峰值功率、焊接速度、离焦量和脉冲频率等工艺参数设计24组工艺试验,并对比分析未熔合、熔合和焊穿3种焊缝表面表征。运用激光点位移传感器测量焊缝高度,探索焊缝高度随激光功率等工艺参数的变化趋势,得出钢-铝焊缝3种表面形貌的工艺参数区间。分析结果表明,焊缝的表面形貌是由激光单点能量、离焦量和脉冲频率等因素共同决定,焊缝高度与峰值功率、焊接速度、离焦量和脉冲频率等工艺参数有一定的变化规律。     

阀门密封面钴基合金堆焊工艺

介绍了阀门密封面常用材料堆焊钴基合金(焊丝)的化学成分、牌号类别和熔敷金属层常有的缺陷。论述了手工钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)的工艺验证方法。总结DN300奥氏体不锈钢三偏心蝶阀密封面堆焊钴基合金的质量控制。     

电弧声信号与铝合金MIG焊缝塌陷的相关性

针对铝合金MIG焊过程热积累作用强容易产生焊缝突然塌陷从而导致焊接过程失败的问题,建立电弧声信号传感系统并以焊接电弧声为研究对象,运用小波分析方法研究焊接电弧声信号与焊缝塌陷的相关性。研究表明电弧声信号的能量变化与焊缝塌陷有着明显的对应关系,电弧声总能量随着焊缝开始塌陷而增加,对电弧声进行小波分解发现不同频带有着不同的变化规律。研究结果为铝合金MIG焊实时焊接塌陷缺陷的检测提供一种新型有效的方法。